译林版高中英语选修8学案：词汇详解 Unit2　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.universal adj.普遍的；共通的；公认的;宇宙的;全世界的【典型例句】such problems are a universal feature of the elderly.这类问题是老年人的通病。agreement on this issue is almost universal.对这个问题全体人员几乎取得一致的意见。【相关链接】活学巧用1.用universal,universally,universe,university及universality完成句子（1）the theory does apply_.(放之四海皆准)答案:universally（2）he is hoping to_(上大学)next year.答案:go to university（3）their proposal met with almost_(一致的)condemnation.答案:universal（4）are there other_(其他星系)outside ours?答案:universes2.splendid adj.极佳的；非常好的【典型例句】what a splendid idea!这主意妙极了！he has a splendid castle in europe.在欧洲他有座豪华的别墅。the hotel stands in splendid isolation,surrounded by moorland.那旅馆岿然独立，周围是一片荒原。【相关链接】splendour n.豪华；壮丽；雄伟；华丽（pl.）壮丽景色；恢弘气势we went to europe and enjoyed the splendours of rome.我们到了欧洲并欣赏了罗马的壮丽景色。splendidly adv.豪华地；雄伟地you all played splendidly.你们都表现得很出色。活学巧用2.单项填空(1)the girl likes the_of the sunset.a.splendourb.splendidc.splendoursd.splendidly提示:句意为：“这个女孩非常喜欢落日壮丽的景色。”splendours“壮丽景色；宏伟气势”；splendour也是名词表“壮观，华丽”。答案:c(2)they went out for a picnic.they had _time.a.a splendidb.splendidc.splendoursd.a splendours提示:have a splendid time=have a good time.答案:a3.star vt. 由主演；由担任角色；使成为名星n.星；明星；主角；最优秀（成功，出色）的；星相【典型例句】sirius（天狼星）is the brightest star in the sky.天狼星是天空中最明亮的一颗星。she is to star in a new film.她将主演一部新片。my favourite film stars marilyn monroe.我最喜欢的影片是由玛丽莲梦露主演。he was the star performer at the championships.他是那届锦标赛上的最佳运动员。do you read your stars in the paper?你读不读报上的星相版为自己算命？活学巧用3.单项填空（1）the new film directed by zhang yimou_a new actress.which of the following is wrong?a.stars byb.is starred byc.will be starred byd.will star提示:star是一个及物动词，意思是：“由主演；由担任角色”；star sb.“使主演；使成为主角”。答案:a（2）we camped_.a.in the starsb.under the starc.in the stard.under the stars提示:under the stars“在星光下；露天”。答案:d4.cast(cast,cast) v.投掷；抛；扔；选派角色；分角色；描写成；把表现为；使怀疑；造谣中伤n. 演员；模子；铸件；外观；外表【典型例句】the sad news cast a shadow over the family.这个不幸的消息使全家蒙上了一层阴影。what she did cast doubt on her words.她的所作所为使人对她的话产生了怀疑。the thief cast himself as an angel.小偷把自己描绘成天使。he claimed to have the power to cast out demons.他宣称有驱魔的神力。i dislike the arrogant cast to her mouth.我不喜欢她傲慢的口吻。【相关链接】cast your mind back to回顾；回想cast about/around for sth.苦苦思索；四处寻找cast sth./sb. aside抛弃某人（物）be cast down by sth.因不愉快；沮丧cast sth. out 将驱逐;赶走cast sth. off解缆起航；丢弃；抛弃cast sb. as sth./in sth. 将描述成cast doubt on/upon 使人怀疑；造谣中伤活学巧用4.1）单项填空（1）the public were quick to cast her_“the other woman”.a.inb.intoc.ond.for提示:句意为：“舆论很快把她描述成第三者。”cast sb. as sth. 或cast sb. in sth. “把描述为（表现为）”。答案:a（2）her words cast serious doubt_her attitude to the matter.a.onb.overc.withd.about提示:cast doubt on/upon 意思是“对怀疑”。答案:a2）完成句子（1）his words_ (使我们想起那些日子)when we lived together.答案:cast our minds back to the days（2）she _ (绞尽脑汁寻找)a proper way to settle the problem.答案:casts about/around for（3）the boss soon_ (抛弃了妻儿).答案:cast off his wife and children5.fall in love 相爱；坠入爱河；喜欢；喜爱(=be in love)【典型例句】they fell in love with each other.他们彼此相爱。he is in love with his motherland.他热爱自己的祖国。