UNIX基本命令.doc

UNIX基本命令1. uname -a print name of current system显示当前系统名OMC% uname -aSunOS somcmib21 5.5.1 Generic_103640-19 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-1SunOS- 操作系统名somcmib21 - 节点名5.5.1 - 版本号sun4u- 硬件名sparc- 处理器型号SUNW,Ultra-1-硬件平台名2. id return user identify显示用户名OMC% iduid=110(omcadmin) gid=110(omc)用户名为omcadmin,组名为omc3. who - who is on the system显示目前登录的用户OMC% whoomcadmin console Jun 21 13:57 (:0)omcadmin pts/2 Jun 21 13:58omcadmin pts/5 Jun 21 14:27 (somcmmi1211)omcadmin pts/4 Jun 21 14:26omcadmin pts/3 Jun 21 13:37 (01)4. who -r display run level显示运行级别OMC% who -r . run-level 3 Jun 19 08:30 3 0 S5. pwd - return working directory name显示当前工作目录名OMC% pwd/home/omcadmin6. ls list contests of directory显示目录内容OMC% lsAnyang XtermLog.a025X dead_letter fileFORMS XtermLog.a025n flash.sql mib_1510.expHebi checkflash.out ja.atr tmpOMC procedure.doc checkversion.out ja.cfg upgardePuyang cmutil_use loadversion upgradeUNTITLED db_cktab.out local.cshrc version.sqlXtermLog.a00Aj dbimport.out local.loginOMC% ls -la | moretotal 794drwxr-xr-x 11 omcadmin omc 1024 Jun 21 14:27 .drwxr-xr-x 10 root other 512 May 25 16:29 .-rw- 1 omcadmin omc 418 Jun 21 13:57 .Xauthority-rwxr-r- 1 omcadmin omc 3305 Jun 21 00:41 .Xdefaults-rw-r-r- 1 omcadmin omc 223 May 22 10:01 .ab_library-rw-rw-r- 1 omcadmin omc 30 Jun 15 12:35 .audiorc-rwxr-xr-x 1 omcadmin other 90 Apr 12 19:18 .cshrc-rw-rw-r- 1 omcadmin omc 474 Jun 5 17:50 .desksetdefaultsdrwxr-xr-x 12 omcadmin omc 512 Jun 21 13:57 .dt-rwxr-xr-x 1 omcadmin omc 5398 Apr 14 17:03 .dtprofile-rwxr-r- 1 omcadmin omc 6382 Jun 21 00:36 .dtwmrc-rw-rw-rw- 1 omcadmin omc 23 Jun 7 17:47 .lastdir-rwxr-xr-x 1 omcadmin other 90 Apr 12 19:18 .login-rwxr-xr-x 1 omcadmin other 93 Apr 12 19:18 .logout-rwxr-r- 1 omcadmin omc 5057 Jun 21 00:34 .mwmrc-rw-r-r- 1 omcadmin omc 144 Apr 12 18:33 .profilelrwxrwxrwx 1 omcadmin omc 29 Jun 21 14:27 .xinitrc - /usr/gsm/current/env/.xinitrcdrwxrwxr-x 3 omcadmin omc 512 May 24 10:21 Anyangdrwxrwxr-x 3 omcadmin omc 512 May 31 16:40 FORMSdrwxrwxr-x 3 omcadmin omc 512 May 24 11:33 Hebi-More-7. cd change working directory改变工作目录OMC% cd/home/omcadminOMC% cd tmp/home/omcadmin/tmp8. mkdir make directories建目录OMC% mkdir testdirOMC% cd testdir/home/omcadmin/tmp/testdir9. rm remove directory entries删除目录内容e.g. rm file name - 删除文件rm - r directory name - 删除整个目录，包括目录内全部文件和目录名-i - 确认提示10. touch - change file access and modification timesOMC% touch tempfile 建 一 名 为 tempfile的 空 文 件 OMC% ls -ltotal 0-rw-rw-r- 1 omcadmin omc 0 Jun 21 13:56 tempfile11. rmdir directory name 删除目录名(目录为空)12. cp - copy filese.g. cp source-file target-file 拷贝文件cp -r source-dir target-dir 拷贝目录13. cat concatenate and display files显示文件内容OMC cat /etc/hosts localhost2 somcmib21 omc_mib omc_4gl loghost3 somcmmi12114 somcmmi12125 somcmmi12131 somcsys21 omc_sys omc_pm0 netprinter2114. more browse or page through a text file显示文件内容15. pg files perusal filter for CRTS显示文件内容16. lpstat -t print information about the status of the LP print Service显示LP打印服务状态信息OMC% lpstat -tscheduler is runningsystem default destination: lexmarkmembers of class lp: lexmarksystem for lexmark: netprinter21lp accepting requests since Fri Jun 19 17:54:28 GMT 1998lexmark accepting requests since Fri Jun 19 17:54:27 GMT 1998printer lexmark faulted. enabled since Fri Jun 19 17:54:28 GMT 1998. available17. lp send requests to an LP print service打印文件OMC% lp /etc/hostsrequest id is lp-63 (1 file(s)OMC% lpstat -tscheduler is runningsystem default destination: lexmarkmembers of class lp: lexmarksystem for lexmark: netprinter21lp accepting requests since Fri Jun 19 17:54:28 GMT 1998lexmark accepting requests since Fri Jun 19 17:54:27 GMT 1998printer lexmark faulted. enabled since Fri Jun 19 17:54:28 GMT 1998. available. system