初二10.28.doc

现在完成时一、构成1.肯定句: 主语+have/has+过去分词+(其他）。2. 否定句: 主语+have/has+not +过去分词+(其他）。3. 一般疑问句 Have/has+主语+过去分词? Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasnt.、二、特征词already(肯定句)yet(否定句和疑问句)never，ever(疑问句)just (谓语动词之前) before(句末）so far= up to now, by now（到如今，迄今为止）in the past/last few years, (过去几年来)these days（这几天）since/ever since（自从，从那时起）for+ 时间段 :for two years三、用法1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（还记得内容） Jim has just lost his book.吉姆刚才把书丢了。（还没找到）2.常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.如： for+时间段 for12 weeks/three minutes since+ 时间点(起点) since 9 oclock this morning since一段时间agofor时间段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks for a year=since a year ago; since 2000=for 9 years since+从句(从句常用一般过去时) The Greens have lived in Macao since they moved to Macao from Paris.格林一家从巴黎搬到澳门之后就一直住在澳门。1.Are you sure you _(lose) the book?-Yes, I _(look) for it everywhere, but I still cant find it.2.We _ already _(copy) these words.3. Jim _(just, watch) a football match. He is so tired and hungry.4. _you ever _(travel) on a train?5. -_ they _(see) the film yet?-Yes.They_(see) it already.-When_they_(see) it? -They _(see)it just now.6.- _ her sister _(be) to Nanning?-No,she_( never,be) there before.二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例句：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasnt handed in his paper? （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题1. A. 用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _yet_? No, not _havent_.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _阿拉ready_3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _yet_.B.用 since或 for1) We have learned five lessons _scince_ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _scince_last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用have gone或 have been1) Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory.2) Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times3) He asked me if I_ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 2. 选择填空1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave triedC. has madetried D. madetried 2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got wasD. climbedis4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B. Havecopiedhave C. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad5. “Why _ she _ angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendidsee B. Did seedidwatchC. HaveseenhaveseenD. Did seehaveseen1. Bad luck! The train _ . We have to go by bus.A. has just left B. has left just now C. was leaving just now D. is leaving just now2. What an unlucky thing! The boss _ here yesterday. But he _ for Beijing today.A. was , left B. was, has left C. has been, left D. has been, has left3.-_ you ever _ the film Harry Porter? -Of course. I _ it only yesterday.A Do, see, see B. Did, see, saw C. Have, seen, have seen D. Have, seen, saw4. I _ of that man before. Whos he?A. dont hear B .didnt hear C. have never heard D have heard5. What _ in your hometown in the past five years? -Five years _, it was a small village. Now it is a beautiful town.A. happened, ago B has happened, before C. has happened, ago D. happened, before6 .Jimmy , why are you playing here? Have you finished your homework_? -Mum, I have finished it _ . I _ it two hours ago.A. already, yet, finished B. yet, already, finished C. yet. Already, have finished D. yet, yet, finished7. I _ Pauls new story book in the reading room yesterday, I can t find it anywhere. So I _ a new one for him already.A. forgot, have bought B. left, bought C. left, have bought D. forgot, bought8.I _ the film The Sound of Music, but I _ some of the songs in the film.A. havent watched, have listened to B. have watched, have listened toC. didnt watch, listened to D. didnt watch, have listened to9. I _ to Guangzhou last Saturday and I visited Beijing Road. The shopping centre _ so many people.A. has been, has been full of B. went, was full with C. has gone, was full with D. went, was full of10. I_ my supper. I _ it with our English teacher in the hotel at 6 oclock.A. had, had B. have had, had C. had, have had D. have, had用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Zhao (hurry) off to look after the man.2. Jim (make) many friends since he (come) to China.3. They _(know) each other for about ten years.4. He _ already _(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.5. When _ she _(leave)? Two hours ago.6. _ you _(see) the film before?Yes, I _. Where _ you _(see) it? At The Queens Cinema.7. Thank you all the same, Mr. Black, but I dont eat sweets. Oh, I am sorry. I _(not know) that.8. They usually _(go) fishing when they lived there.9. How long _ she _(be) ill?10. They didnt start to work in the field until the rain _(stop).The date was like any other day in his life. After school Bill walked past the shop on the street corner. He stopped to look at the front row of shoes, and he felt sorry for himself. He really wanted to have a pair for his birthday. He sadly walked away and thought of what to tell his mother he knew she would give him anything if she could. But he also know very well she had little money. He decide not to go home at once, as he looked worried and he didnt want to make his mother worry about it. So he went to the park and there he sat on the grass. Then he saw a girl in a wheelchair. He found that the girl moved the wheels with her hands . Bill looked at her carefully and was surprised to see that the girl had no feet. He looked down at his own feet. “it is much better to be without shoes than without feet.” It was not right for him to feel so sorry and sad. He went away and smiled, thinking he was more lucky in life.1, Bill was so sorry that A the shoes in the shop were not the right size for him. B he forgot to b