人教版选修六Unit 3 A healthy life grammar课时作业（6）.docx

unit 3 a healthy life grammar课时作业第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。adeborah cohen is a senior natural scientist at the rand corpand the author of the book a big fat crisis: the hidden forces behind the obesity epidemic and how we can end it. according to the book，there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.1.if youre obese，blame your genes.obesity rates have increased. yet，between 1980 and 2000，the number of americans who are obese has doubled too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.at restaurants，a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before，because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home，so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2.if youre obese，you lack self control.research shows that if we are faced with too much information，we have a tendency to make poor dietary choices. our world has become so rich in temptation that we can be led to consume too much in ways we cant understand. even the most vigilant(警觉的) people may not be up to the task of controlling themselves.3.lack of access to fresh fruit and vegetables is responsible for obesity.although the us department of agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of americans live in the “food deserts”，about 65 percent of the nations population is overweight or obese. for most of us，obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruit and vegetables，but to the choices we make in supermarkets.4.the problem is not that we eat too much，but that we dont exercise.michelle obamas “lets move” campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more，childhood obesity rates will decrease. but there was no significant decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and 1990s. in fact，although a drop in work related physical activity may account for up to 100 fewer calories burned，leisure physical activity appears to have increased. the problem is that we eat too much.1.the author mentioned deborah cohens book in paragraph 1 to_.a.introduce the topicb.draw readers attentionc.introduce the author of the bookd.advertise the book答案a解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“according to the book，there are lots of misunderstandings of obesity.”根据这本书，有许多关于肥胖的误区。紧接着讲了关于肥胖的四种误区。2.what is the relationship between obesity and the place where you eat?a.the less you eat out，the higher rates of obesity you have.b.the less you eat at home，the lower rates of obesity you have.c.the more you eat out，the higher rates of obesity you have.d.the more you eat at home，the higher rates of obesity you have.答案c解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容“.because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home，so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.”由于餐厅提供的食物比家里准备的富含更多卡路里，频繁外出就餐的人就比其他人有更高的风险患上肥胖症。3.whats the best title of this passage?a.four misunderstandings of obesityb.four rules to help you avoid obesityc.obesity leads to a big fat crisisd.lacking selfcontrol leads to obesity答案a解析标题归纳题。本文第一段中的“.lots of misunderstandings of obesity”，下文讲了四种关于肥胖的误区。bin most cases，there is only one correct answer to a question. but there is one question that has millions of current answers. that question is “whats your name？” everyon egives a different answer，but everyone is correct.have you ever wondered about peoples names? where do they come from? what do they mean?peoples first names，or given names，are chosen by their parents. sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. some parents choose the name of a wellknown person. a boy could be named george washington smith; a girl could be named helen keller jones.some people give their children names that mean good things. clara means “bright”；beatrice means “one who gives happiness”；donald means “world ruler”；leonard means “as brave as a lion”.the earliest last names，or surnames，were taken from place names. a family with the name brook or brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪)；someone who was called longstreet probably lived on a long，paved road. the greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.other early surnames came from peoples occupations. the most common occupational name is smith，which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. in the past，smiths were very important workers in every town and village. some other occupational names are: cartera person who owned or drove a cart; pottera person who made pots and pans.the ancestors of the baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. the carpenters greatgreatgreatgrandfather probably built houses and furniture.sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin，or their size，or their special abilities. when there were two men who were named john in the same village，the john with the gray hair probably became john gray. or the john who was very tall could call himself john tallman. john fish was probably an excellent swimmer and john lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name. english speaking people added s or son. the johnsons are descendants of john; the roberts familys ancestor was robert. irish and scottish people added mac or mc or o. perhaps all of the mac donnells and the mc donnells and the odonnells are descendants of the same donnell.4.which of the following aspects are not covered in the surnames of the passage?a.peoples characters.b.peoples occupations.c.places where people lived.d.talents that people possessed.答案a解析细节理解题。文章第五段提到了c项；第六、七段提到了b项；第八段提到了d项。故选a项。5.according to the passage，the ancestors of the potter family most probably_.a.owned or drove a cartb.made things with metalsc.built houses and furnitured.made kitchen tools or containers答案d解析推理判断题。文中第六段“pottera person who made pots and pans”可知potter意为一个制作茶壶和平底锅的人，pots and pans均是厨房用品，由此推断选d。