【相关链接】send/give ones love to sb.向某人问候（致意）love from(用于信的结尾署名前)爱你的first love第一爱好for the love of为了起见；看在面上for love nor money(=never)决不；无论怎样也不活学巧用5.单项填空（1）i love_to dance but today i dont love_out dancing.a.to go；gob.go；to goc.going；to god.to go；going提示:love用法同like一样，后跟v.ing表示长期行为，跟to do表示具体的某一次行为。答案:c（2）i would love her_and live with us.a.to comeb.comec.comingd.comes提示:would love 用法同would like，后面只用动词不定式作宾语和宾语补足语，即would love to do sth.或would love sb. to do sth.。答案:a6.be drunk with 醉心于；沉溺于；由于忘乎所以【典型例句】my family are drunk with joy.我们全家陶醉在欢乐之中。he is a workaholic and he is drunk with his work.他是个工作狂，他总是沉浸于工作。【相关链接】be/get drunk醉酒he is so disturbing that he is always drunk.他如此心烦意乱因此他经常醉酒。活学巧用6.完成句子（1）she was_(酩酊大醉)to remember anything about the party.答案:too drunk（2）when he heard that he was accepted by beijing university,he _(沉醉在成功之中).答案:was drunk with success(3)his only way of dealing with all the troubles was _(出去喝得烂醉).答案:to go out and get drunk7.break ones promise食言；收回承诺（=break ones word）【典型例句】the government never broke its promise of lower taxes.政府兑现减税的承诺从不食言。you broke your promise that you wouldnt tell anyone about this.你违背了不把这件事告诉任何人的诺言。i was so busy that i broke my promise that i would help you with your english.我很忙不能帮你学英语了。【相关链接】promise n. 许诺v.答应；允诺；预示he promised the money to his sons.他答应将这笔钱给儿子们。the minister promised to look into the matter.首相答应调查这件事。the young man promised to be a good manager.这个年轻人有望成为一名优秀的经理。a heavy snow promises a good harvest year.瑞雪兆丰年。promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.答应某人某物promise to do sth. 答应干某事promise sb. to do sth.向某人许诺做某事promise+that从句答应make a promise 许下诺言break a promise 食言keep a promise=keep ones promise信守诺言carry out a promise履行诺言promise vt.有希望的 promising adj.有出息的活学巧用7.单项填空（1）a new bicycle was what father_me as my birthday present.a.designedb.supportedc.acceptedd.promised提示：promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.“许诺某人某物”。答案:d（2）the clear sky_fine weather.lets go swimming.a.promisesb.wantsc.expectsd.allows提示：promise意为“有希望；有可能;预示”，后面可接to be+n./adj.，也可省略to be。答案:a(3)-nancy is not coming again.-but she_.a.promisedb.promisesc.will promised.had promised提示：对话的时间是现在，但答应的时间在对话之前，所以应用一般过去时。答案:a（4）-dad,you said you would buy me a new bicycle several days ago.-yes,its my_if you do better in your exam.a.ideab.realityc.promised.fact提示：promise用作名词，意为“诺言”。答案:c8.terrify vt.恐吓；使感到恐怖【典型例句】what he did terrified everyone.他的举动让每个人吓了一跳。the girl was terrified of the worm.这个女孩怕虫子。she tried to hold back her tears,terrified of crying out.害怕哭出声来，她拼命忍住眼泪。his travel in africa is a terrifying experience.他的非洲之行是一次可怕的经历。【知识小结】terrified adj.对感到恐惧；害怕的terrifying adj.可怕的；令人害怕的be terrified of/at sth.对感到恐惧be terrified of doing sth. 害怕干be terrified that从句活学巧用8.1）完成句子（1）im _ (害怕失去你).答案:terrified of losing you（2）he _ (想到一个人在家里就感到害怕).答案:was terrified at the thought of being alone in the house(3)it was_ (一次可怕的经历).答案:a terrifying experience2)单项填空he was terrified that he _.a.would fallb.fellc.was fallend.had fallen提示:句意为：“他害怕跌倒。”由句意知为过去将来。答案:a9.torture vt.