译林版高二英语选修8学案：Unit1Section I.doc

unit 1the written word词汇poetry n. 诗歌fiction n. 小说；虚构的事characteristic n. 特征，特点adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的novelist n. 小说家opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院abuse vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的bent adj.弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的n天赋，爱好live up to 达到，符合(期望)violence n. 暴力，暴行resist vi.& vt. 反抗，抵制，抵挡worn out adj. 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的brand new adj. 全新的，崭新的rescue n&vi.&vt. 救援，营救intend vt.&vi. 打算，计划，想要句型1.“so/such.that”引导结果状语从句2make宾语宾补3would rather do.than do.4表示喜欢、厌恶的动词之后加it，后接if/that/wh从句5what引导主语从句6unless引导条件状语从句7where引导定语从句语法否定陈述写作写一篇文学评论考向such；make宾语宾补；hate it if its not clean；主语从句；unless；where；compare；否定陈述等charles dickens，the greatest representative(代表) of english critical realism(批判现实主义)，was born in 1812 at portsmouth.when he was four years old，his family moved to chatham，and the five years he spent there was the happiest of all his boyhood.in 1821 the dickens family moved to a poor quarter in london.mr.dickens was heavily in debt.finally he was taken to the prison for debt.shortly afterwards mrs.dickens and the younger children went to the prison，too，to join the father.the 12yearold charles was sent to work in a factory.work there began at eight in the morning and ended at eight at night.he spent sundays at the prison，and during the week he was out working all day.his miserable life at the factory left an everlasting，painful brand on the boys mind.years later，when he was a man，he would not walk by the place where the factory had lain.all this had a deep influence on dickens thought and works in after years.charles dickens visited america in the fall of 1867.wherever he went，the reception was always the same.the night before tickets went on sale，crowds arrived and lined up before the door.by morning the streets became campgrounds with men，women，and children sitting or sleeping right there.in new york city，over 5000 people waited from nine oclock in the morning for the evening performance.everywhere the readings were successful，but audiences were surprised to hear their favorite novel characters speak with an english accent.after 76 readings，dickens got on a ship for england.when his fellow passengers requested a reading，he replied that rather than read a word，he would assault(殴打) the captain and be put in prison.appreciating literature细节理解1 in the end，_ is more important for pip.awealth bfriendshipceducation dmoney2 which one doesnt belong to charles dickenss works?aoliver twistbdavid copperfieldcgreat expectationsdthe merchant of venice主旨大意3 mist is a symbol of _in great expectations.adanger and uncertaintybeducation and moneycdanger and happyddanger and money细节理解4 the twist in the plot of great expectations is _.athat pip lives with his sisterbthat a very generous stranger gives pip a lot of moneycthat pip meets with estelladthat pip moves to london5 great expectations is set in _.aengland in the early 1800sbparis in the early 1800scengland in the late 1800sdparis in the middle 1800s.robert burns and his poetry细节理解1 which is not burns work?ato a mousebthe holy fairca red，red rosedode to a nightingale2 the romantic movement started around _ and lasted until about _.a1780；1830 b1750；1770c1750；1850 d1770；1870主旨大意3 the romantic poets often used _as a theme in their poetry.anature bflowercfarming ddeath推理判断4 in a poem，the_expressed is(are)more important than the language used.aemotions bhappinesscsorrows danger细节理解5 robert burns is a poet of _.aengland bscotlandcireland dfrance答案：.1.b2.d3.a4.b5.a.1.d2.a3.a4.a5.bpart welcome to the unit，reading & word power1they are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.(page 2)经典文学作品是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。1)结构剖析主句为“they are novels，plays and poems”。