高考英语译林版必修一语法精析探究 讲义：Unit 3 Period Two Word版含答案.doc

period twoword power & grammar and usage.重点单词1athlete n运动员2effect n效果，作用；影响3affect vt.影响；(病毒)感染；打动，使感动4achievement n成就achieve v达到，完成5post n(在网上发布的)帖子.重点短语1get hurt受伤2come up(事情或时间)即将发生3on ones own独自地4keep healthy保持健康5side effect副作用6fall out(头发等)脱落7take the risk冒险.重点句式1while的用法some sports are usually done indoors，while others are done outdoors.有些体育项目通常在室内进行，而另外一些却在室外进行。2the same (.) as.和一样()i just read your post and would like to tell you about my brother，who had the same problem as your friend.我刚看到你的帖子，我想告诉你的是，我弟弟和你朋友有着相同的问题。重点词汇1hmm，maybe i dont want to get hurt.嗯，也许我不想受伤。get hurt受伤get changed 换衣服get dressed穿上衣服get married结婚get lost迷路get burnt被烧伤，被烫伤(1)im afraid you cant have time to get changed before the party.在聚会前恐怕你没时间换衣服了。(2)hurry up！there is little time for you to get dressed.快点！你几乎没有时间穿衣服了。(3)if you get lost in the new city，you can give me a call.如果你在这个新城市里迷路了，可以给我打电话。易混辨析getv.ed，bev.edgetv.ed着重表示动作，不可延续，因此不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。bev.ed着重表示状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。(4)he got excited when he heard the news.听到这个消息，他很兴奋。 (5)the old couple have been married for about twenty years.这对老夫妇已经结婚二十多年了。2if you like sports that you can do on your own，then try dancing，shooting or aerobics.如果你喜欢独自做的运动，那么你可以尝试跳舞、射击或者有氧健身运动。易混辨析on ones own，of ones ownon ones own意为“单独，独自；无需帮忙地，靠自己”，常用作状语。of ones own意为“属于某人自己的”，作后置定语，意思相当于ones own，不过后者作前置定语。选词填空on ones own，of ones own(1)do you have a room of your own?(2)i will try my best to finish the job on my own.3however，they have side effects，which will damage your health.但是，它们有副作用，这将会损害你的健康。(1)effect n效果，作用；影响have an effect on/upon对有影响come into effect实施，实行take effect生效，实行in effect事实上(2)effective adj.有效果的；起作用的(1)the medicine will soon take effect.这种药很快就会见效。(2)the government should take some effective measures to reduce pollution.政府应该采取一些有效的措施来减少污染。(3)the two systems are，in effect，the same.这两种制度实际上一模一样。单项填空(4)the new law has come into ；surely it will have on industry of the country.aeffects；an effectbeffect；affectceffect；an effectdan effect；an effect答案c解析come into effect与have an effect on均为固定短语。4after your friend taking this kind of pill for some time，his hair might fall out or he might have health problems，some of which may even affect his liver or heart.你朋友服用此类药物一段时间后，他的头发可能会脱落，或者他可能会有健康问题，有些问题甚至会影响他的肝脏或心脏。fall out(头发、牙齿等)脱落；(士兵)离开队列，解散fall out with sb.与某人吵翻/争吵fall behind落后；跟不上fall over跌倒fall off从上掉下来fall into the habit of养成的习惯(1)at the age of 50，his teeth began to fall out.50岁的时候，他的牙齿开始脱落。(2)if he walks too fast，he will fall over.如果他走得太快，就会摔倒。(3)dont fall into the bad habit of smoking.别沾染上吸烟的坏习惯。单项填空(4)hurry up！we still have 30 miles to cover before dark.ok.i will make every effort not to .afall for bfall behindcfall off dfall down答案b解析句意为：快点！天黑前我们还有30英里路要走呢。好的。我会尽力不掉队的。fall behind落后，跟不上，符合语境。一词多义写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(5)the climate affects the amount of the rainfall.影响(6)the disease affected his lungs.感染(7)his speech affected the audience deeply.打动易混辨析affect，effect二者同为“影响”，但affect是及物动词，effect为名词。affecthave an effect on。单项填空(8)i dont think the snow will our plan for a picnic.aaffect beffectclimit dinsist答案a解析句意为：我认为这场雪不会影响我们的野餐计划。affect是动词，意为“影响”，符合句意。effect作“影响”解时是名词；limit限制；insist坚持。5some athletes，whose achievements were great，died very young because they took this kind of pill.一些取得过辉煌成绩的运动员因为服用这种药而英年早逝。