初中英语语法疑问句和感叹句.doc

第15讲_疑问句和感叹句知识图谱-疑问句-感叹句一般疑问句和特殊疑问句选择疑问句和反义疑问句What引导的感叹句How引导的感叹句第15讲_疑问句和感叹句错题回顾疑问句知识精讲疑问句指提出问题，请对方回答的句子。疑问句句末要用问号。按结构可分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。一、一般疑问句1、一般疑问句概述一般疑问句，也可称为是否型问句，因为它一般用yes或no回答的，基本的结构为：be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调。对一般疑问句作肯定回答时，通常是Yes, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词；否定回答时，通常是No, 主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not，not通常用省略形式，如：-Can you swim to the other side？你能游到对岸吗？-Yes, I can. 是的，我能。-No, I cant. 不，我不能。注意：回答一般疑问句除了用yes或no外，也可用certainly，probably，perhaps，of course，all right，with pleasure等代替yes，用never，not at all等代替no，使得语气更加客气，委婉，如：-Can you help me? 你能帮个忙吗？-Certainly. 当然。-Could you please make less noise? 你可以小声一点吗？-All right, sir. 好的，先生。-Have you been there? 你到过那里吗？-Never. 从来没有。二、特殊疑问句1. 特殊疑问句概述特殊疑问句多以who，where，when，which，whose，why这类词开头，其结构一般为：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句，即：特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他)，通常读降调，如：Whois it on the phone? 谁来的电话？How manyoranges can you see in the picture?你能在图画上看到多少个橘子？2. 疑问副词疑问副词意义作用例句when何时询问时间When will she return?她什么时候回来？where何地询问地点Where are you from?你从何处而来？why为什么询问原因Why are you late for school?你为什么迟到？how如何询问方式How do you usually go to school?你通常怎么上学？how old多大询问年龄How old is Jims little brother?吉姆的弟弟多大？how much/many多少询问数量How many friends do you have?你有多少朋友？how far多远询问距离How far is it from your home to school?你家离学校多远？how long多长（时间/长度）询问时间，或长度How long will you stay in Beijing?你在北京会待多久呢？How long is your ruler?你的尺子是多长的。how soon多久以后询问时间How soon will you come back?你多长时间后回来呀？三、选择疑问句选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调。选择疑问句也分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句，但回答不能用yes或no回答，都要用完整的句子。1. 一般选择疑问句一般选择疑问句的结构为：一般疑问句+A or B?如：-Will you go there by bus or by train?-I will go by train.你准备乘汽车，还是乘火车去那儿？我会坐火车去。2. 特殊选择疑问句特殊选择疑问句的结构为：特殊疑问句，+A or B?如：-What would you like, coffee or tea?-I would like coffee.你想要什么，咖啡还是茶？我想来点咖啡。四、反意疑问句1. 反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句是一种常用于口语的疑问句，这种问句由两部分组成，前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加的一简短问句，中间用逗号隔开，因此，反意疑问句又称附加疑问句。如果陈述句是肯定句，附加问句用否定句；如果陈述句是否定，附加问句用肯定句，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。附加问句一般为“be动词（助动词、情态动词）+代词”构成，如：Theydidntclean the classroom yesterday,did they?他们昨天没有扫扫教室，是吗？Yourecoming,arentyou?你会来的，不是吗？2. 反意疑问句的答语1).反意疑问句的答语一般由yes或no引导的简略答语来回答，但是要注意时态及代词的呼应，如：-She is your teacher, isnt she? 她是你的老师，是吧？-Yes, she is. 是的，她是。-No, she isnt. 不，她不是。2). 在前否定后肯定的句子中，yes含义为“不”，no含义为“是”，如：She cant swim, can she? 她不会游泳，对吗？Yes, she can. 不，她会。No, she cant. 是的，她不会。三点剖析一、考点及延伸：中考考查疑问句重点如下：特殊疑问句中疑问词的辨别和选择；反意疑问句的提问和回答；否定形式反意疑问句的回答的正确理解。除了语法的考查，疑问句也常在各种文章中出现，能够正确理解疑问句，能很大程度地帮我们正确理解语言环境。以下两点是疑问句考点延伸：1. 否定的特殊疑问句一般有劝告，建议，责备等意味，如：Why dont you finish your homework?=Why not finish your homework?为什么不完成作业呢？2. 陈述句谓语动词是wish，表示征求意见时，反意问句用may，如：I wish to have another piece of cake, may I?我想再要一块蛋糕，可以吗？I wish to go home now, may I?我想现在就回家，可以吗？二、方法总结疑问句是考试中的高频考点，重点考查疑问词选择和反意疑问句。疑问词的选择一般考查与介词的结合，比如how far, how long等一系列，重点区分各自含义和回答；反意疑问句考查较简单，只要遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则即可，注意hardly, seldom, never等有否定含义的词的出现，视为否定句，疑问部分用肯定形式。题模精讲题模一 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句例1.1、-Are you sure you can do well in the final exam?-_, Ive got everything ready.A、No, Im not sureB、Its hard to say.C、Yes, I think soD、I hope not例1.2、-_ is your father?-Abank clerk. He works in a bank near my home.A、WhereB、HowC、WhatD、Which例1.3、对划线部分提问。The pencil box is25_centimeters_long._题模二 选择疑问句和反义疑问句例2.1、Theresonly onechild in the classroom. (对画线部分提问)_例2.2、-Is this a Chinese book or an English book?-Oh, _A、yes, it is.B、no, it isnt.C、an English book.D、a music book.例2.3、Tom can hardly do it well, _?A、can heB、cant heC、does heD、doesnt he例2.4、-Dont smoke in the reading room, _?-Im sorry. I wont do it again.A、will youB、shall weC、do youD、can you随堂练习随练1.1、-Excuse me, can I use your pen?-_. Here you are.A、Yes, of course.B、No, you cant.C、You are welcome.D、It doesnt matter.