【考点突破】人教版高中英语必修三学案：Unit1 Festivals around the world语法篇.doc

unit1 festivals around the world语法篇_掌握本单元重点语法-情态动词，并能熟练应用情态动词相关语法解决相应的语法练习一、 重点语法：情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。本单元学习情态动词的用法。1. may 与might的用法情态动词用法例句may与might表示允许、许可。否定答语一般要用mustnt，表示“禁止、阻止”之意。- may i watch tv after supper?- yes, you may. / no, you mustnt.在表示请求、允许时, might比 may的语气更委婉一些。在日常口语中，用can征询对方意见更为常见。-might i use your telephone?- yes, please.- may / can i go home now?- yes, you may / can.表示可能性的推测，含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意，用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。what he said may be true.she may come tomorrow.he might have some fever.2. can与could的用法情态动词用法例句 can与could表示能力some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.表示客观的可能性it will be sunny in the daytime, but it could rain later on this evening.表示请求和允许- can i go now?- yes, you can. 表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更加婉转could you wait a few day for the money?could you please show me the way to the station?表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中）can this news be true?it cant be the headmaster. hes gone to beijing.how can you be so foolish!3. will与would的用法情态动词用法例句 will与would用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去i will never do that again.they said that they would help us. 表示请求、建议等，用would比用 will委婉、客气些will you please take a message for me?would you please pass him the book?表示习惯性动作，译为“总是”“惯于”。will指现在，would指过去fish will die without water.every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 表示预料或猜想it would be about ten when he left home. i thought he would have told you about that. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不乐意”no matter what i said, he wouldnt listen to me.4.shall与should的用法情态动词用法例句shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见what shall we do next?shall i do the washing-up?when shall my brother be able to leave hospital?用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁you shall go with me. ( 命令)you shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允诺）he shall be punished.（威胁）should表示劝告或建议，作“应该”讲we should be strict with ourselves.you should keep your promise. 表示推测，作“可能”、“该”讲the roads should be less crowded today. i should have finished reading it by friday.why / how + should结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思，译为“竟会”why should you be so late today?（你今天怎么来的这么晚？）i dont know why you should think that i did it.（我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。）5. must, may (might) 和can表示“推测”的用法情态动词用法例句must只能用于肯定句，表示可能性很大的一种推测，作“肯定”“一定”讲(1)- look, someone is coming. who can it be?- it may be the headmaster. -it cant be him. he has gone to shanghai. - then it must be mr. zhang. he looks like the headmaster.(2)- what can they be talking about? -they may / must be talking about the question raised at the meeting.(3)- can they have finished the work? - yes, they may / must have finished it. - no, they cant have finished the work so soon. - then they must have played so much. may /might用于肯定句中（可能，或许，大概）；用于否定句中（可能不）。表示可能性较小的一种推测can表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句中6.should与ought to用法对比点shouldought to1表“应该”表劝告、建议you should listen to the doctors advice.we should learn from zhang hua.“有责任有必要”做某事you ought to finish your work before you go home.we ought to help each other.2表“估计”they should get home by now.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”if we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注意：1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2) 注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式-ought he to go? -yes, i think he ought to. -no, he oughtnt to. 否定式：oughtnt to do (不说ought to not do)反疑问句：oughtnt _?7.need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式 he need not (neednt) go.-need we do it again?-no, you neednt do it again.he dare not say so.dare she go out alone at night?how dare you say im unfair?if he dare do that, hell be punished.i dare say. (固定用法)2.实义v.+to do 1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑问式he needs to go.he doesnt(does not) need to go.does he need to do it again?no, he doesnt need to do it again.he dares to say.he does not (doesnt) dare to say.if you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare i.3. did not need to do表示过去没必要做she didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加)8. used to与would用法used towould1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。i used to play cards a lot, but now i seldom play.my hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。i would go to see my grandfather on sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词he used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换：when we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用：( ）we went to the great wall five times when we were young.( x ) we used to go / would go to the great wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可写作usent)疑问式： did you use to do? didnt you use to do? used you to do? usednt you to do?例1.（2014北京卷27.）_ i have a word with you? it wont take long.a. can b. must c. shall d. should解析：本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can i？表示询问对方是否允许。如：can i use your dictionary? 我可以使用你的字典吗？答案：a。例2.（2014大纲卷）30. although you _ find bargains in london, its not generally a cheapplace to shop.a. should b. need c. must d. can解析：should应该，竟然；need需要；must必须，一定；非得，偏偏；can能够，可能，有时会；根据句意“尽管你有时可能会在伦敦找到便宜货，但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方。”根据句义可知can表示有时可能，有时会；答案：d。例3.（2014湖南卷）-ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.-do you mean we_ bring anything with us?a. cant b. mustnt c. shant d. neednt解析：本题考察的是情态动词意义辨析。cant不可能；不能；mustnt禁止，千万不能；neednt不必；不需要；根据句意“-我已经为野餐准备了各种食物。”“-你是指我们不必带任何东西了？”根据句意可知前者已经准备了一切食物，所以后者不需要带任何东西。答案：d。例4.（2014江苏卷）it was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.a. might b. would c. should d. could解析：本题考察的是情态动词的特殊意义。might也许；would会，过去常常做某事；should应该，竟然；could能够；根据句意“让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。”根据句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。答案：c。例5.（2014江西卷）life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.a. shall b. must c. need d. might解析：根据句意“生活是无法预测的，甚至最贫穷的人也许会成为最富有的人。”根据前句“life is unpredictable.”