人教版选修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors Learning about Language学案.docx

unit 5 meeting your ancestors learning about language学案重点单词1_ n意义；重要性 _ adj重要的；有意义的2_ adj有系统的，有条理的 _ n系统3_ v吐出 过去式：spat 过去分词：spit4_ v删除5_ n学院，学会 _ adj学会的，学院的6_ n接待员 _ n接待处7. _(adv)以方式；不知怎么地8_(n)(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠；(vt)搔；擦伤；刮坏9_(n)幼儿园10_(adj)放射性的；有辐射能的11_(n)分割；划分；分配；分界线 _(vt)分开； 分成；分配12_(vi& vt)鼓掌欢迎13_(vi& vt) 加速；促进14_(vt)逮捕；吸引；(n) 逮捕；拘留15_(adj)有技巧的；熟练的 _(n)技能；熟练重要短语1_向前看；为将来打算2_ 追溯到3_ 因而晕眩4_ 要是就好了/但愿5_ 被搂过去；被舀出6_ 释然；松口气7_ 递过去8_ accelerate ones walk9_ on behalf of10_ in spite of11_ ahead of12_ be fed up with关键句型1if only it could be just like last year! 要是能像去年那样就好了！2having heard wolves howling in the forest, lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. 沿着回洞穴的路走着，听到森林里狼的嚎叫声，拉拉加快了步伐，她担心 会有野兽隐蔽埋伏着，正等着她。3. she had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. 快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。4abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, luna. 突然间她坐了下去，但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹卢娜一把搂了起来。5he chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening. 他选了一块大石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。【答案】重点单词1. significance; significant 2. systematic; system3. spit4. delete5. academy; academic6. receptionist; reception7. somehow8. scratch9. kindergarten10. radioactive11. division; devide12. applaude13. accelerate14. arrest15. skilful重要短语之单词篇1. significance nu意义；意思；重要性；重要意义the significance of 的重要性/含义few people realized the significance of his role in the whole matter. 很少有人意识到在整个事件中他的作用的重要性。the factory set up the year before is of great significance to this areas economy. 前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。【知识拓展】 (1)be of significancesignificant 重要的；意义重大的 be of no significance 无意义/不重要 be of little significance 不太重要(2)significant adj相当数量的；意义重大的(3)significantly adv意义深远地；意义重大地注意：be of抽象名词(significance, help，importance，value，use， benefit等)用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。在 这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形容词，如：great，little，some， any，no，much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。they are of great help to the learners of english他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。the book will be of great value to the students of studying history这本书对学历史的学生将很有价值。the meeting is of great importance这个会议很重要。this medicine is of no use这种药无效。this matter is of no significance这件事无关紧要。【跟踪典例】(1)补全句子_ _ _(什么意义) of the speech?its a decision_ _ _ _(具有重大政治意义)(2)单句改错we should know the significant of keeping healthy. 【答案】(1)whats the significanceof great political significance(2) significant significance2. somehow adv以某种方式，通过某种途径；不知怎么地we managed to get the job done somehow. 我们总算设法干完了那项工作。somehow, i dont feel i can trust him 不知什么缘故，我觉得不能信任他。【知识拓展】（1）somehow or other以某种方法somehow or other i must get a new job. 我必须想方设法找份新工作。（2）somewaysomehow以某种方式；不知怎么地 somewhat adv稍微；有点儿 anyhowanyway 无论如何；尽管；即使这样the water was very cold but i took a shower anyway水很冷，不过我还是洗了个淋浴。the price is somewhat higher than i expected. 这价格比我预料的高了一些。【跟踪典例】(1)用somehow, anyhow或somewhat填空im afraid we cant come, but thanks for your invitation _i was _ surprised to see her_ or other i must get a new job(2)用恰当词语填空i think her ideas are right，but_im not completely sure(3)补全句子要到达山顶不容易，但我们一定会设法做到的。it wont be easy to get to the top of the mountain but _ _ _ _3. systematic 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的science may be described as the art of systematic oversimplification科学可以描述为有系统的高度简化的艺术。he is a systematic administrator他是一位有计划的组织者。