定语从句的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化即.doc

定语从句的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的;如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词。1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。翻译下面句子：1.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. 2.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. 答案：1. 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。2.作出这些刻记的游牧人，依靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000年而结束于公元前10，000年。翻译下面句子：1. 只要中国人民积极奋斗，这个宏伟战略目标定能达到。（宏伟战略目标:grand strategic objective）2.我们越多说英语就能说得越好。（the the）3.几个星期以来， 他一直苦苦思索着，如何让这些毕业生相信，他们也能克服似乎难以挑战的困难获取成功， 他们也能创造奇迹。答案：1. If the Chinese people work hard , they can definitely attain this grand strategic objective. 2. The more we speak English, the better we can speak it. 3.For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they ,too, could succeed against seemingly impossible odds, that they could move mountains.翻译下面句子：1. 这就全看你支部支持我了。2.你还没有回答我的问题，那就是我是否能指望你。3.没多久，他的阅读便超出了意志坚定的母亲所规定的数目，他迫不及待地与母亲分享阅读的快乐。答案：1. It all depends on whether you support me. 2. You have yet to answer my question whether I can count on you. 3. Before long he was reading more books than his determined mother required, and he couldnt wait to share them with her.学位英语汉译英常见错误1. 中文：那人问我他何时能到达车站。误）The man asked me that when he could reach the station.（正）The man asked me when he could reach the station.（when可引导名词从句，不再使用that.）2.中文：原因是他不知道如何去做。（误）The reason is because he does not know how to do it.（正）The reason is that he does not know how to do it.（because不能引导名词从句。）3.中文：她写的信在桌子上。（误）The letter is on the desk which she wrote.（正）The letter which she wrote is on the desk.（定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰词后面。）4.中文：她是几个通过考试的学生之一。（误）She is one of the few students who has passed the exam.（正）She is one of the few students who have passed the exam.（one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词。）5.中文：圆窗户的建筑物是我们的教学大楼。（误）The building which windows are round is our school building.（正）The building whose windows are round is our school building.（windows是属于building的，用关系代词的所有格。）6.中文：那是我们去年参观过的科学博物馆。误）Thats the Science Museum where we visited last year.（正）Thats the Science Museum which we visited last year.（Science Museum是visited的宾语，要用关系代词which，而不能用关系副词where.）7.中文：那是一本有蓝色封面的书。（误）That is a book the cover of that is blue.（正）That is a book the cover of which is blue.（关系代词的所有格用of which，不用of that.）8.中文：他是我见过的最令人讨厌的讲演者。（误）He is the most boring speaker who I have ever seen.（正）He is the most boring speaker that I have ever seen.（先行词被形容词最高级或the only（唯一的），the same（同一的），the very（正是那个），all（全部），any（任何），no（无一），every（每一个），much（多），little（少），none（无一）等词修饰时，常用关系代词that，而不用who或which.）9.中文：掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。（误）The man and the horse who fell into the river were drowned.（正）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.（who只可代替先行词人，that可代替先行词人和物）。10.中文：这是你花了高价买的车吗?（误）Is this the car for that you paid a high price?（正）Is this the car for which you paid a high price?（关系代词作介词的宾语并放在介词之后时，只能用whom和which;关系代词that如作介词的宾语，只可紧靠先行词，将介词放在句尾。）英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往不能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。本文拟谈谈形容词的翻译问题。一、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配有时可译成否定句1. These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。2. This equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一定也不复杂。二、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字1. It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过最愉快的一天。2. It is easy to compress a gas.气体很容易压缩。三、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构1. She spoke in a high voice.她讲话声音很尖。2. This engine develops a high torque.这台发动机产生的转矩很大。四、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序1. a large brick conference hall一个用砖砌的大会议厅2. a plastic garden chair一把在花园里用的塑料椅子五、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可将形容词译成动词1. You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。2. Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。3. He is truly sorry for his past， and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。六、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词1. I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。2. He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。从以上几个方面可以看出，译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节。定语的翻译要特别注意位子上的变化，即：如果是单词修饰名词就放在中心词的前面，这和汉语的词序是一样的；如果定语太长，定语就要放在中心词的后面，这时就要注意断句，重复先行词，例如：1.I have the same problem as you concerning the learning of English在学英语的问题上，我和你有同样的问题。翻译下面句子：1.The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.2.The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age which began about 35，000 B.C. and ended about 10，000 B.C.1. 有效的维持纪律通常是由一些学生来做的，而这些学生则负责给学校的领导提建议。2.作出这些刻记的游牧人，依靠狩猎和捕鱼生活在冰河时代的晚期。这段时期大约始于公元前35，000年而结束于公元前10，000年。翻译下面句子：1. 只要中国人民积极奋斗，这个宏伟战略目标定能达到。（宏伟战略目标：grand strategic objective）2.我们越多说英语就能说得越好。（the the）3.For weeks he had worried over how to convince the graduates that they ，too， could succeed against seemingly impossible odds， that they could move mountains.1. If the Chinese people work hard ， they can definitely attain this grand strategic objective.2.the more we speak English， the better we can speak it.3.几个星期以来， 他一直苦苦思索着，如何让这些毕业生相信，他们也能克服似乎难以挑战的困难获取成功， 他们也能创造奇迹。翻译下面句子：1. 这就全看你支部支持我了。2.你还没有回答我的问题，那就是我是