“that were written a long time ago and were so well.nowadays”为定语从句，修饰先行词novels，plays and poems。在定语从句中，又出现了“.so well written that people still read them nowadays.”这一结果状语从句。2)so/such.that引导结果状语从句he was so excited that he couldnt speak.他兴奋得连话都说不出来。we have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.我们已做好安排，所以每天我们总有一人在值班。mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，我们都相信他。it is such fine weather we all want to go to the park.天气这么好，我们都想去公园。he earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣钱这么少，不能养活他的家庭。(1)如果前后句子主语一致，引导结果状语从句的so.that也可用so.as to.或such (.) as to替换。the windows are so small asnot to admit much light at all.窗户那么小，以致光线不能充分透进来。(2)在“so.that.”句型中，“so adj./adv. ”位于句首时，主句谓语动词要用部分倒装。so excited was he that he couldnt speak.他如此兴奋以致不能说话。,11)长难句翻译in spite of all his efforts he failed.he was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.译文：_2)(1)句型转换we were such fools that we believed him.we were_ _ _ _ believe him.(2)单项填空pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language.aas bthatcwhich dwhereit is _ work of art that everyone wants to look at it.aa so unusual bsuch an unusualcso unusual dsuch unusualpeter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit chongqing.awhere bthatcwhy dwhenso sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.adid the attack bthe attack didcwas the attack dthe attack wasthe weather was _ cold that i didnt like to leave my room.areally bsuchctoo dsoi havent seen ann for _ long that ive forgotten what she looks like.asuch bverycso dtoo2.this makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.(page 2)这让许多人认为名著阅读起来很困难，因此它们经常被遗忘在书架上布满灰尘。此句中使用了“make宾语宾补”这一常用结构，其中宾语补足语可以用名词、形容词、动词的过去分词或不定式来充当，以表示宾语的情况或动作。marx made london the base for his revolutionary work.马克思把伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。our english teacher always tries his best to make his classes lively and interesting.我们的英语老师总是想方设法使他的课既活泼又有趣。he raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高声音以便使别人听到他的话。you may take a horse to the water，but you cant make him drink.牵马到河边易，逼马饮水难。make之后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但当make用于被动语态时，不定式前须带to。she was made to sing us a song at the party.在那次聚会上，我们让她唱了首歌。2.1)用动词的适当形式填空(1)what made you _ (think) so?(2)when you speak english，be sure to make yourself _ (understand)(3)he was made _ (stay) after school by the teacher.(4)this dress makes me _ (look) fat.2)单项填空(1)helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.amaking herself hearbto make herself hearcmaking herself hearddto make herself heard(2)the poor light made _ hard _.a/；for us to find the tiny ink markbthe tiny ink mark；for us to findcthe tiny ink mark；for us to be founddit；we will find the tiny ink mark(3)as the busiest woman in norton，she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.athis bthat cone dit3.three years later，in 1998，a modern adaptation of charles dickenss novel great expectations appeared in cinemas.(page 2)三年后的1998年，根据查尔斯狄更斯的小说远大前程改编的现代版影片在影院上映。adaptationn. 改编；改写；适应this is a screen adaptation of shakespeares macbeth.这是莎士比亚的麦克白的电影改写本。desert species need the adaptation to the hot conditions.沙漠物种需要适应炎热的环境。(1)adapt vt.改编；适应adapt.to.使适应；(使)适合we had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不迅速适应新体制。(2)adapt sth.for sth.为改编；adapt.from.从改编为three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的小说中有三部已改编成电视剧。(3)adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养，领养all three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。adopt a child领养孩子3.1)翻译句子(1)she made a good adaptation to her new post._(2)our school has adopted a new teaching method._(3)the play has been adapted from a novel._(4)all his suggestions have been adopted._2)单项填空(1)it took him a while _ himself _ his new surroundings.ato adapt；to bto adopt；tocadapting；to dadopting；to(2)the old couple decided to _ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.aadopt badaptcbring dreceive(3)the good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.aadapt bappealcattach dapply4.pips sister often abuses him，.