学人教版必修二Unit 2English Around the worldPeriod5Using Language学案（16页）.doc

2018学年度人教版必修二unit 2english around the worldusing language 【单元基础词汇句式搜索】.单句语法填空1the chairman of the meeting commanded that everything _(should)_be_prepared_ (prepare) before the meeting starts.解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：会议主席命令在会议开始之前一切要准备就绪。command后的宾语从句谓语动词用“should do/be done”，should可以省略。2more safety measures _are_requested_(request) to be taken to improve road safety.解析：句意：人们要求采取更多的安全措施来改善道路安全。request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，此处是其被动语态。3i could tell that he was very sad from the _expression_(express) on his face.解析：expression“表情”。句意“从他脸上的表情我可以看出他很伤心”。4they are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life _as_ you are.解析：句意：他们在生活中所面临的挑战和问题跟你所面临的一样。the same. as. “与一样/相同”。5they have left for shanghai. why did they change their plan?that is _because_ there will be a snowstorm tomorrow according to the weather forecast.解析：句意：他们已动身去上海。他们为什么改变计划？那是因为根据天气预报明天会有暴风雪。thats because.那是因为。6since the road _was_blocked_(block) with heavy snow, the supplies for the supermarket couldnt arrive on time.解析：句意：因为大雪挡住了道路，超市的供货不能按时到达。the road与block是被动关系，此处需用谓语形式。7no pains, no gains; after all, there is no _such_ thing as a free lunch in the world.解析：句意：不劳无获；毕竟，世上没有免费的午餐。no such thing相当于not such a thing。8more and more people have got to know the importance of the english study. believe _it_ or not, about six people in ten in this city are able to speak english.thats great.解析：句意：越来越多的人已经开始意识到学英语的重要性。信不信由你，这个城市中十个人中有六个能够说英语。真是太好了。believe it or not “信不信由你。”.完成句子1there _is_no_such_man_ in our neighborhood.我们社区没有这样的人。2london olympic games _are_recognized_as_a_great_success_.伦敦奥运会被认为是一个了不起的成功事件。3vegetables are _playing_an_important_part_in_ helping people keep healthy.蔬菜在帮助人们保持健康方面起着重要作用。4_as_we_all_know_，the birds nest is so beautiful that it attracts tourists at home and abroad.众所周知，鸟巢太美了，吸引了国内外的游客。5she has just _bought_the_same_car_ as her brother did last year.她刚买了一辆和她弟弟去年买的一样的小汽车。6the public requested that company _should_not_make_the_young_students_work_ for them.公众要求这家公司不应该让年轻学生为他们工作。7so many celebrities are crowding to hong kong. what has happened?那么多的名人都在涌向香港。发生了什么事。_this_is_because_ the famous singer is to hold a wedding soon.这是因为那位著名歌星马上要举行婚礼了。8the person in charge of the meeting commanded that _we_should_work_out_the_result_of_ the election in an hour.大会负责人命令我们一个小时后把竞争结果整理出来。9the scenery in my hometown is beautiful _beyond_expression_.我家乡的景色美得无法形容。10look! the street _is_blocked_by_a_block_of_stone_.看！这条街被一块石头堵住了。【二】单元知识高考试题链接pop stars today enjoy a style of living which was once the prerogative only of royalty. wherever they go, people turn out in their thousands to greet them. the crowds go wild trying to catch a brief glimpse of their smiling, colorfully dressed idols. the stars are transported in their chauffeur driven rolls-royces, private helicopters or executive aeroplanes. they are surrounded by a permanent entourage of managers, press agents and bodyguards. photographs of them appear regularly in the press and all their comings and goings are reported, for, like royalty, pop stars are news. if they enjoy many of the privileges of royalty, they certainly share many of the inconveniences as well. it is dangerous for them to make unscheduled appearances in public. they must be constantly shielded from the adoring crowds which idolize them. they are no longer private individuals, but public property. the financial rewards they receive for this sacrifice cannot be calculated, for their rates of pay are astronomical.and why not? society has always rewarded its top entertainers lavishly. the great days of hollywood have become legendary: famous stars enjoyed fame, wealth and adulation on an unprecedented scale. by todays standards, the excesses of hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular. a single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did. the competition for the title top of