拷打；严刑逼供；折磨；使痛苦/焦急/煎熬n.拷问；酷刑；折磨；折磨人的事；痛苦【典型例句】the guilty feeling tortured him day and night.那种内疚白天黑夜地折磨着他。he was tortured into giving in.他受不住酷刑被迫屈服。the failure in his career was sheer torture for the young man.对这个年轻人来说，事业的失败使他备受煎熬。he accepted all the things under torture.在严刑拷问下，他承认了所有的事情。【相关链接】tortured adj.遭受重创的；备受煎熬的9.单项填空（1）he spent his life_by the memories of his childhood.a.tortureb.torturingc.to tortured.tortured提示:句意为：“童年的记忆使他痛苦了一辈子。”“tortured by the memories of his childhood”作伴随状语，而torture意思是“使痛苦；使折磨”与“he”是被动关系。答案:d（2）when he was a child,he_in the second world war.he spent his childhood in prison.he had a_childhood.a.tortured;torturedb.tortured;torturingc.was tortured;torturedd.was tortured;torturing答案:c10.affection n. u感情；喜爱；爱慕关心（复）爱情【典型例句】children need a lot of love and affection.孩子需要多加关爱。anne showed her affections to anclrew.安妮向安德鲁表达了她的爱情。【相关链接】affect vt.影响；侵袭；感染；打动；使悲伤；假装affecting adj.深深打动人的；感人的；激起怜悯的affected adj.假装的；做作的affectionate adj.亲昵的；表示关爱的【辨析】affect &. effect.affect vt.影响某人某事（不作名词）effect n.作用；影响vt.实现；产生does television affect childrens behaviour?does television have an effect on childrens behaviour?电视对孩子的行为有影响吗？this medicine effected a cure.这种药产生疗效。活学巧用10.完成句子（1）your opinion_ (不会影响我的决定).答案:wont affect my decision(2)she_ (受到爱戴)by her students.答案:was held in deep affection(3)i_(非常喜欢)living with children.答案:have a great affection for(4)_(她的强装笑颜)suggested that she hated his behaviour and was angry with it.答案:her affected smile(5)_(这个感人至深的故事)deeply affected everyone here.答案:the affecting story(6)he_(亲昵地抚摸着他的儿子)on the head.答案:affectionately touched his son(7)the new policy of the government_(将给人民生活带来巨变).答案:will effect a great change to the peoples life11.stage vt.上演；表演；举行；组织，策划；使发生，使出现 n.时期；状态；阶段；程序；步骤；舞台；戏剧；领域【典型例句】china is playing an important part on the international stage. 中国在国际舞台上正发挥着重要作用。liu dehua is a popular star of stage and screen.刘德华是舞台及银幕上的明星。china is on the best stage of economic development.中国正处于经济发展的最佳时期。the project will be carried out in stages.这个项目将按步骤进行。the price staged a recovery.价格又开始回升。next week well stage a ceremony to celebrate the partys foundation.下周我们将举行一个仪式来庆祝党的建立。the workers staged a strike against lower pay.工人罢工要求加薪。【辨析】stage,condition,situation,& positionstage状况；状态condition环境；情况；形势；条件situation处境；境遇position位置；场所活学巧用11.1)完成句子（1）many teenagers dream_(梦想当演员).答案:to go on the stage（2）china has begun to _(活跃在国际政治舞台上)since 1949.答案:act on the international political stage（3）the technology is still_(处于开发的早期阶段).答案:on its early stages(4)_(一度)it seemed as if they would win.答案:at one stage(5)next scene,harm let will_(上场).答案:be on stage(6)his hard working_(为他事业的成功铺平了道路).答案:has set the stage for success in his career(7)which city will_(申办下届奥运会)？答案:stage the next olympic games2)单项填空school children must be taught how to deal with dangerous_.a.statesb.conditionsc.situationd.position提示：dangerous situation“危险的境地”。答案：c12.direct vi. & vt.导演；指挥；指导命令adj.亲自的；直接的；直率的；嫡系的adv.直接；径直【典型例句】the army was directed to march on.部队奉命继续前进。the customers can direct the complaints to the customer service department.