she went about her work in a systematic manner她干工作时有条理。【知识拓展】 system n体系；系统；制度；体制；秩序；规律systematically adv有系统地；有计划地；有条理地your system must be rebooted to adjust system settingsreboot now? 必须重新启动系统调整系统设置，立即重新启动吗？shall we adopt the roundrobin system or the knockout system? 我们将采用循环制，还是淘汰制？i wish theyd organize the party more systematically 我希望他们把晚会安排得更加井然有序。【跟踪典例】汉译英他们有计划地开展他们的研究。_用恰当形式填空in order to pass the entrance examination, each student made a_(system)arrangement【答案】they carried out their research systematicallysystematicsystematic“有系统的，有计划的，有条理的”。句意为“为了通过高考，每个学生都制订了 一份有计划的安排”。4. applaud vi& vt鼓掌欢迎；赞赏applaud sb/sth向某人/某事鼓掌表示欢迎或赞赏applaud sbfor sth因某事赞赏某人when she finished her speech，the audience applauded. 她讲完后，听众鼓掌。the audience warmly applauded the performers观众向演员们热烈鼓掌。they applauded him for his courage他们因他的勇气而称赞他。【知识拓展】applause n鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖；赞扬win the applause of.赢得的掌声there was continued applause掌声经久不息。the audience broke into rapturous applause听众中爆发出一片欢呼喝彩声。his good conduct deserves applause他的优良品行值得称赞。his speech won the applause of the audience他的讲话赢得了听众的掌声。【跟踪典例】(1)补全句子people all_ _ _ _ _ (称赞他的勇敢)the audience all stood up and _ _ _ (为那位演讲者鼓掌)(2)选词填空(accept/applaud)when the space heroes came out of the capsule, all the viewers _ them in delight5. accelerate vi& vt加速；促进we must take measures to accelerate the rate of economic growth. 我们必须采取措施，加速经济增长。the driver stepped on the gas and accelerated the car. 司机加大油门，让汽车加速行驶。growth will accelerate to 2.9 percent next year. 明年的增长会加快到2.9%。【知识拓展】acceleration n加速；加快；加速的幅度；加速能力；加速度accelerator n(汽车的)油门；加速器it captures a five-second history of speed, acceleration and braking它能记录5秒钟内汽车的速度、加速和刹车情况。the driver pressed on the accelerator, savagely roaring the engine司机踩下油门踏板，引擎轰鸣。【跟踪典例】完成句子the local government has taken measures_ _ _ _ _ _ _. (加快经济增长的速度)用恰当形式填空he made up his mind_(accelerate)his advertising regardless of others objection【答案】 to accelerate the rate of economic growthto accelerate6. arrest vt逮捕；吸引；阻止n逮捕；拘留arrest sbfor因而逮捕某人arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意arrest the bleeding of blood 止血the policeman arrested the thief. 警察逮捕了小偷。poor food arrests the natural growth of children. 粗劣食物妨碍儿童的自然成长。the bright colors of the flowers arrested susans attention. 花的艳丽色彩引起苏珊的注意。the police made several arrests during the football match警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。【知识拓展】 get arrested 被逮捕under arrest 在关押中make an arrest 进行拘捕【跟踪典例】补全句子灿烂的灯光吸引了这个男孩的注意力。the bright lights _ _ _ _用恰当词语填空the agent was arrested_using a false passport【答案】arrested the boys attentionfor句意：那个代理商因使用假护照而被捕。arrest“逮捕”，be arrested for.“因而被捕”。7. skilful adj有技巧的；熟练的if he was a more skilful player, he would have scored more points 如果他是一个更有技巧的表演者，那他将获得更多分。【知识拓展】 be skilful at (doing)sth擅长(做)某事skilfully adv熟练地she is quite skilful at dealing with difficult customers她擅长对付苛刻的顾客。【易混辨析】skilful / skilledskilful指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧skilled通常指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验，并掌握某项专门技术lindas father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skilful at repairing bicycles too琳达的父亲是个技术娴熟的机械师，因而她很会修理自行车。【跟踪典例】选词填空：skilful / skilledthe new method was popular and many peasants became very _ at it_ craftsmen, such as carpenters, are in great demandmost of the _ jobs were done by menthe artist is so _ with his hands that people are amazed【答案】skilfulskilledskilledskilful之短语篇1. due to 由于；归功于the teams success was largely due to her efforts该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。most of the problems were due to human error多数问题都是人为错误造成的。注意：due to一般不位于句首，如果需要放置在句首，常用because of或owing to。