人教版选修七Unit 1 living well 知识点学案(4).doc

unit 1 living well 知识学案（4）53 be +to do (1) be to +动词原形,这里表示将来的时态,有注定的意味。 he is never to see his wife again. his continuous effort is to make him a successful man.(2) be to +动词原形可以表示一种责任,需要,警告或命令的语气。you are to be back before 10pm. i am to inform you that your wife was killed in the accident.no one is to leave this building. 任何人不得离开这幢楼。the form is to be filled in and returned within three days.(2) be to +动词原形也可以表示一种不会改变的安排或意向。 they are to be married next month. the conference is to be held on march 25th. the president is to visit australia next month.(3) 否定形式be (not) to +动词原形表示一种可能性。(4)the lost child was not to be found. he was not to come on time.(5)用于条件句中“想要” in such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.54 make +宾语+宾补 （1） 名词做宾补 all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. (2) adj做宾补 the disease makes him weak. the news made her sad. (3) 省to 的动词原形做宾补（主动语态） he made me repeat it. i was made to repeat it . (4) 过去分词做宾补（ 当make 的宾语是反身代词时，通常用过去分词作宾补） im afraid i cant make myself understood. you must make yourself respected. she had to shout at the top of her voice so as to make herself heard. the strange noise made the child frightened. will you please make yourself known to us in english? he spoke so loud as to make himself heard .when i first came to america, i had lots of difficulty making myself understood(5)从句做宾补 you have made me what i am .(6) 介词短语做宾补 we were asked to make ourselves at home. 55 keep + 宾语+宾补 “使保持某状态 (1) adj做宾补 we must keep our eyes safe/closed . he is in a coma and is being kept alive by a life support machine. 他处于昏迷状态靠生命维持器活着。 （2） ing 形式做宾补 im sorry to keep you waiting. im sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. (3) 介词短语做宾补 once a cold kept me in bed for a week. extra work kept him at the office. 56 find +宾语+宾补: 由n ,adj, adv, 介词短语，或to be型不定式充当，不接 (to) do 型不定式。(1) youll find it a difficult book. (2) we found him lying on the grass. (3) she found the door closed. (4) when i arrived, i found him in bed. (5) i found her out . (6) i found the article easy to understand. (7) i find math to be difficult. find oneself +宾补 “不知不觉地（来到某处）， 发现自己” he found himself walking in the direction of the zoo. then i found myself surround by half a dozen boys.57 leave + 宾语+宾补 （1） who left the door open? (2) his illness has left him weak. (3) some things are better left unsaid. (4) what has happened ? why did you leave the baby lying on the floor?58 插入语是一种独立成分，与句子的其他成分一般没有语法上的关系， 大都是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释，通常有一个词，短语，句子构成，位置较灵活，可置于句首，句中，句末。(1)形容词作插入语 sure enough 果然 even better 更好的worse still 更糟的是 （2） 副词作插入语 indeed 的确 surely 无疑地，当然frankly, actually, luckily , fortunately, unfortunately happily/luckily for sb (3) 介词短语做插入语in sum/in a few words/ in short 简而言之 in a word , in other words , in ones opinion/view , in conclusion 总之 in summary 概括地说at first , in fact, as a matter of fact，, for instance/example，on the contrary 相反 in addition 此外, to ones surprise/satisfaction /delight (4) 分词短语generally speaking一般来说 , generally considering 一般认为 judging from /by 根据来判断 (5)不定式 to sum up 概括地说 to make things worse 使事情更糟的是 to be frank/to be honest/to tell (you) the truth (6)分句做插入语 do you think/believe /suppose , i think , whats worse更糟的是, im afraid , whats more 而且, that is to say 也就是说， whats more important , you see, you know, it seems 59 take on (1) 从事，担任，承担 ; a 这位模范工人喜欢承担额外的工作。_.b这位新经理承担重责。_. (2) 受欢迎，流行 a 这首新歌听起来很美，很快就流行了。_.b去年我们引进了一种新型的跑车，但它一点也不受欢迎。_. (3) 呈现，表现 a 受到保护之后，这个湖呈现出新面貌。_. (4) 雇用，相当于_; a: 雇用新员工 to take on new staff b: she was taken on as a trainee. 她受聘当实习生。 相关短语： (1)take out拿出，带出去 (2) take place 发生，产生，进行，举行 (3) take up占据，开始，继续， 着手处理，拿起(4) take sth apart 拆开(5) take back 收回，带回i take back what i said. (6) take it for granted that 认为理所当然 (7) take it easy不紧张(8) take over 接管，接收，接任，接替 (9) take away 拿走，夺去，使离开(10) take in吸收，欺骗， 收容，接受 (11) take off 脱去，起飞，成功，成名 (12) take down 记下，拿下，拆毁( 13) take to逃往/躲到，喜欢，养成的习惯，培养的能力the rebels took to the hills. she took to her new boss immediately.ive taken to waking up very early. she took to tennis as if shed been playing all her life.她网球打得很好，好像一生都60 suitable adj 合适的，适宜的（fit） 常与for 连用 the wine was not suitable for drinking with a meal . 