顾客可将投诉直接寄往客户服务部。can you direct me the way to the station?你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗？steven,spielberg directed the famous film.史蒂文斯皮尔伯格导演了这部著名的电影。there is a direct train to shanghai this afternoon.今天下午有一列直达上海的火车。i told all the things to him direct.我亲自（直接）把所有的事和他说了。【相关链接】(1)direct sth. to将（信封）寄到；交予（2）direct sb. to为某人带路；领某人（3）direct sb. to do sth.命令（指挥；指导）某人做（4）direct sth. to (towards) sb./sth. 或direct sth. at (against) sb./sth.把对准某人（某个方向）【辨析】direct & directlydirect作副词，意思是“径直地；直接地”。directly作副词，着重指对事物的直接影响，不着重实际距离。活学巧用12.完成句子（1）a new manager has been appointed_(来管理这个项目).答案:to direct the project（2）the accident was_(由于疏忽造成的直接后果).答案:a direct result of carelessness(3)this is_ (与你昨天和我说的截然相反).答案:the direct opposite of what you told me yesterday(4)please give me_ (一个直截了当的回答).答案:a direct answer(5)the police officers_(奉命搜查这幢大楼).答案:have been directed to search the building(6)nowadays china_(把注意力转到经济建设上来了).答案:has directed its attention to the economic construction (7)his behaviour_(直接影响了孩子).答案:directly affected his child(8)he rushed out_(一听到有人喊“救命”).答案:directly he heard someone crying for help13.conductor n. （乐队）指挥;售票员;列车长;导体【典型例句】he worked as a conductor.他当售票员。he is the conductor of the concert.他担任这场音乐会的指挥。【相关链接】conduction n.传导conductive adj.导电的conduct v.组织；安排；执行；实施；指挥；引导；带领；举止；表现；传导n.行为；经营方式；管理方法a survey on population has been conducted.人口调查已进行过。the headmaster conducted us around the school.校长领着我们参观了一下校园。you conducted yourself in this exam better than last time.你这次考试比上次好。you must pay more attention to your professional conduct.你一定要注意一下你的职业行为。the company is changing their conduct.公司正在改变经营策略。活学巧用13.1)完成句子（1）they hold a concert by the philharmonic orchestra,_(由指挥)by sir colin davis.答案:conducted（2）the guide_ (带领我们参观了古罗马废墟).答案:conducted us around the ruins of the ancient rome（3)yesterday,our football team_ (在赛场上的表现出人意料的好).答案:conducted better than we expected on the football match（4)_(这家公司的经营方式)must be improved.答案:the conduct of this company(5)as students,we must have_(严格的行为规范).答案:a strict code of conduct(6)copper_（是一种最好的导电材料）.答案:is one of the best conductive materials14.condemn vt.判刑；宣判；谴责；指责；使某人处于困境；宣告危险；证明有罪【典型例句】he was condemned in prison for ten years.他被判十年徒刑。he was condemned to live with a sense of guilt.他伴着悔恨，艰难地生存着。the government has condemned the building.政府宣布此楼不能居住。【相关链接】condemn sb./sth. as/for由于原因指责condemn sb. to death判某人死刑condemn sb.to sth.迫使某人处于境地to do sth.迫使某人干活学巧用14.1）单项填空the murderer_.a.was condemned to death as killing his wifeb.condemned to death for killing his wifec.was condemned death as killing his wifed.was condemned to death for killing his wife提示:condemn sb. to death for“由于原因判某人死刑”是一个固定用法。答案:d2）完成句子because of pollution,this area_(被宣告不宜居住).答案:was condemned as unfit to live in15.apply v.求职；办手续；使用；涉及；努力；勤奋；压住【典型例句】he has applied to join the army.他已报名参军。apply some medicine to your wound in case of infection.在伤口上涂点药以防感染。this matter applied to some of you.这件事与你们中的几个人有关系。he applied himself to succeeding.他使出浑身解数终于成功了。