写作1图表类.doc

写作指导一 图、调查、对比表类赢在写作 Breakthrough in English Writing第一讲 图表、调查、对比类一、写作基本步骤：1.审题：必须仔细阅读题目中的每一句话,弄清楚其各项要求.2.列要点,拟草纲, 组织成句:1) 译出信息点（用简单句译出要点） 2) 整理信息点（用复杂句、并列句归类要点）3.构篇章,扩句成文4.检查润色5.书写:保持卷面整洁，书写工整二、图表类作文一般结构：第一、 开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题第二、 分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势第三、 归纳总结或发表评论例一：上周，我们以“谁是你的偶像”为题，在2600名学生中进行了一次调查(survey)。以下是调查数据：【写作内容】根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容： 1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象； 2. 男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异； 3.“父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异； 4. 男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同； 5. 你的偶像及理由。 Step 1: 审题（四确定）1. 确定类型 _ 2. 确定体裁 _3. 确定主体时态 _ 4. 确定主体人称 _Step 2: 列要点,拟草纲,组织成句._Step 3: 构篇章,扩句成文.Step 4: 检查润色.Step 5: 书写.Useful words and expressions第一、 开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题Useful words:（图表/数据）：table, chart, graph，figure（数据） ；动词：describe, tell, show, representUseful sentences：1. The graph/chart/table above 2. the above graph/chart, it can be seen that/ we can see that.3. (正如) is shown in the graph, .4. has been shown from the table that第二、 分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势Useful words “增长/减少”:表示上升的动词: rise，increase，climb，go up , ；表示上升的名词: rise，increase, ;表示下降的动词: fall，decline，decrease，drop，go down, ;表示下降的名词: fall，decline，decrease，drop, ；表示平稳: remain stable/ unchangedUseful sentences: 1.There was a great /slight increase /rise in2.There has been a slow/rapid fall/drop in3.The rate dropped slightly from 38% to 31%. 4. Compared to, it decreased/increased/fell from to5. The population using iphones increased by 10% in 2010.6.The number is _as many as that of.（是的5倍) =The number is _ times _than (比多倍)Reasons:1. The reason is that2. One may think of the change as a _ of 3. The change in largely results _ the fact that4.This brings the important fact that5. It is because of _ 第三、 归纳总结或发表评论Useful expressions：1. in a _,/ in short,(简而言之)/_ speaking(总的来说)2. From the above discussion, we can _ (得出结论）that3. _(很明显地), it is necessary4. _(毫无疑问) we need I _(建议)the government (should) take effective measures to _(就我来看), the “golden week” should remain, forHave a try例二：假设你叫李华，参加学校开展的“有困难向谁求助”(Whom do you turn to when in trouble?)的调查活动。请用英语给校报编辑部写一封信反映相关内容。 无社会同学朋友老师家长【写作内容】求助对象:1.同学朋友； 2.老师家长； 3.社会； 4.自己理由:1.年龄相仿，容易理解与交流； 2.有爱心、有经验、可以信任3.社会力量，解决问题途径多； 4.不愿与人交流，难以与人沟通_例三：假设你是李明，某报社委托你在就读的中学进行关于午睡情况的问卷调查。请你根据下表中的内容（打的选项为大多数人的选择），用英语写一封信，简要向该报社编辑部介绍调查结果，并简要谈谈你对午睡好处的看法。参考词汇：午睡take a nap after lunchDear editor, Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch in my school._范文：例一Last week, we did a survey among 2,600 students on the topic “Who is your idol?”. The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys prefer sports stars. As the data shows, “parents” ranks the second for the girls, but the fourth for the boys. However, the percentage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. As for myself, Thomas Edison is my idol because his inventions have greatly changed our life.例二Recently, we have done a survey on “Whom do you turn to when in trouble?” According to our survey, about half of the students will turn to their classmates or friends when in trouble, because of the same age, they can understand each other easily. A quarter of students will ask their teachers or parents for help, believing that teachers and parents have rich experience and always love them; while only one fifth who prefer to seek help from society believe the society offers more solutions to their problems. Compared with the above, only ten percent of the students choose to solve their problems all by themselves, as they are not willing to communicate with others and cant get on well with others.In my opinion, when in trouble wed better ask our teachers, parents, friends or classmates for help, so that we can find a better solution.例三Dear editor, Recently I have conducted a survey on taking a nap after lunch in my school. According to the survey, most of the students have the habit of sleeping for a while at noon. The majority prefers to take a nap around 1300 and it usually lasts for about 50 minutes. They often choose to sleep in the dormitory instead of at home or in the classroom. As for the benefits of taking