译林版高中英语选修8学案：难句透视 Unit1　.doc

三、难句透视1.they are novels,plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written and wellreceived that people still read them today.经典文学作品是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，很受欢迎，直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。【剖析】主句为：they are novels,plays and poems.“that were written a long time ago and were so welltoday”为定语从句，修饰先行词novels,plays and poems。在定语从句中，第一个and后承前省略了that。在这一部分中，又出现了“so well written and well received that people still read them today.”这一结果状语从句。sothat如此以至于he was so excited that he couldnt speak.他兴奋得连话都说不出来。we have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.我们已做好安排使得每天总有我们中的一人在值班。如果前后句子主语一致，也可用soas to替换。the window are so small as not to admit much light at all.窗户很小，光线不能充分透进来。【归纳】（1）sothat常用的句型有：so+adj./adv.+that从句so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句so+much/little（少）+不可数名词+that从句相似的用法有；such+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+that从句such+adj.+复数可数名词+that从句such+adj.+不可数名词+that从句（2）sothat句型中,so可置于句首，这时句子要把助动词提到主语之前，构成部分倒装。活学巧用1.1）单句改错（1）it was so difficult a question that we couldnt work out._答案：work it out（2）she has such few friends that she is always lonely._答案：suchso2）单项选择（1）it is _work of art that everyone wants to look at it.a.a so unusualb.such an unusualc.so unusuald.such unusual提示：由后文“it”可知work of art为一件艺术品。答案：b（2）it was_that we wanted to stay here for another two days.a.such fine weatherb.such a fine weatherc.so fine weatherd.so fine a weather提示：weather为不可数名词。答案：a（3）(2005江苏高考，35) _ about wild animals that they decided to make a trip to madagascar for further research.a.so curious the couple wasb.so curious were the couplec.how curious the couple wered.the couple was such curious提示：so位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。答案：b2.pip,who is seven years old when the story begins,is in a misty field of tombs when a man appears and frightens him.故事开始时，7岁的皮普正在一片薄暮笼罩的坟场，这时一个男人出现了，这个男人使他害怕。【剖析】who is seven years old when the story begins作非限制性定语从句，修饰pip。when a man appears and frightens him中“when”意为“这时”。when表“这时”时，常用于下列句式：sb.be doing sth.whensb.be about to do sth.whensb.be on the point of doing sth.when【归纳】when的用法：当时候it was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.他到达工地时，正在下雪。一就well start when the team leader comes.队长一来，我们就出发。如果turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.如果机器发生故障，就把电闸关上。虽然he usually walks when he might ride.虽然有车可坐，他通常总是步行。既然；考虑到why did you write in pencil when you know you should write in ink?既然你知道用钢笔写，为何还用铅笔呢？活学巧用2.单项填空（1）he was walking along the sands_ he saw a big footprint in the sand.a.whileb.whenc.asd.which提示：sb.be doing sth.when“某人正干什么这时”。答案：b（2）(2005上海高考，34) he transplanted the little tree to the garden_it was the best time for it.a.whereb.whenc.thatd.until提示：when引导时间状语从句，句意是：“他在最适宜的时节，把小树移植到花园里。”答案：b（3）(2005福建高考，24) did jack come back early last night?yes.it was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.a.beforeb.whenc.thatd.until提示：when引导时间状语从句。句意是：“他到家时还不到八点。”区别：it was at eight oclock that he arrived home.（强调句）答案：b（4）you can turn to him for help _you need help.a.whenb.whilec.befored.until提示：句意“如果你需要帮助可以向他求助。”when作“如果”讲。答案：a3.what it really means to be a gentleman is an important theme in great expectations.成为一个真正的绅士意味着什么，这是远大前程的一个重要主题。【剖析】what it really means to be a gentleman是主语从句，what作means的宾语。【归纳】（1）主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有：连词that,whether；连接代词who,that,which；连接副词when,where,how,why等。其中that不作句子成分。如：what he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。when we shall have our sports meet is still a question.我们什么时候开运动会还是个问题。（2）主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构：it is+名词+that从句it is a fact(a shame,a pity,no wonder,good news,)thatit is+形容词+that从句it is necessary(strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,)that这类主语从句中，谓语动词多数为“（should）+动词原形”。it is+过去分词+that从句it is said(reported,decided,)thatit+不及物动词+that从句it seems(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out,)thatit is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光沿直线运行。活学巧用3.单项填空（1）（经典回放）after yang liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.a.whereb.whatc.thatd.how提示:what作do的宾语，从句what our astronauts desire to do作主句的主语。答案:b（2）it is pretty well understood _controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.a.thatb.whenc.whatd.how提示：从句中缺少主语，排除b、d两项。that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，排除a项。答案：c（3）（经典回放）_