apply the pressure to the wound!按住伤口！【相关链接】apply to sb./ for sth.向某人（书面）申请；请求apply sth. to sth.把应用于上apply to sb./sth.涉及到某人（物）apply oneself to sth./to doing sth.努力；勤奋干applied adj.应用的；实用的application n.应用；使用；申请；申请书活学巧用15.1）完成句子（1）he_ (已向美国申请护照).答案:has applied to america for a passport(2)the new technology_(在农业生产中得到了广泛应用).答案:was widely applied in agriculture(3)he_(费尽心思找到一个办法)to pass the driving examination.答案:applied his mind to finding a way(4)his newest works_(涉及)the second world war.答案:apply to(5)_(他的护照申请)was refused.答案:his passport application2)单项填空he applied himself_the work in time.a.to finishb.finishc.finishingd.to finishing答案：d16.decline n.减少；下降；衰落vi.衰弱；衰退；谢绝【典型例句】the number of the wild animals begins to decline because of the destruction of the forests.由于森林被破坏，野生动物的数量开始下降。we invited them to dinner but they declined.我们请他们赴宴但他们婉言谢绝了。her health was declining rapidly.她的健康状况迅速恶化。【相关链接】decline in sth.在方面下降fall into a decline开始衰落decline to do sth.拒绝干be in decline 在下滑；在衰退活学巧用16.完成句子（1）industry in britain_(一直在走下坡路)since the 1970s.答案:has been in decline（2）the government officer_(对于这起受贿案拒绝评论).答案:declined to comment on this bribe(3)the glory of the ancient rome_(起初开始衰落，最后消失了).答案:began to decline at first,then disappeared17.pray v.祈祷；祷告；企盼；盼望adv.（用于询问或指示）请问；请prayer n.祈祷；祈求；愿望【典型例句】let me pray to god for you.我向上帝为你祈祷。he prayed to be forgiven.他祈求宽恕。i prayed that i could pass the driving exam.但愿我能驾驶考试过关。they say the prayers for the sick baby.他们为生病的孩子祈祷。my prayer is that one day we can travel abroad.我的祈盼就是有一天我们也出国旅游。【知识小结】pray(to sb.) for sth./sb. 为（向某人）祈祷pray that 但愿（后面从句用与将来相反的虚拟语气）【相关链接】in answer to ones prayer某人的祈祷应验了17.1）完成句子(1)she_ (向上帝祈求)an end to her sufferings.答案:prayed to god for(2)what she wanted was realized as if_(她的祈祷灵验了).答案:in answer to her prayer（3）_(他们的祷告灵验了)and their lost cow was found.答案：their prayers were answered（4）they_(跪地祈祷)for their sons sickness.答案：knelt in prayer2）单项填空all the parents prayer is that one day their children_a good future.a.haveb.will havec.would haved.could have提示:当prayer作主语时，后面的表语从句用真实语气，由one day知用将来时态。答案:b18.cut short使中止；中断；打断；制止【典型例句】the company cut the plan short.公司中断这个计划。his speech was cut short by a strong cough.他的讲话被一阵剧烈的咳嗽打断了。you must cut short the unhappy marriage.你得结束这不幸福的婚姻了。【相关链接】cut across影响；符合;适应于cut away切除；删去；砍掉cut through抄近路cut sth. back=cut back on sth.削减；缩减cut sb. down杀死某人cut sth. down砍倒；缩小（尺寸，数目）cut in on插话cut off中断（电话）；切断；中止cut out熄火；删除；剪下cup up打伤；使悲伤；切碎活学巧用18.单项填空（1）he is in hospital for six months.he felt as if he was_from the outside world.a.cut outb.cut offc.cut upd.cut through提示:cut a off from b“使a与b隔绝”；cut out“切出；开辟”；cut up“切碎”；cut sb. up“挫伤某人”；cut through“开辟”。答案:b（2）with the electricity _,all the machines stopped.a.cut offb.cut downc.was cut offd.was cut down提示:cut off“中止；停止”。答案:a19.appeal n.上诉；申诉；吸引力；感染力；呼吁；请求；启发；打动v.上诉；申诉；引起兴趣；呼吁；请求；启发；劝说【典型例句】the beatles have never really lost their appeal.甲壳虫乐队的魅力经久不衰。the headmaster made an appeal to help the student.校长呼吁大家帮助这个学生。the criminal is appealing against the accusement.这个囚犯要对指控提出上诉。the pu