(1)achievement nc成就；成绩；u达到，完成make achievements取得成就a sense of achievement一种成就感(2)achieve v达到；完成；成功achieve ones goal实现某人的目标(1)he has made achievements as a musician.他是一位颇有成就的音乐家。(2)we felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain.当我们到达山顶的时候，有一种巨大的成就感。(3)he will never achieve anything if he doesnt work harder.如果他不更加努力工作，将会一事无成。(4)everybody should be given the chance to achieve their goals.要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。单项填空(5)they felt a great sense of to see their childrens .aachievement；achievement bachievements；achievements cachievement；achievements dachievements；achievement 答案c解析句意为：看到孩子们的成绩，他们有一种巨大的成就感。第一个空a great sense of achievement一种巨大的成就感，固定用法；第二个空所填之词意为“成就，成绩”，为可数名词，故用复数，所以选择c项。6i dont think your friend should take the risk.我认为你的朋友不应当冒险。(1)take/run the risk of doing sth.冒的危险at risk处于危险之中at the risk of.冒的风险(2)risk doing sth.冒的危险(1)i wondered if i was putting my life at risk.我想知道我是否正在把自己的生命置于危险境地。一句多译(2)他受到了赞扬，因为他冒着生命危险扑灭了大火。he was praised because he risked losing his life to put out the big fire.(risk v)he was praised because he took/ran the risk of losing his life to put out the big fire.(risk n)he was praised because he put out the big fire at the risk of losing his life.(risk n)经典句式1some sports are usually done indoors，while others are done outdoors.有些体育项目通常在室内进行，而另外一些却在室外进行。while conj.然而，但是，强调转折，表示对比。while的其他用法如下：(1)表示“在期间，当的时候”，引导时间状语从句，指一段时间，不能用来表示时间点。(2)意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，多放于句首。(3)while可作名词，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。如after a while“过了一会儿”，once in a while“偶尔，间或”等。(1)while the discussion was still going on，george came in.当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。(2)after a while，the train stopped at a station.过了一会儿，火车在一个站停了下来。一词多义写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思(3)the phone rang while i was cooking.当的时候(4)this shirt fits better while that one has a nicer designer.而，然而(5)i have been living here for quite a while.一段时间单项填空(6) teaching is often viewed as a hard and demanding(要求高的) job，some people are fond of it and consider it to be rewarding and worthy.(2018如东高级中学高一上期中)abecause buntilconce dwhile答案d解析because因为；until直到为止；once一旦；while尽管。句意为：尽管教学常常被认为是一项艰巨而要求高的任务，但有些人喜欢它，认为它是值得的。根据句意可知选d。2i just read your post and would like to tell you about my brother，who had the same problem as your friend.我刚看到你的帖子，我想告诉你的是，我弟弟和你朋友有着相同的问题。易混辨析the same (.)as.，the same (.)that.先行词之前有the same作定语时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能是as或that。the same (.) as.意为“和一样，和相似”，定语从句中的as所指代的人或物与先行词是同一类。the same (.) that.意为“和一样”，定语从句中的that所指代的人或物与先行词是同一个。(1)this is the same pen as i lost last week.这支钢笔同我上周丢失的那支一样。(不是同一支)(2)this is the same pen that i lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那支钢笔。(是同一支)单项填空(3)i bought a new dictionary，which is dictionary i lost the day before yesterday.athe same；that bthe same；ascsuch；as dsuch；that答案b解析句意为：我买了一本新词典，这本词典和我前天丢的那本一样。the same.as.指相似性，而the same.that.指同一性。.词形变换1children need a happy home environment for their healthy(health) growth.2its said that the measures they took were very effective(effect)3there are many who will work hard to achieve(achievement) these goals.4he knew i was energetic(energy) and would get things done.5what first attracted(attractive) me to her was her sense of humour.选词填空6he can do it on his own.7what the teacher says and does sometimes has a great effect on a child than that of his parents.8they are to get married next month.9my dads hair fell out when he was only 30.10mary couldnt take the risk of leaving her baby alone even for a short time.