the pops is fierce, but the rewards are truly colossal.it is only right that the stars should be paid in this way. dont the top men in industry earn enormous salaries for the services they perform to their companies and their countries? pop stars earn vast sums in foreign currency often more than large industrial concerns and the taxman can only be grateful fro their massive annual contributions to the exchequer. so who would begrudge them their rewards?its all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and rewards of others. people who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg. for every famous star, there are hundreds of others struggling to earn a living. a man working in a steady job and looking forward to a pension at the end of it has no right to expect very high rewards. he has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. but a man who attempts to become a star is taking enormous risks. he knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. he knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. but he knows, too, that the rewards for success are very high indeed: they are the recompense for the huge risks involved and if he achieves them, he has certainly earned them. thats the essence of private enterprise.1.the sentence pop stars style of living was once the prerogative only of royalty meansa their life was as luxurious as that of royalty.they enjoy what once only belonged to the royalty.c they are rather rich.d their way of living was the same as that of the royalty.2.what is the authors attitude toward top stars high income?a approval.disapproval.c ironical.d critical.3.it can be inferred from the passagea there exists fierce competition in climbing to the top.people are blind in idolizing stars.c successful pop stars give great entertainment.d the tax they have paid are great.4.what can we learn from the passage?a successful man should get high-income repayment.pop stars made great contribution to a country.c pop stars can enjoy the life of royalty.d successful men represent the tip of the iceberg.5.which paragraph covers the main idea?a the first.the second.c the third.d the fourth.vocabulary1.prerogative 权力，（尤指）特权2.chauffeur 受雇开车人，（尤指富人、要人的）司机3.entourage 随行人员，伴随者，近侍；建筑物周围4.astronomical 庞大的，天文的5.adulation 奉承6.gramophone 灌音7.colossal 巨大的8.exchequer 国库，财源 exchequer bond 国库债券9.begrudge 感到不快/不满，忌妒10.humdrum 平淡的，单调的11.moan 呻吟声 moan about 发牢骚难句译注1.the prerogative of royalty或the royal prerogative 皇家的特权（再英国指国王名义上享有不经议会认可而采取行动的权力）。2.people turn out in their thousands to greet them.【结构简析】turn out露面、集合、出席。ex: a vast crowd turned out to watch the match.大批观众到场观看比赛。【参考译文】成千上万的人们出来欢迎他们。3.the great days of hollywood have become legendry.【参考译文】好莱坞鼎盛时期成了神话。4.by todays standards, the excesses of hollywood do not seem quite so spectacular.【参考译文】按今天的标准来看，好莱坞的奢华（过分的行为）似乎并不那么引人注目。5.a single gramophone record nowadays may earn much more in royalties than the films of the past ever did.【参考译文】今天单张录音唱片挣的版税要比过去一步电影还要多得多。写作方法与文章大意作者以对比、因果写作手法，写出歌星享受者贵族般生活方式，出门受千万人群欢迎，出入高级车、机，身后保镖、经纪人、新闻记者，来去都有报道，这一切是社会对高级演员的慷慨赠予。公司的高级人员享受高薪，歌星也应享受。再则顶尖歌星冒有很大风险。答案详解1.b 他们享受一度只属于贵族享用的一切。第一段集中谈了这些：他们走到哪里，成千上万人们出来欢迎，却中发疯地要看一眼穿着花哨的偶像的笑容。这些歌星坐着司机开动的rolls-royces汽车、私人直升飞机，高级长官飞机到处走，永远围着一批经纪人、报界记者和保镖随从人员。他们的照片定期登在报刊上，因为歌星象贵族一样是新闻人物。a.他们的生活和贵族一样奢侈。c.他们很富。d.他们的生活方式和贵族生活方式一个样。2.a 赞成。在第一段最后一句：“他们为他们的牺牲所获取的报酬难以计算，支付率惊人。”第二段一开始就点明“为什么不惊人？社会对高级表演者总是慷慨解囊。好莱坞的鼎盛时期名扬天下，著名歌星先手空前绝后的名、利、奉承。”第三段更明确指出：应该这样支付星族，这完全正确。企业中的顶尖人物因为他们为公司和国家所作的一切不也挣得高额工资？税务员应感谢他们每年为国库做出了巨大的贡献。所以谁会忌妒他们的报酬呢？最后一段进一步说明：欲成为星族的人冒着很大的风险，谁都知道只有一小撮人能成为顶尖人物，也可能多年的努力以彻底失败而告终，而成功的报酬确实很高，这是对他们冒险的补偿。这些内容都说明作者赞成巨额报酬。a.不同意。c.讽刺的。d.批评的。3.a 在攀登顶峰中存在着激烈的竞争。这在第三段最后一句明确指出：获取顶尖的流行歌星的称号竞争激烈，但其报酬确实惊人。最后一段的风险说。还有最后一段第二句：说忌妒话的人应记住：最有名的星族代表的只是冰山之巅人极少。每个成名的歌星身后就有成千上百个其他歌者为生存而奋斗。这都说明“竞争激烈”。b.人们盲目崇拜偶像歌星。c.成功的流行歌星演出给人极大的享受。d.他们支付的税收巨大。4.d 成功者只是冰山的顶尖少极了。a.成功的人应当获得高收入。b.流行歌星对国家做出巨大贡献。c.流行歌星能享受贵族生活。5.d 第四段。主旨句是倒数第一、二句，成功的报酬确实很高，这是对其高度风险的还报补偿，如果他成功了，他肯定挣得多。那就是私人事业的根本/本质。a.第一段。这段之对比了贵族和歌星的生活方式。b.第二段。