【知识拓展】due adj预定的；到期的when is the train due at shanghai?火车预计什么时候抵达上海？payment is due on october 1st付款期限为10月1日。【跟踪典例】用恰当词语填空doras application to that university was not accepted _ _her poor english【答案】due to/because of2fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦。表示“厌烦”的短语还有：be tired of (doing) sth.对感到厌烦cant put up with无法忍受；对感到厌烦be sick of对厌恶(讨厌的程度最重)im fed up with such a boring life. 我受够了这种枯燥的生活。people are fed up with all these traffic jams. 人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。【知识拓展】feed up(把人、动物)养肥，让吃饱feed back 反应；反馈feed sb/sthon sth用喂养feed sthto sb/sth喂给feed on sth(动物)以为食；靠生活live on sth(人)以为主食；靠生活you look fed upwhats the matter?你满脸不高兴的样子。怎么啦？birds feed on worms and grains鸟以虫和谷物为食。we cant change the bad weather, so we must put up with it我们改变不了这种坏天气，所以对它只好忍受。the party ended up with a song that everyone is familiar with这个晚会以大家都熟悉的一首歌来结束。【跟踪典例】(1)根据意思，用适当的介副词填空the salesmen feed _ information to the firm about its salessquirrels feed _ nutssince bob fell ill, the family has had to live _ what his wife earnshe couldnt come up _ an appropriate answer just at the time (2)完成句子tom_ _ _ _(受够了)jenny who bothered him from time to time_ _ _ _(我受够了)the professor whose lectures are boringthis is the only explanation that_ _ _ _(我想出的)3. look ahead 向前看；为将来打算have you looked ahead to what youll be doing in five years time？你是否想过五年后你要做些什么？young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past青年人常思将来，老年人常思既往。【注意】look ahead后不能直接跟宾语，要接宾语须家介词to【知识拓展】look down upon/on 看不起，歧视look forward to 盼望，期望look into 调查，研究look through 温习，仔细检查，浏览look up 查阅look up to 尊敬，敬仰the government will look into how to reduce unemployment rate政府将研究如何降低失业率。my father certainly has great influence on me and i always look up to him我父亲对我有极深远的影响，我一直很尊敬他。【跟踪典例】(1)用合适的look词组填空we should _ and spare a thought for future generationsmrsmith had taught for many years, and all students _ himyou should _ your notes before the examinationwell _ the matter first before coming to a decision (2)补全句子_(向前看) and you will get a good chanceim sure that you will make great progress thank youyou should_ _ _ _ _ _ _.(翻阅字典查查这个单词)4. date back to.“追溯到，始于”，相当于date from。my family has a vase, which is said to date back to the ming dynasty 我家有个花瓶，据说是从明代传下来的。tomb sweeping day dates back to the spring and autumn period 清明节可以追溯到春秋时代。the cultural relic discovered lately dates from the qing dynasty 最近发现的文物属于清朝。注意：date back to和date from常用一般现在时，不用于进行时态，而且无被动语态。【知识拓展】up to date 最近的；跟上时代的out of date 过时的；废弃的just like your antivirus, you have to keep your firewall up to date 就像你的反病毒程序，你要保持你的防火墙是最新的。all our information is kept right up to date on the computer 我们贮存在计算机里的所有信息都跟得上时代的发展。the timetable is out of date这张时间表过期了。【易混辨析】date back to / date backdate back to “追溯到；始于”，其后接表示具体时间的名词date back “上溯；追溯”，其后接表示一段时间的名词the history of their family dates back hundreds of years; the house where they live dates back to the 18th century他们的家族已有几百年的历史；他们住的房子始建于18世纪。【跟踪典例】汉译英这座建筑是1823年所建。_选词填空(date back to/date back)the traditional friendship between our two peoples _ ancient times补全句子my interest in english _ _(追溯到)the time when i met a good english teacher in junior middle school【答案】this building dates back to 1823dates back todates from之句式篇1. worried about the preparations for her feast, lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit 拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果，甜瓜和其他水果收集起来就快步回家了。worried about the preparations for her feast为过去分词短语作状语，用来描述主语的状态。buried in his homework, he didnt notice it was 10 oclock 忙于他的作业，他没注意到已经10点了。devoted to his research, he has no time to watch tv, so he doesnt know what has happened to japan 致力于他的研究，他没时间看电视，因此他不知道近来日本发生了什么事。