(page 3)皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，abuse vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用 n. 滥用；妄用；虐待；辱骂all the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。journalists covering the case have been threatened and abused.报道此案的新闻记者遭到了恐吓和谩骂。he abused his body with heroin.他因吸服海洛因把身体搞垮了。when i gave her some advice on her work，she gave me a stream of abuse.a child abuser一个虐待儿童的人abusive adj. 恶语的；毁谤的；虐待的4.1)翻译词组(1) abuse ones power _(2) abuse animals _(3) abuse drug _(4) to shout abuse _2)完成句子(1)她滥用自己的职权将工作安排给朋友们。she_ _ _ by giving jobs to her friends.(2)他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。he was arrested on charges of corruption and _ _ _.3)单项填空it has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and positions to get illegal profits for themselves.aemploy btake cabuse doverlook5. .，but joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to pip.(page 3)但是乔是一个淳朴、善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。would rather do.than do.宁愿而不愿she would rather stay at home than go shopping.她宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物。i would rather borrow money from the bank than turn to you for help.我宁愿向银行借款也不愿向你求助。would you rather eat at home or go to a restaurant?你愿意在家吃饭，还是在外面的餐馆吃？(1)“宁愿而不愿”的表达would do.rather than do.prefer to do.rather than do.prefer doing/n. to doing/n.(2)would rather sb.did sth.宁愿某人现在或将来做某事i would rather you told me the news now.我宁愿你现在告诉我这个消息。(3)would rather sb.had done sth.宁愿某人过去做了某事5.单项填空(1)rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle.aride；ride briding；ridecride；to ride dto ride；riding(2)i would rather you _ me now.apaid bpaycwill pay dare paying(3)i would rather you _ here yesterday.acame bcomecshould come dhad come(4)im sure youd rather she went to school by bus，_？ahadnt you bwouldnt youcarent i ddidnt she(5)do you mind if i open the window?_ i feel a bit cold.aof course not.bid rather you didnt.cgo ahead.dwhy not？6.pip dislikes it when joe comes to visit him in london.(page 3)当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普很不高兴。it经常被放在表示喜欢、厌恶的动词如love，like，appreciate，enjoy，prefer，hate，dislike之后，后接if/that/wh从句，it代指从句中所提到的内容。i dont like it when you speak to your mother like that.我不喜欢你那样对你妈说话。i will appreciate it if you can help me.如能帮忙，我将不胜感激。i hate it when someone speaks with his mouth full of food.我讨厌人们嘴里塞满食物时说话。she doesnt enjoy it when her husband drives fast.她不喜欢她丈夫开快车。ait指物，也可代替this，that。bit指时间、距离、天气、情况等。cit指不明性别或性别无关紧要的人或婴儿。dit用作形式主语或形式宾语。eit用于一些特殊结构如强调结构。it is cold here in the house.这房子里很冷。who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？its me.是我。is it a boy or a girl？这是个男孩还是女孩？it is easy to solve the problems.解决这些问题很容易。it is only two years since i got to know him.我只认识他两年。6.单项填空(1)_ seems that he has left for home.athis bitcthat dwhich(2)i hate _ when you always complain.athat bthiscit dwhat(3)you can depend on _ he will keep his promise.athat it bit thatcit it dthat that(4)oh，_ you.i never thought i would see you here.aits byourecthat is dits(5)ive read another book this week.well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.athis bthatcthere dit(6)human body has the ability to kill virus to protect _.ait bthemchimself ditself(7)i like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but i dont have enough money to buy _.aone bit cthis dthat7.pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning estellas love.(page 3)皮普决心要成为一名绅士，赢得埃斯特拉的爱。bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的；决心的n. 天赋，爱好just as the twig is bent，the tree is inclined.弯曲的树苗长成弯曲的树。he has a bent for art.他爱好艺术。bent on (doing) something决心做某事(通常指坏事)he was bent on making them happy.