这段讲了挣得多，但竞争激烈。c.第三段。歌星和企业顶尖人物对比。passage four (examinations exert a pernicious influence on education) we might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a persons knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. it really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. for all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. they may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a persons true ability and aptitude. as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. that is because so much depends on them. they are the mark of success of failure in our society. your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. it doesnt matter that you werent feeling very well, or that your mother died. little things like that dont count: the exam goes on. no one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. the moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. can we wonder at the increasing number of drop-outs: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students? a good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself. the examination system does anything but that. what has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize. examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming. they lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms. teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise. the most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress. the results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner. examiners are only human. they get tired and hungry; they make mistakes. yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time. they work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates. and their word carries weight. after a judges decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiners. there must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a persons true abilities. is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? this is what it boils down to in the last analysis. the best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall: i were a teenage drop-out and now i are a teenage millionaire.1.the main idea of this passage isa examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.examinations are ineffective.c examinations are profitable for institutions.d examinations are a burden on students.2.the authors attitude toward examinations isadetest.approval.c critical.d indifferent.3.the fate of students is decided bya education.institutions.c examinations.d students themselves.4.according to the author, the most important of a good education isa to encourage students to read widely.to train students to think on their own.c to teach students how to tackle exams.d to master his fate.5.why does the author mention court?a give an example.for comparison.c it shows that teachers evolutions depend on the results of examinations.d it shows the results of court is more effectise.vocabulary1.pernicious 有害的，恶性的，破坏性的2.knack 窍门，诀窍3.embark 乘船，登记4.write off 勾销，注销。确认某食物已损失或无效5.syllabus 教学大纲6.cram 塞入，把某物塞进，突击式学习（尤指应考），以注入方式教人7.duress 威胁，逼迫8.stack 堆，垛9.scrawl 写/画（的内容不工整，不仔细）潦草的笔迹，七扭八歪的字10.script 讲稿，剧本，脚本，笔试答卷11.cynical 愤世嫉俗的，自私得为人不齿的12.boil down 熬浓，浓缩，归纳难句译注1. for all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.【参考译文】尽管所有那些虔诚的说法说考试能测定你所知道的东西，但其结果常常是适得其反，这是众所周之的常识。2. as anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.【结构简析】second to none固定搭配，义：不亚于任何人或事物。【参考译文】（测）考试作为忧虑的制造者，真是出类拔萃。3. induce cramming诱人采用突击式学习方式。cram尽力塞入，应试突击学习。ex: cram for a chemistry test.为应付化学考试而临时抱佛脚。cram pupils以填鸭式教学生。4. yet you have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.【参考译文】他们不得不在限定的时间内，给一大堆匆忙涂写而成的笔试答卷批分。5. and their word carries weight.【参考译文】可他们的话/文字（这里指分数）有份量（有影响）。6. this is what it boils down to in the last analysis.【参考译文】这就是最终分析所归纳的一切。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇类似分类写作的文章。罗列了考试种种恶果。作者首先指出考试难以测定人的真正能力和水平，反而是适得其反。二是考试是忧虑的制造者，因为它决定了人的成败命运。三是考试促使学校进行应试技巧教育，否定了教会人独立思考、扩大视野。