not respondinglp-63 omcadmin 214 Jun 21 14:0318. cancel cancel requests to an LP print service取消打印OMC% cancel lp-63request lp-63 cancelled19. df -k report number of free disk blocks and files观察硬盘空间OMC% df -kFilesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on/dev/md/dsk/d20 48023 15981 27242 37% /dev/md/dsk/d26 1112718 378573 622875 38% /usr/proc 0 0 0 0% /procfd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd/dev/md/dsk/d23 48023 12815 30408 30% /var/dev/md/dsk/d25 746894 58826 613388 9% /gen/dev/md/dsk/d34 173015 55765 99950 36% /solbak/dev/md/dsk/d24 721751 235422 414159 37% /usr/gsmswap 815416 192 815224 1% /tmpomc_sys:/home 187480 32952 135784 20% /homeomc_sys:/usr/gsm/ne_data 480912 132800 300016 31% /usr/gsm/ne_dataomc_sys:/usr/gsm/config/global 482432 254272 179920 59% /usr/gsm/config/globalomc_sys:/usr/gsm/ne_data/raw_stats 47256 512 42024 2% /usr/gsm/ne_data/raw_stats20. mount , umount mount or unmount file systems and remote resources装载或下载文件系统和远程资源21. volcheck checks for media in a drive and by default checks all floppy media检查驱动器中介质情况，缺省为检查软盘情况OMC% volcheckOMC% df -kFilesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on/dev/md/dsk/d20 48023 15983 27240 37% /dev/md/dsk/d26 1112718 378573 622875 38% /usr/proc 0 0 0 0% /procfd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd/dev/md/dsk/d23 48023 12815 30408 30% /var/dev/md/dsk/d25 746894 58826 613388 9% /gen/dev/md/dsk/d34 173015 55765 99950 36% /solbak/dev/md/dsk/d24 721751 235422 414159 37% /usr/gsmswap 815384 200 815184 1% /tmpomc_sys:/home 187480 32952 135784 20% /homeomc_sys:/usr/gsm/ne_data 480912 132808 300008 31% /usr/gsm/ne_dataomc_sys:/usr/gsm/config/global 482432 254272 179920 59% /usr/gsm/config/globalomc_sys:/usr/gsm/ne_data/raw_stats47256 512 42024 2% /usr/gsm/ne_data/raw_stats/vol/dev/diskette0/no_name 1423 56 1367 4% /floppy/no_nameOMC% cd /floppy/no_name/floppy/no_nameOMC% ls -latotal 125drwxrwxrwx 1 omcadmin omc 7168 Jan 1 1970 .drwxr-xr-x 3 root nobody 512 Jun 21 14:05 .-rwxrwxrwx 1 omcadmin omc 55298 May 17 19:36 bss.a0322. eject eject media such as CD-ROM and floppy form drive退出软盘23. eject cdrom退出CDROM24. tar - create tape archives and add or extract files建立磁带档案文件或读出档案文件.Usage: tar txrucvfbFXhiBelmopw0-7 tapefile blocksize exclude-file -I include-file files .tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 filename or dirctory name 把文件(filename)或目录(dirctory name)写入DAT磁带, 可用通配符”*”或”?”.DAT磁带设备名为”/dev/rmt/0”tar tvf /dev/rmt/0列出设备名为”/dev/rmt/0”的驱动器中磁带所包含的目录名和文件名.tar xvf /dev/rmt/0把”/dev/rmt/0”中的磁带内容写回当前目录.25. ufsdump - incremental file system dump26. ufsrestore - incremental file system restore27. su - become super-user of another user改为超级用户或其他用户OMC% iduid=110(omcadmin) gid=110(omc)OMC% su - anyangPassword:Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.5.1 Generic May 1996OMC% iduid=1003(anyang) gid=111(omcread)OMC%28. exit退出系统29. find find files寻找文件e.g.find / -name core -print -exec rm ;寻找core文件并删除.find / -size +1048576c -print寻找大于1 Mbyte 的文件.30. man find and display reference manual pages显示命令帮助内容31. ypcat - print values in a NIS database显示NIS数据库中的参数OMC% ypcat hosts0 netprinter215 somcmmi12134 somcmmi12123 somcmmi12111 somcsys21 omc_sys omc_pm2 somcmib21 omc_mib omc_4gl loghost localhost1 somcsys21 omc_sys omc_pm2 somcmib21 omc_mib omc_4gl loghost2 somcmib21 omc_mib omc_4gl loghost2 somcmib21 omc_mib omc_4gl loghost1 somcsys21 omc_sys omc_pm32. passwd - change login password and password attributes修改口令OMC% passwdpasswd: Changing password for omcadminEnter login(NIS) password:New password:Passwords must differ by at least 3 positionsNew password:Re-enter new password:NIS(YP) passwd/attributes changed on somcmib2133. ifconfig -a configure network interface paramete