完成句子11虽然他爱他的学生，但是他对他们很严格。while/although/though he loves his students，he is very strict with them.12他提到一个笔友，那个笔友的名字我从来没有忘记。he spoke of a pen friend，the name of whom/whose name ive never forgotten.13我又一次来到了波士顿，我已经有十年没有到这来了。once more i am in boston，where i have not been for ten years.14这咖啡和我们在史密斯夫人家喝的一样。this coffee is the same as we had at mrs smiths.15学生们不许迟到，是吗？students mustnt be late，must they?.单项填空16tom rescued the child at the of his own life.adanger bexpensecrisk dcost答案c解析句意为：汤姆冒着生命危险救了那个孩子。at the risk of冒着的危险，为固定短语。17all the patients by this kind of influenza are separated from the outside.acaught binfectedcaffected daddicted答案c解析句意为：所有感染这种类型流感的病人都要与外界隔离起来了。affected by表示“被感染”，符合句意。catch后直接加疾病，常用catch cold；infect后接介词with，意为“染上某种病”；addicted后接介词to，表示“沉溺于”。18scientists believe the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health.aat bincon dby答案c解析句意为：科学家们认为大笑对身心健康有积极作用。 effect影响，效果，当表示“对产生影响”时，应使用介词on或upon。19what did jack tell you just now?he told me that his hair continued after taking this kind of weightloss medicine.aworking out bgoing outcfalling out dgiving out答案c解析考查动词短语辨析。句意为：杰克刚才告诉你什么了？他告诉我服用这种减肥药后，他的头发继续脱落。work out解决，算出；go out出去，熄灭；fall out(头发、牙齿等)脱落；give out分发，用尽。故选c。20good news never goes beyond the gate， bad news spreads far and wide.awhen bascwhile dbefore答案c解析考查连词辨析。句意为：好事不出门，坏事传千里。when当时候；as 因为；while然而；before在之前 。while然而，表示对比，故选c项。用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1bai yansong，whose broadcasting style is appreciated(欣赏) by lots of chinese people，is a famous host.2there are a total of 1,000 workers in this company，two thirds of whom are women.3many teenagers like to stay at home，where they can comfortably watch television or play computer games.4last week，my brother paid a visit to the village that/which he had once worked in for six years，which he will never forget.5when jordan was a child，he studied in a private school，which was named after his grandfather.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是对所修饰的词做进一步说明，去掉从句之后剩余部分意义仍然完整，非限制性定语从句需用逗号与主句隔开。last week i passed the examination，which was important.上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。2限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。3翻译限制性定语从句时，一般先译从句，再译先行词“的”；翻译非限制性定语从句，一般先译先行词，再译从句，形成两个分句。4限制性定语从句的先行词一般是单个的名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是单个的名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分或整个句子。5能引导限制性定语从句的关系词除that外，都能引导非限制性定语从句。tom sold his house，which made his father very angry.汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这(件事)使他父亲很生气。6在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词：the professor has two sons，both of whom are teaching in the same university.教授有两个儿子，他们在同一所大学教书。温馨提示as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：(1)which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如，就像”之意，而which则没有此意。(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，用来代替主句所表达的意思，可以放在主句之前或之后。as we all know，he studies very hard.正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。常用的这种类似的插入语句式有：as is said above，as is already mentioned above等。.反意疑问句反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句，这种问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，因此问句部分又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句式，附加疑问句则用否定句式；如果陈述句是否定句式，附加疑问句则用肯定句式。附加疑问句一般由“be动词/助动词/情态动词代词”构成。