四是教师或者说测试人又累又饿，犯错误，还得在限定时间披阅成堆的试卷，他们的压力和考试者一样很大，而他们的话分数有份量，审判官的裁决，你有权上诉，而他们的裁决一笔定终身。 最后引用“辍学者成为百万富翁”来点明测试这种形式对教育的坏影响。答案详解1. a 考试对教育具有有害的影响。文章第一段就点明：考试是测试记忆的好方法，是测试在巨大压力下快速工作的技巧的好方法，却测不出一个人的真正能力和水平。第三段集中指出：考试不是促进学生广泛阅读，反而限制其阅读；考试不能使学生追求更多的知识，而是诱导学生进行应付考试的突击式学习。他们降低了教学水平，因为他们剥夺了老师的一切自由。常常以考试结果而不是所教课程来评定老师，是他们不得不以他们所轻视的考试技巧来培训学生。第二段和第四段也涉及其后果。b.考试无效。这是考试后果的一个方面。c.考试对教育机构有利。这也是一个方面。d.考试对学生是一种负担。2. c 批评的。第一段中作者明确指出，考试方法依旧，不能测出人的能力和水平。第二段点名，这种无用的考试决定人生的成败。第三段说考试最成功的考试者经常不是最佳的受教育者，他们是在胁迫下最佳获得考试技巧者，而好的教育应能培养人的独立思考。第四段涉及阅卷者又累又饿，常犯错误，不得不在限定时间披阅一大堆匆忙中七扭八歪写出的卷子。最后一句“我过去是一个是来岁的辍学者，现在我是一个年轻的百万富翁”画龙点睛地指出，考试指挥下的教育的失败。这一切都说明作者对考试的批评态度。a.嫌恶，厌恶。此答案从意义上说是对的。但语法不通，因为这是个东西，而is后要求是名词或形容词。b.赞成。d.漠不关心的。3. c 考试。答案在第二段，考试是最终忧虑制造者，那是因为许多事情取决于考试：它们是我们社会中成功或失败的标志。你的未来可能全取决于这决定性的一天。a.教育。b.教育机构。d.学生自己。4. b 培养学生进行独立思考。第三段第一句话点明：好的教育应该是培养学生自己独立思考。a.鼓励学生广泛阅读。教学生如何应考。c.教学生如何应考。d.掌握自己命运。5. b 作对比，答案在最后一段倒数第二句“审判官裁决后，你有权力上诉，而披阅考卷人给分后，学生可没有上诉权”后面又谈及“一想到考试只对进行考试的机构有礼，未免太自私了。这酒是最终分析归纳的东西。”所以作者呼吁，可定还有许多更简便，更有效的评估人真正能力的方法。a.给出一个例子。c.表示老师是由考试结果评定好坏。这是第三段讲的不分内容，教师他们自己常由考试结果而不是所教课程优劣来评定。所以他们不得不对学生进行应试技巧教育，降低教学水平。d.表明审判官裁决更有效。passage five (killing in the name of god ugandan deaths spotlight rise of cults) how could faith beget such evil? after hundreds of members of a ugandan cult, the movement for the restoration of the ten commandments of god, died in what first appeared to be a suicidal fire in the village of kanungu two weeks age, police found 153 bodies buried in a compound used by the cult in buhunga, 25 miles away. when investigators searched the house of a cult leader in yet another village, they discovered 155 bodies, many buried under the concrete floor of the house. then scores more were dug up at a cult members home. some had been poisoned; others, often-young children, strangled. by weeks end, ugandan police had counted 924 victims including at least 530 who burned to death inside the sealed church exceeding the 1978 jonestown mass suicide and killings by followers of american cult leader jim jones that claimed 913 lives. authorities believe two of the cults leaders, joseph kibwetere, a 68-year-old former roman catholic catechism teacher who started the cult in 1987, and his “prophetess, ” credonia mwerinde, by some accounts a former prostitute who claimed to speak for the virgin mary, may still be alive and on the run. the pair had predicted the world would end on dec. 31, 1999. when that didnt happen, followers who demanded the return of their possessions, which they had to surrender on joining the cult, may have been systematically killed. the ugandan carnage focuses attention on the proliferation of religious cults in east africas impoverished rural areas and city slums. according to the institute for the study of american religion, which researches cults and sects, there are now more than 5,000 indigenous churches in africa, some with apocalyptic or revolutionary leanings. one such group is the jerusalem church of christ in nairobis kawangwara slums, led by mary snaida-akatsa, or “mommy” as she is known to her thousands of followers. she prophesies about the end of the world and accuses some members of being witches. one day the brought a “special visitor” to church, an indian sikh man she claimed was jesus, and told her followers to “repent or pay the consequences.” most experts say africas hardships push people to seek hope in religious cults. “these groups thrive because of poverty,” says charles onyango obbo, editor of the monitor, an independent newspaper in uganda, and a close observer of cults. “people have no support, and theyre susceptible to anyone who is able to tap into their insecurity.” additionally, they say, aids, which has ravaged east africa, may also breed a fatalism that helps apocalyptic notions take root. some africans turn to cults after rejecting mainstream christian churches as “western” or “non-african.” agnes masitsa, 30, who used to attend a catholic church before she joined the jerusalem church of christ, says of catholicism: “it