随练1.2、She usually does some housework on Sundays. (改为一般疑问句)_随练1.3、They like tosing English songs. (对画线部分提问)_随练1.4、-_ is your father? Does he still work as an engineer?-Yes, he has been an engineer for thirty years.A、WhoB、HowC、WhatD、Which随练1.5、-_ is the World Cup held ?-Every 4 yearsA、How soonB、How manyC、How oftenD、How long随练1.6、- Did you use to have straight or curly hair, Cindy?-_. I like that hair style.A、Yes, I didB、Straight hairC、No, I didntD、Not curly hair随练1.7、I dont think the newly directed film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say, _?A、do IB、dont IC、is itD、isnt it随练1.8、Jim neednt sing this song. (改为反意疑问句)_随练1.9、You need to wait for her. (改为反意疑问句)_感叹句知识精讲感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导，“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由“what”引导的感叹句“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/ an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。总结其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/ an形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！3. 可用句型：“ What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！二、由“how”引导的感叹句“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。总结这种感叹句句子结构也分为三种：1. 可用句型：“ How形容词/ 副词主语谓语！”。如：How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How形容词a/ an 可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How主语谓语！”。如：How time flies! 光阴似箭！三点剖析一、考点延伸：what引导感叹句和how引导感叹句的转换。由what引导的感叹句与由how引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!二、方法总结：辨别感叹句用what还是how引导。感叹句在考试中出现大多只考查用what还是how来引导的判断，如果只在判断层面其实很容易，最简单的方法就是背两句典型的例句，做题时只需要对照考题和记忆中的例句哪个更接近既可。如：What a beautiful girl (she is)!多么漂亮的一个女孩！How delicious these cakes are!这些蛋糕多好吃啊！题模精讲题模一 What引导的感叹句例1.1、_ excellent basketball player Jeremy Lin (林书豪) is! I really love this talented guy.A、HowB、WhatC、How aD、What an例1.2、-Steve, did you see the lantern show when you were in Fuzhou?-Of course! _ beautiful lanterns!A、WhatB、HowC、What aD、How a例1.3、根据语境填入相应单词，构成感叹句。_ difficult homework we had yesterday!题模二 How引导的感叹句例2.1、-This math problem is so difficult that only she can work it out.- _ clever the girl is!A、HowB、What aC、WhatD、How a例2.2、根据语境填入相应单词，构成感叹句。_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter! (beautiful)随堂练习随练2.1、_ clever boy he is!A、HowB、WhatC、What aD、How a随练2.2、-_ beautiful place Zhangjiajie is, Lu Ming!- Yeah, and thousands of visitors come here to spend their holidays every year.A、What aB、WhatC、HowD、How a随练2.3、-Wow, my best friend Anna got an A in her test!- _ wonderful news it is!A、WhatB、What aC、HowD、How a随练2.4、-_ interesting book! Where did you buy it?- In the bookshop near our school.随练2.5、_ big difference Tu Youyou has made to modern medicine in the world!随练2.6、_ interesting work it is to teach children!随练2.7、_ nervous the girl was！She could not fall asleep all nightA、WhatB、What aC、HowD、How a随练2.8、_ interesting our school life is!随练2.9、_ nice the fish smells! I cant wait to taste it.自我总结能力拓展拓展1、-Mary, will you go to the cinema with me tonight?-_. I have a lot of homework to do.A、CertainlyB、No, I wontC、Im afraid I cantD、Yes, I will拓展2、-_ did you work out the problem in such a short time?-With Mr. Lis help.A、WhenB、WhereC、HowD、Which拓展3、-_ will the manager come back?- Maybe in three days.A、How oftenB、How longC、How soonD、How far拓展4、Therere some new machines in the house. (改为一般疑问句)_拓展5、We were busy watching the football match. (改为一般疑问句)_拓展6、The jacketon the rightis Monicas. (对画线部分提问)_拓展7、Sam went thereby train. (对画线部分提问)_拓展8、The old man waters the flowerstwice a day. (对画线部分提问)_拓展9、-I hear you studied in New York last week. Was it sunny or rainy there?-_.A、It was rainyB、It is sunnyC、No，it isntD、I am afraid no拓展10、-Dont be late for school next time, _?-No, I wont.A、are youB、will youC、do youD、did you拓展11、The king was unhappy. (改为反意疑问句)_拓展12、I think they knew little about it. (改为反意疑问句)_拓展13、_ pretty the dragon boats are! I am sure the race will be very exciting.A、How aB、WhatC、How拓展14、_ wonderful book “Gullivers Travels” is! It became popular as soon as it came out.A、HowB、WhatC、What aD、How a拓展15、_ useful advice you gave us!拓展16、Look! The model is walking to us. _ nice dress!拓展17、- Its said that a robot called AlphaGo won the