注意：有些动词或动词短语常用过去分词形式作状语，用来描述主语的状态。这些词有excite，tire，frighten，absorb，surprise，shock，satisfy，exhaust等。【跟踪典例】(1)补全句子_ (精疲力竭), he lay on the grasshe turned away, _ (满意的) (2)用恰当形式填空_ (addict)to the internet, he didnt study at all2. if only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！if only.意为“要是就好了，但愿”，其后的句子常用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般过去时(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟)、过去将来时(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟)或过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟)。if only my mother were with me now!要是我母亲现在和我在一起就好了！if only he would reply to my letter!要是他能给我回信就好了！【名师点睛】“if only句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是就好了，但愿”。“if only.could/woulddo.”表示与将来事实相反的愿望。i dreamed the coming examsif only i could have time to receive my lessons 我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该多好啊。“if only.did.”表示与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。if only i had another chance要是我再有一次机会就好了。“if only.had done.”表示与过去事实相反的愿望。if only you had come to help us yesterday!你要是昨天来帮我们就好了！【易混辨析】if only / only ifif only用来表达愿望，意为“但愿；要是就好了”，句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(与现在事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时)only if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only起强调作用，意为“只要”。we will help you only if you tell us the truth. 你只有告诉我们真相，我们才会帮助你。 only if you practice more can you speak english well. 你只有多练习，才能说好英语。【跟踪典例】(1)用if only或only if 填空_ we could afford to buy a car of our own_ you knew how hard ive tried to please you_ the boss has given permission is a worker allowed to leave the place (2)用恰当形式填空look at the trouble i am in! if only i _ (follow)your advice3. having heard wolves howling in the forest, lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。此句中多处用了现在分词。“having heard wolves howling in the forest”为现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其中“howling in the forest”为现在分词短语作宾语补足语；而“fearing that.”在句中作伴随状语，其中that从句为动词fear的宾语；从句中的“lying in wait for her”为分词短语作后置定语修饰wild beasts。having finished his report, tom went to the playground to play basketball 完成了他的报告，汤姆去操场打篮球了。i saw him talking with his teacher just now 刚才我看见他正和他老师谈话。they walked on the road to the library, talking and laughing 他们走在去图书馆的路上，说说笑笑。this is the dog barking just now 这就是刚才叫唤的那只狗。注意：现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，它与主语之间构成主谓关系；现在分词作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系；现在分词作定语，与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。【跟踪典例】用恰当形式填空_ (fail)to reach them on the phone, we sent an email insteadpeople sat together, _ (talk about)another earthquake in japan4. she had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped 快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停下来，不往前走了。句中“had done.when.”是一个常用句型，意为“(刚)做完了就在那时”。when表示“就在那时”时，常见句式及意义如下：he was talking about his plans when suddenly the lights went off 他还在喋喋不休地讲着他的计划，这时灯突然灭了。i was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door 我正要上床睡觉，这时有人敲门。we had hardly arrived when it began to snow我们刚到就开始下雨了。【跟踪典例】用恰当词语填空she had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday用恰当形式填空jim_(watch)a late night film at home when，right in the middle of a thrilling scene，the television went blank5. he chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening 他选了一大块石头，把它当作锤子敲打一个需要磨快的石刮刀边沿。(1)本句中and连接两个并列谓语；that引导的定语从句修饰先行词scraper。(2)句中needed sharpening中的sharpening是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，英语中need，want，require 等动词后可以接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式表示被动意义。the house needs cleani