就餐时 these storybooks are suitable for children to read. fit 合适的，恰当的 常用于be fit for 和be fit to do 结构 the food is not fit to eat. i think he is fit for the job .61have trouble/difficulty/a hard time (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难 he has trouble in making himself understood. china has great trouble in solving the problem of population. do you know the difficulty he had _the work? a finished b finishing c to finish d. on finishing 相关短语： (1) in trouble处于困境 (2) ask for trouble自找麻烦 (3) make trouble制造麻烦 (4) save/spare trouble 省事，避免麻烦 (5) put sb to the trouble of doing sth 麻烦某人做某事 (6) there be trouble (in) doing sth 陷入困境 (7) be a great trouble to 对来说很麻烦 (8) get into trouble陷入困境 (9) take trouble to do 费心做某事，不辞劳苦做某事 (10) put sb to trouble 给某人添麻烦62 you can find the sentences in any part of the unit to this point . to the point 恰当，中肯，切中要点his speech was short and to the point . 简明中肯 remarks that were very much to the point 切中要害的评论 相关短语： (1) point at (2) point to (3) point out (4) to the point of 达到的程度he was rude to the point of being aggressive. 他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的地步。 (5) the point 谈论的事，要点，核心问题 (6) make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 (7) on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 we were on the point of giving up. 正要放弃63 impress :impress sb with sth 给予某人深刻印象，让某人钦佩而起敬impress sth on sb 使某人铭记某事物 father impressed the importance of work on me. father impressed me with the importance of work. impression (n) 印象leave a good impression on sb 给某人留下一个好印象 impressive (adj) 给人印象深刻的 impressionist 64 表示将要发生的动作(1) shall或will +v原 第一人称问句常用shall，其它一般用will shall we meet at the school gate? this summer i will climb mount tai together with my parents . (2) be going to 结构表示事先经过考虑、打算去做的事或有明显迹象要发生的事，它可用于条件状语从句中表将来， 而shall/will 不行。 what are you going to do this evening? i am going to do my lessons . (3) be about to do 表示“即将（正要） 做某事” ， 一般与when 连用，不与具体的时间状语连用。 he was about to leave when the telephone rang. autumn is about to start. (4) 一般现在时可表示按计划将要发生的动作。 the train starts at 2:00 . when does the plane take off ? (5) 现在进行时表将要发生的动作。 但仅适用于少数动词： go ,come, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的词。 he is coming to see you tomorrow. (6) be + to do结构表示职责、义务、 意图、约定、 可能性、 或注定发生的事情。all these things are to be paid back. all these things are to be answered for 所有这一切都应得到偿还。（注定发生）he and i are to meet at the railway station tomorrow. （约定或计划） 65 allow sb to do sth you are not allowed _there alone. (we wont allow you to go there alone.) 允许 doing sth we never allow arriving late. 我们这儿不许吸烟。_. 类似用法： permit / advise/ forbid 66 there be 结构 (1) there 与系动词连用,组成there be 结构，表示“有” ：where there is a will , there is a way. there must be something wrong with the machine. (2) there be 结构中的谓语有时不用be ,而用seem to be , happen to be , be likely to be , used to be ，be bound to be 等 there doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team . there happened to be nobody in the room . there are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for. there used to be a hospital here. there are bound to be obstacles for us to get over. 一定有些障碍需要我们去克服。 (3) 有时there be 结构中也用 stand, live, come, lie, enter, occur等存在性动词。 once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. then there came a knock at the door. there remained just twenty pounds. there stood a tall tree on the top of the hill.67 neither nor (1) “既不也不”连接两个并列的成分，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致。neither i know he knows more about it. the weather today is neither cold nor hot. (2) neither/ nor 有时引起倒装，表示前面一件事同样也不适用于后者。 if you dont go, neither shall/will i .i didnt like the tv play, neither/nor did he. i havent been to hainan island , neither /nor has he. (3) 用于肯定的情况， 表示前面的情况也适用于后者，用so引导。 if you go to school early tomorrow, so shall i . i dislike coffee, so does she. (4) 如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适用于另一个人或物时， 用so it is/was with 或it is/was the same with mary was born in australia and she lived in the united states , so it was with jane. (5) 如果下文表示的是对前面内容的简单重复，则只需把so 放到句首，其后用正常的语序。 she has done a good job. 她干得不错。 -yes, so she does .是的，的确不错。 he likes going shopping on sunday. so he does. its burning hot today,isnt it? -yes, _yesterday. a. so was it b so it was c so it is d so is it john has made great progress recently.- _and _. a so he has ,so have you b so has he, so have you c so he has, so you have d so has he, so you have 68 workbook 中的短语(1)四处走动，传播 get around(2) 阻止某人做某事stop sb (from ) doing sth /prevent s