说明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。答案：d。基础演练1.（2014陕西卷）my book, the house of hales, is missing. who _ have taken it?a. need b. must c. should d. could 2.（2014四川卷）i still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to disneyland at weekends.a. might b. must c. would d. should3.hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful? it be, but it is now heavily polluted.a. might b. would c. should d. must4.（2014重庆卷）ive ordered some pizza , so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.a. cant b. dare not c. neednt d. may mot 5. write in simple english in order that everybody _ understand you. a. may b. must c. should d. will6. you _ miss the lecture, though you _ have it.a. mustnt; neednt b. neednt; mustnt c. mustnt; mustnt d. cant; neednt 7. - better not have the operation right now.- _.a. i mustnt b. i shouldnt c. i wont d. i cant8. the train was ten minutes late, so i _ have run all the way from my house to the station.a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. neednt d. mustnt9. im not going simply because i dont see why i _. a. will b. would c. should d. shall10. - _ you make so much noise?- sorry, ill take care not to.a. must; b. can c. may d. wouldkeys： 1-5: dccca 6-10accca巩固提高一、用适当的情态动词填空1. there is 20 minutes left. we _ (not) have to be in such a hurry. 2. where is my watch? i really cant find it. where _ it be? 3. the doctor told the old man that he _avoid eating fat. 4. its too late. i think he _ go to bed. 5._ you mind my troubling you with a few questions?二、单项选择1. you _ return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like.a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not2. a computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. a. cant b. couldnt c. may not d. might not3. could i borrow your dictionary? yes, of course you _. a. might b. will c. can d. should4. peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. a. must b. may c. can d. will5. shall i tell john about it? no, you _. ive told him already. a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. shouldntkeys：一、1. neednt 2. can 3. should 4. must 5. would 二、1-5 cacba1.ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. it _ harrys. he always wears green.a. has to beb. will be c. mustnt bed. could be2. it was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.a. might b. would c. should d. could3. ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.a. cant b. dare not c. neednt d. may not4. shall i inform him of the change of the schedule right now? i am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting.a. willb. mustc. may d. can5. dont worry about your future. as long as you try your best, a great future _ wait for you on your way.a. would b. can c. must d. should6. johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. a. wont; cant b. mustnt; may c. shouldnt; must d. cant; shouldnt7. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to8. one ought _ for what one hasnt done.a. not to be punished b. to not be punished c. to not punished d. not be punished 9. im surprised that he _ in the exam.a. should fail b. would have failed c. may have failed d. should have failed10. the little girl _ there alone.a. not dare go b. dares not go c. dare not go d. dare not to go11. he said he would rather not _ it right now.a. doing b. to do c. do d. to be doing12. may i stop here? no, you _.a. mustnt b. might not c. neednt d. wont13. please open the window, _?a. cant you b. arent you c. do you d. will you14. its a fine day. lets go fishing, _.a. wont we b. will we c. dont we d. shall we15. will your brother stay home tonight? im not quite sure. he _ to the cinema tonight.a. must go b. can go c. may go d. may be going keys：1-5 dccbd 6-10bdadc 11-15caddc_一、完型填空dad is a liar(说谎者)certainly. he never tells the truth about anything bad, or anything that he thinks is 1 to me, even though ive told him that i dont 2 hearing these things.hes the 3 man i have ever met, who never hurts others, as well as the cruelest man, for hes always hard on himself. every time i phoned home from college and asked dad how his 4 was getting on, he would always reply, “oh, couldnt be 5 !” when i asked my mum the same question on the phone, 6 , she honestly told me every 7 with dads business. i didnt blame dad for his 8 . instead i showed concern for him. dad is a miser(吝啬鬼), undoubtedly. i hardly see dad wear 9 clothes. in fact, his closet(衣橱)is half empty. even in this half, two-thirds is occupied by mums clothes and the other one-third belongs to him. i 10 him to buy some new clothes, 11 he simply shook his head, “the old clothes are still good enough.”were they? i saw holes in them! it tore my heart up when i saw dad cough terribly with his hand covering his 12 .when the pains became very serious, he 13 took some medicine. so it surprised 14 when the day came that dad got sick. he was lying in bed, and all the family gathered around him. i knelt by his bedside, tears filling my eyes. dear dad, youve been pushing yourself too hard, which you should not have. i know i might as well 15 a river to flow backward as hope to talk you out of working so hard. but i still want to say, “dad, take better care of yourself!”1. a. interestingb. goodc. badd. valuable2. a. mindb. mean c. enjoy d. allow3. a. cleverest b. strongest c. biggest d. kindest4. a. health b. business c. experiment d. treatment5. a. better b. harder c. easier d. healthier6. a. meanwhile b. anyway c. however d. therefore7. a .change b. difference c. decision d. problem8. a. belief b. opinion c. lies d. excuses9. a. cheap b. new c. clean d. casual10. a. beggedb. ordered c. excited d. helped11. a. so b. but c. since d. although12.a. head b. ear c. eyes d. mouth13.a. still b. even c. only d. seldom14.a. somebody b. anybody c. everybody d. nobody15.a. beg b. allow c. expect d. cause二、阅读理解in october on the east coast of australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. with the help of max egan, we went to film them near byron bay. it was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. when migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. as the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.one day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the ho