they didnt clean the classroom yesterday，did they?他们昨天没有打扫教室，是吗？如何把握反意疑问句的“多样性”？一、主语的变化1陈述部分的主语是表示物的everything，nothing，something，anything，that，this等时，疑问部分的主语用it。everything is ready，isnt it?一切就绪，对不对？2陈述部分的主语是these或those时，疑问部分的主语用they。these are very useful tools，arent they?这些工具很有用，不是吗？3陈述部分的主语是表示人的不定代词everyone，everybody，anyone，someone，somebody，no one，nobody等时，疑问部分的主语侧重全部时可用they，侧重个体时，也可用he。no one knows the answer，do they/does he?没人知道答案，对吗？4陈述部分的主语是一个短语或从句时，疑问部分的主语用it。doing morning exercise is good for ones health，isnt it?晨练对身体健康有益，不是吗？5陈述部分是表示“存在”的there be句型时，其疑问部分必须再现there，但不可说there是句子真正的主语。there was a lot of snow here last year，wasnt there?这儿去年下了很多雪，不是吗？二、谓语的变化1陈述部分谓语动词含有used to，疑问部分谓语可用didnt或usednt。grandpa used to get up early，didnt/usednt he?爷爷过去起得很早，不是吗？2陈述部分谓语动词含有ought to，疑问部分谓语可用oughtnt或shouldnt。he ought to know when to start out，oughtnt/shouldnt he？他应该知道何时出发，对不对？3陈述部分谓语动词含有must，疑问部分谓语要根据实际情况而定。(1)如果must作“一定，必须”讲，疑问部分谓语可用neednt或mustnt。she must leave for shanghai tomorrow，neednt/mustnt she？她明天一定去上海，对不对？/她明天必须到上海去，不是吗？(2)如果must表示推测，疑问部分谓语要根据must后的动词或具体的时间状语来决定。mum must be cooking now，isnt she?妈妈现在一定正在做饭，不是吗？三、几种特殊形式的变化1陈述部分是感叹句时，疑问部分通常用否定形式。what a good boy，isnt he?多好的一个男孩啊，不是吗？2陈述部分是祈使句且为肯定表达时，疑问部分用will/wont you；为否定表达时，疑问部分用will you。be a strong man，will/wont you?坚强些，好不好？3陈述部分是由lets引起的祈使句时，疑问部分常用shall we；由lets not引起的祈使句时，疑问部分常用all right；由let us引起的祈使句时，疑问部分常用will you。lets find ourselves and be ourselves，shall we?让我们发现自我，展现自我，好吗？4陈述部分含有表示否定意义的too.to.结构时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。the old lady was too moved to speak，was she?那位老太太感动得说不出话来，是吗？5陈述部分的谓语动词是由否定前缀或否定后缀构成的词，疑问部分仍然用否定形式。he dislikes watching tv，doesnt he?他讨厌看电视，不是吗？6陈述部分含有no，nothing，nobody，never，few，seldom，hardly，little，neither，nor等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分用肯定形式。few people knew the theory nowadays，did they?现在很少有人知道这个理论，对吗？1scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved.(2016浙江，11)awhom bwhichcwhat dthat答案b解析句意为：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个得到证实。分析句子成分可知，逗号后是“代词ofwhich/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词many theories，指物，故应用 which。2we will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.(2016天津，9)athat bwherecwhich dwhen答案d解析句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好些。先行词是next week，定语从句中缺少时间状语。故选d。3china today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about china.(2015福建，34)awho bwhomcthat dwhich答案d解析句意为：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导。4the number of smokers， is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏，21)ait bwhichcwhat das答案d解析句意为：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”，符合句意，故选d项。5until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.(2014四川，4)athat bwhichcwho dit答案b解析句意为：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。此题中which指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语。6i didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade， i went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)awhen bwherecwhich dwhy答案a解析句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树取下了一个卡在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the fifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。7i spent two weeks in london last summer.then you must have visited the british museum during your stay， you？(2014重庆，10)amustnt bhaventcdidnt dhadnt答案c解析答句句意为：那你在伦敦逗留期间肯定去看过大英博物馆，对吗？must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.？”