他一心想让他们幸福。follow ones bent 凭某人兴趣做事7.1)完成句子(1)这弯曲的金属片能自己变直。the_ strip can straighten up by itself.(2)他决心要写完他的随笔。hes_ _ completing his essay.(3)他总是凭兴趣做事。he is always _ _ _.2)翻译句子she is bent on becoming a film star when she grows up._8.what it really means to be a gentleman is an important theme in great expectations.(page 3)什么是真正的绅士，这是远大前程的一个重要主题。what it really means to be a gentleman是主语从句，what作means的宾语，it为形式主语，to be a gentleman为真正的主语。what引导主语从句what i need are more books.我所需要的是更多的书。what he wants is money.他想要的是钱。it isnt known what he has done.人们不知道他做了什么。what引导主语从句时，在主语从句中作一个句子成分，意为“什么；所的”，相当于一个名词加一个定语从句；what从句作主语，若主句中动词是系动词时，谓语根据表语来判断；同时，我们还可用it作形式主语，把what从句放到后面。what除了可以引导主语从句外，还可引导表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，但注意what不引导定语从句。8.1)翻译句子nobody knows what will happen next._2)单项填空(1)_ we cant get seems better than_ we have.athat；what bwhat；thatcthat；that dwhat；what(2)what we want to say _ two words “thank you.”ais barecwere dhave been(3)when asked _ they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.awhat bwhycwhom dwhich(4)it is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over.asince bwhatcwhen dwhether9.in a persuasive essay，the author tries to convince the reader to adopt a certain point of view.(page 3)在劝说性的文章中，作者尽力地说服读者接受某种观点。convincevt.使信服；使相信；说服i cannot convince myself that she has failed.我无法让自己相信她失败了。i couldnt convince him of his mistake.我无法说服他认识错误。i am absolutely convinced that the plan will work.我绝对相信这项计划是可行的。we convinced anne to go by train rather than plane.我们说服了安坐火车去，不要搭飞机。convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的she couldnt show us convincing evidence.她无法给我们出示令人信服的证据。the data we have collected is not enough to be convincing.我们所收集的证据还不足以令人信服。convinced adj.确信的；信服的convince sb.of sth./that劝服某人相信某事be convinced of sth./that某人被劝服相信某事comnvince sb.to do sth.劝服某人去做某事9.1)翻译句子(1)he made a convincing speech._(2)im convinced that i am right._2)单项填空(1)although he offered her a high salary，he couldnt _ her to accept a position with his firm.aadvise bpersuadecconceive dconvince(2)his appearance has _ the fans of a sure victory for the houston rocket in the coming nba contest.aaccused bexpectedcconvinced dpersuaded3)句型转换i am convinced that he is honest.i _ _ _ _ _.10.，and then with finn going to a rich and crazy womans house to be estellas companion. (page 5)，后来芬恩去了一个富有却疯狂的女人家去当埃斯特拉的伙伴。companion n. 旅伴；伴侣；陪伴；伙伴，同伴；成对的物品之一tom was my companion on the journey.汤姆是我的旅伴。fear was the hostages constant companion.人质一直都感到恐惧不安。wo became companions in misfortune.我们成了患难之交。(1)company n. u陪伴；做伴；客人 c公司；一群人keep pany陪伴某人；做伴in company with sb.与某人一起be good (bad) company是有趣(乏味)的伙伴(2)accompany vt.陪伴accompany sb.to.陪某人去10.1)翻译句子(1)a dog is a faithful companion._(2)where is the companion to this sock?_2)单项填空(1)i11 keep _ company while you are waiting.ayour byoucyours dthe(2)i used to have a _ to that vase，but i broke it.acompany baccompanyccompanion dcommunity(3)it is said that dogs will keep you _ as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.asafety bcompanychouse dfriend11.，as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.(page 5)，因为它可能不符合你的期望。live up to符合，不辜负(期望)；遵守，实践(诺言、原则等)you must live up to your promise.你必须实践自己的诺言。the players failed to live up to their coachs expectations of them.选手们辜负了教练对他们的期望。his wife was so clever that he felt that he could never live up to her.他妻子非常聪明，他感到自己无法比得上她。11.1)完成句子他忠实地实践了他的诺言。he faithfully_ _ _ his promise.2)单项填空the wto cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.aas long as bwhilecif deven though12.her novel pride and prejudice was chosen as “nations bestloved book” in bbcs big read in 2003.(page 7)她的小说傲慢与偏见在2003年的英国广播公司举办的大阅读活动中被评选为“全国最受喜爱的书”。prejudice n. 偏见；成见vt.使怀有偏见；有损于their decision was based on ignorance and prejudice.他们的决定建立在无知和偏见的基础上。i must admit to a prejud