译林版高中英语选修8学案：难句透视 Unit3　.doc

三、难句剖析1.the sad thing is that although vangogh devoted his whole self to painting,he only sold one painting before he died in 1890.令人悲伤的是尽管凡高把毕生的精力都奉献给了绘画，但在1890年他死之前却只卖了一幅画。【剖析】本句的主语是the sad thing,系动词是is,that引导了一个表语从句，表语从句是一个带有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句。before he died in 1890是时间状语从句，修饰he only sold one.【典型例句】that he broke the glass is quite clear.很显然是他打破了玻璃。（主语从句）the boy dreamed （that） he was flying to the moon.那男孩梦见他在飞向月球。（宾语从句）all i can tell you is （that） he gives me some cake every day.他每天给我一些蛋糕吃，这就是我能告诉你的一切。【归纳】that引导表语从句时，它在句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分，并且一般不省略。that在主语从句和同位语从句中的作用，只起连接作用不充当任何成分并且不能省略。that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分多数情况下可以省略，但如果宾语从句不止一个，则后面的that不能省略。（非正式文体除外）活学巧用1.1）句型转换（1）she happened to have some money with her that day.it _ _ she had some money on her that day.答案:happened that（2）that light travels in straight lines is known to all._ _ _ _ all that light travels in straight lines.答案：it is known to2)单项填空（1）it is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today.a.thatb.whenc.whatd.how提示：本题中it是形式主语，真正的主语是what引导的从句，本题中主语从句缺少主语，所以不能用that（在主语从句中不充当句子成分），也不能用how与when（副词不能作主语）。答案：c（2）what made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.a.becauseb.thatc.whatd.why答案：b2.although we adore his work today,vangogh was not successful while he was alive.虽然我们现在非常喜欢他的作品，但凡高活着的时候却没有成功。【剖析】本句是一个带有although引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句，主句vangogh又跟了一个while引导的时间状语从句。【归纳】although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still连用。while引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,while也可以引导让步状语从句。although he is very old,（yet）he is quite strong.他虽然年纪大了，身体还是很强壮。my wife kept silent while i was writing.当我写的时候，我的夫人就默不作声。while he was respected,he was not liked.他虽然受到尊敬，但没有人喜欢他。活学巧用2.单项填空（1）why did jane stopped trying?i dont know.she stopped trying _ she might have succeeded next time.a.whenb.asc.ford.while提示：句意为“简为什么停止努力了？我不知道。尽管下次她有可能成功但她却停止努力了”。本题考查让步状语从句,while引导让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句时，需要把表语、副词、分词等提前。答案：a（2）_life pace continues to speed up,we are quickly losing the art of enjoyment.a.withb.whenc.asd.while提示：空格处应表示“随着”，只有as与with表示此意，with不接句子。答案：c3.when you have made the face,you can take a photo of it,so that you can keep your unusual picture forever.当你做完了比萨饼面具时，为了能永久地保持这张不平常的画，你可以给它拍张照片。【剖析】本句中when引导的是时间状语从句，主句是you can take a photo of it,so that 引导目的状语从句。【归纳】so that 可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时常与情态动词连用，并且可以与to,in order to,so as to进行互换。so that引导结果状语从句时，在从句中不使情态动词；引导目的状语从句一般则使用情态动词如：speak louder so that everybody may hear you.声音再高点好让每个人都能听清楚。he got up very early,so that he caught the early bus.他起床很早，结果赶上了早班车。活学巧用3.单项填空（1）john shut everybody out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.a.whichb.whenc.so thatd.as if提示:约翰把大家都关在厨房外，是为了为晚会准备他的惊喜之作。用so that表示目的。答案:c（2）i always take something to read when i go to the doctors _ i