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，结构为“didnt.？”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，故c项正确。8“you cant judge a book by its cover，” (2013新课标全国，33)aas the saying goes oldbgoes as the old sayingcas the old saying goesdgoes as old the saying答案c解析考查非限制性定语从句的语序。句意为：常言道，“人不可貌相。”as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，不用倒装。9a lot of language learning， has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period.(2012安徽，29)aas bitcwhich dthis答案a解析句意为：正如被发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在人生的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那个时期和孩子多说话。空白处所在句为非限制性定语从句，故b、d两项可排除。由句意知空格处的关系词指代a lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life这个句子。指代某个句子时，as引导的非限制性定语从句可后指或前指，而which引导的从句只能前指。此处为后指，因此a项正确。10there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent， ？(2012江苏，25)ais there bisnt therecis he disnt he答案a解析根据前面there be 句型里含有否定意义的词little可知，疑问部分用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选a项。.用适当的关系词填空1mr smith，whose native language is english，can speak chinese fluently.2we will be shown around the city，schools and some other places，where other visitors seldom go.3the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80% of which are sold abroad.4as is known to all，the moon travels round the earth once every month.5this is mr smith，who i think has something interesting to tell you.完成下列反意疑问句6i dont think tom has told you the news，has he?7you must have been caught in the traffic jam yesterday，didnt you?8neither of you will have coffee，will you?9she seldom argues with others，does she?10what a lovely day，isnt it?.完成句子11the boss，in whose company my father works(我父亲在他的公司里工作)，is a very kind man.12as is known to the world(全世界都知道)，mark twain is a great american writer.13we are social beings，none of whom can succeed(没有人会成功) without the help of others.14i went to the coffee shop near the school，where i discussed todays lesson with my friends(在那里我和朋友们讨论了今天的课程)15she dislikes the way you treat your stepsister，doesnt she(是吗)? .单项填空16for many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further， tokyo is an example.(2018泰州中学高一上期中)afor which bof whichcin which dfrom which答案b解析句意为：对于世界上的很多城市来说，已经没有空间进行进一步的拓展了，东京就是其中的一个例子。根据句意和结构可知这里用所有格of加上关系代词which引导定语从句，which指代上文的many cities。故选b。17howard beach is a mostly white neighborhood that is perhaps best known for a racial incident， a group of white teens caused the death of a black man.(2018扬州中学高一上期末)awhere bwhatcwhich dwhen答案a解析句意为：howard beach是一个以白人为主的社区，可能因一起种族事件而出名，在这个事件中一群白人少年导致了一个黑人的死亡。先行词是racial incident，在定语从句中作状语，指在这个事件中。故用关系副词where。18keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a babys body clock， researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.awhose bwhichcwhen dwhere答案b解析句意为：保持有规律的睡眠计划对于调整婴儿的生物钟很重要，研究人员指出，到孩子大约4个月大的时候应该调整到位。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用which引导，故选b项。19im sure youd rather she went to school by bus， ？ahadnt you bwouldnt youcarent i ddidnt she答案b解析句意为：我确定你宁愿让她坐公交车去学校，是不是？此处考查的是im sure引导的从句的反意疑问句，应该是与后面的从句保持一致；在从句中涉及到了would rather的虚拟语气的使用，但并不影响反意疑问句的生成，故用wouldnt you即可。故选 b项。20we believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any internet dating site is beneficial to matching people together， ？ais there bdo wecdont we disnt there答案a解析在反意疑问句中，若陈述句为“i/we (dont)think，believe，suppose，feel等表示意见、想法、猜测的动词宾语从句”，简单问句的主语和谓语动词应同宾语从句的主语和谓语动词保持一致。本句中believe的主语是we，其后的简单问句的主语及谓语动词取决于从句的主语和谓语动词，由此排除b、c两项；由于从句中有否定词no，所以简单问句要