6.suppose an english couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their newborn son to become a world leader，the baby might be named.a.beatrice smithb.leonard carterc.donald greenwoodd.george longstreet答案c解析推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段可知一些人取名是根据特征而来，donald means “world ruler”所以根据题意，居住在森林旁边的人取名为donald greenwood，故选c项。7.the underlined word “descendants” in the last paragraph means a persons_.a.ancestorsb.later generationsc.friends and relativesd.colleagues and partners答案b解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.”可知descendants指的是后代，故选b项。cduring the past spring festival, many children may have received red packets from their families. but xingpu, a 40yearold economist, is asking the government to give red packets to every chinese citizen.xing suggested the government give out 1,000 yuan to each chinese since the government income has increased rapidly in recent years. he said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys economic success, help the lower income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费) around the country.recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro poor (扶贫) and pro rural(惠农) policies, including increasing spending on public health care and calling off the agricultural tax. but the lower income groups till needs more help while being hit hard by an 11year high in prices and recent snowstorms.xing said while making the draft, he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the united states and singapore. earlier this year, the governments of the two nations offered cash handouts(救济)to their citizens as the result of a surplus in government income. as for in china, “we can even encourage the rich to donate their 1,000 yuan red packet to the poor，”said xing.although xings suggestion has gained wide support among ordinary chinese on the internet, many other economists criticized it as unpractical. even xing himself admitted he made the suggestion without any careful calculation. but they agreed with xings point that the growing economic pie should be shared among the people.“to better use the increase of money, handing out money is not a solution that holds good for all time. it could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life，”said qiao xinsheng, an economic professor.8.xing pu suggested that the government give out 1,000 yuan to each chinese because_.a.the poor should get help from the richb.the government should help the richc.the growing economic pie should be shared among the peopled.the government doesnt know how to use the money答案c解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he said his suggestion would allow everyone to directly enjoy the fruits of the countrys economic success, help the lower income groups deal with rising prices and increase consumption(消费) around the country.”可知，他说他的建议允许大家来享受国家经济成功的果实，故选c项。9.what has the government done to help the lower income group?a.spending less on public health care.b.increasing the agricultural tax.c.handing out money to every chinese.d.carrying out pro poor policies.答案d解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“recent years have seen the government carry out a series of pro poor (扶贫) and pro rural(惠农)policies, including increasing spending on public health care and calling off the agricultural tax.”可知，政府推出一系列的扶贫和惠农政策，包括增加公共福利投入，取消农业税，故选d项。10.according to some experts, what is better than giving out money?a.supplying food to everyone every day.b.cutting the price of energy use in daily life.c.controlling the rising of prices.d.increasing the government income.答案b解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”it could be better to improve the public service or cut the price of energy use in daily life.”可知，提高公共服务或减少日常生活中的能源价格是另外一些专家的观点，故选b项。11.xing pus idea of giving red packets to every chinese citizen mainly came from_.a.children receiving red packets from their familiesb.the us and singapore governments offering cash handouts to their citizensc.the governments increasing spending on public health cared.the rising prices in the country答案b解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“xing said while making the draft, he has borrowed many ideas from practices in countries like the united states and singapore.”可知，xing pu在起草这个意见的时候，他借鉴美国和新加坡这些国家的想法，故选b项。dboth of jessicas parents were lawyers and expected her to follow suit. so she went to law school，got a job at a great firm in washington，dc，and worked as a lawyer for a decade. but her heart was never in it. “i had a big salary but no personal satisfaction，”she says.jessica found pleasure in the same thing that had brought her joy since joining the church choir at the age of 12. “singing always felt like communicating something real at a spiritual and emotional level，” says jessica. yet she never considered it a career option. “that seemed like something people did in fairy tales，and i would never let my parents down，”she says.it was her moms diagnosis of brain cancer in 2009 that made jessica realize she had to write her own happy ever after. “work was busy and my mother was ailing. so i was flying back and forth from washington，dc to houston to see her，”jessica says.“i finally said，enough！and quit.”while caring for her mom，jessica made a plan. she would spend her savings and study music for a year，and then open a parttime law practice so she could pursue her passion. before her mother passed away two years later，she encouraged jessica to follow her dream. her song live this life was inspired by her mom，and her dad came to watch her perform at clubs.in 2012，jessica moved to nashville to try singing and songwriting. a decade of presenting cases in court gave her the confidence to sing for a crowd. “at 20，i would have been too s