内容简介：: period 1starting out & understanding ideas课时作业(一)基础训练单词拼写1health problems can be _ (显著地) reduced by careful diet.答案：significantly2the company has just _ (获得；得到) new premises.答案：acquired3we are living in an age of rapid technological _ (进步)答案：advance4they hope this new evidence will _ (证明) her innocence.答案：prove5last years sales figures are _ (证明) in figure 2.答案：illustrated6its about time we u_ our software.答案：update7the two countries have always m_ close relations.答案：maintained8my parents gave me a d_ watch as a birthday present.答案：digital9you can check the emails from your friends with a c_ of your mouse.答案：click10the results are shown in d_ 2.答案：diagram单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)for the machine, this quality is not inborn, nor is it something _ (introduce) by humans.答案：introducedintroduce和something之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。2_ if this medicine doesnt work well?答案：whatwhat if . 为常用句式，意为“要是该如何？”3do you stay _ touch with your friends in high school now?答案：instay in touch with sb.为常用动词短语，意为“和某人保持联系”。4(2017浙江高考)how much sleep you need _ (depend) a lot on your age.答案：depends本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，故填depends。5people tend _ (keep) what our teacher said in class in mind completely. 答案：to keeptend to do sth.为常用动词短语，意为“倾向于做某事，通常做某事”。思维训练完形填空communication is an important part of any relationship. many of us are _1_ to share our experiences or emotions with our friends. but when its our turn to lend a(n) _2_， we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to _3_ and offer advice.thats because of what researchers call “listener burnout (精疲力竭)”. a friend might talk to us _4_，often complaining about the same _5_ problems. when we offer quick advice to _6_ the situation, we may be unconsciously trying to _7_ ourselves from burnout. however, good listeners _8_ their natural tendency to solve the others problems hurriedly and to keep the conversation brief.to be a good _9_， you need to use “active listening”. it starts with the real _10_ to help others and think through their feelings. dont _11_ things. you can start by putting your phone _12_ and sitting close to your friend. let your facial expressions _13_ what he or she is saying. _14_ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other persons _15_ by reflecting them back：“that must be really hard for you.” use _16_ words or even sounds such as “yes”， “right”， and “hmm” to _17_ the other person to continue.of course, a _18_ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical. but dont get defensive. effective listeners dont _19_ negative criticism. instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey _20_ responding.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。交流在人际关系中起着重要的作用，许多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的经历和情感，但是如何做一个善听者呢？1aafraid bhesitantcshy deager答案：d我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历和情感。be eager to do sth. “渴望做某事”。2ashoulder bhandcear deye答案：clend an ear为固定短语，意思为“倾听”。3arespond bexplaincargue dquit答案：a根据下文的“and offer advice”可知，我们对如何作出反应(respond)和提供建议没有了主意。4aaimlessly bendlesslycdeliberately dcautiously答案：b朋友可能会经常无休止地对着我们抱怨老掉牙的问题。endlessly “无休止地”符合语境。5adifficult bold cacute dsensitive答案：b由设空前的the same判断是“老”问题。6afix bdiscussccreate ddescribe答案：a由上文的“offer quick advice”可知，应选fix，表示“解决”。7aforgive bprotectcdiscourage dpermit答案：bprotect sb./sth. from sth.表示“保护某人/某事免于某事”，符合语境。8afollow bdisplaycform dovercome答案：d然而，好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。9areader bpartnerclistener dspeaker答案：c由下文的“active listening”可知，此处指做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。10ademand bhabitcdesire dability答案：c开始时要有真正的要帮助别人的渴望(desire)，并认真考虑他们的感受。11askip brushcoverlook dpostpone答案：brush things表示“仓促做事”，符合语境。12aaway boffcout dup答案：a这里表示把你的手机收起来(putting your phone away)，紧挨着你朋友坐。13arecord brestrictcreflect dreplace答案：c由第15空后的“by reflecting them back”可知，这里表示让你的面部表情对你朋友所说的话作出反应。14awhether bsince cwhile dif答案：a作为一个倾听者不管你是否(whether)能够完全理解对方。15asuggestions bpurposescresponses dfeelings答案：d你都要对对方的感情(feelings)作出回应。与第1空后的“emotions”相呼应。16abig btoughcstrong dshort答案：d由下文的“yes”“right”和“hmm”可知，要用简短的(short)语言来鼓励(encourage)他人继续说下去。17aforce bremindcencourage dconvince答案：c由文章所述如此善解人意的方式可知是“鼓励”他人继续说下去。18aconversation bsuggestioncproblem dlecture答案：a由语境可知，这里说的是谈话(conversation)很难进行下去。19agive up bmake upcleave out dblock out答案：d善听者不会抹去负面评论，相反，他们会在作出反应之前倾听并且明白这个人试图传达的意思。block out “不去想，抹去”。20aafter bbeforecwhile donce答案：bbefore “在之前”，符合语境。阅读理解one of the most important things in the world is friendship. in order to have friends, you have to be a friend. but how can you be a good friend at school?listenlisten when they are talking. dont say anything unless they ask you a question. sometimes its not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.help themif your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. you should try to consider them first, but you neednt do everything they want you to do. try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. have a little extra money in your pocket because they may forget something they need.be there for thembe there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. marilyn monroe, a famous us actor, once said, “i often make mistakes. sometimes i am out of control, but if you cant stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” always remember this! if you dont want to stay with you friends when theyre in hard times, then you dont deserve to be with them when theyre having a good time!_try to make plans with your friends. go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. by planning things together, you both can have a good time. and youll remember these things when youre all old！篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述怎样才能成为一个好朋友，并对此提出了几个建议。1while your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should _.agive him or her some advicebjust listen unless askedccalm him or her downdshare your feelings as well答案：b细节理解题。由第二段第一、二句“listen when they are talking. dont say anything unless they ask you a question.”可知，b项正确。2when we provide help for our friends, we should _.atry to do everything for thembconsider them before ourselvescchange their bad habits firstdignore their faults答案：b细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“you should try to consider them first, but you neednt do everything they want you to do.”可知，你应该首先想到朋友，但不要为他们做所有的事，故答案选b。3which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?amake plans.benjoy yourself.cunderstand your friends.dplay with your friends.答案：a推理判断题。由破折号后面的“try to make plans with your friends.”可知，该段是指要和朋友一起做计划，故答案为a。4the passage is mainly about _.ahow to find a good friendbhow to help friends in troublechow to be a good frienddhow to make more friends答案：c主旨大意题。文章第一段的最后一句提出如何成为一个好朋友，接下来具体给出了几个建议，由此可知，文章主要讲的是如何成为一个好朋友，故选c。七选五you cannot choose your childs friends for him, but you can help him learn to choose friends wisely. _1_ here are a few ways to help your child make friends.build your childs selfconfidence.when he succeeds or has made a great choice, tell him youre proud of him. _2_ your middle school student is going through many changes and may feel like he isnt “good enough”. building his selfconfidence will help him feel more confident and will make it easier for him to form healthy friendships._3_give him your full attention when he talks, and really listen to what he has to say.discuss the qualities in a friend with your child.discuss with your child the qualities that matter most, such as being reliable and kind, and making good choices when it comes to avoiding alcohol and tobacco.get to know your childs friends._4_ its more important to talk with them and find out what they like to do. allow your child to invite his friends over and get to know them better._5_afterschool clubs and sports programs are good places for meeting new people. be open to exploring different activities with your child to find something that he enjoys.afriends are very important for us.bintroduce your child to new groups of people.ctalk with your child every day and listen to his concerns.dtry not to judge your childs friends based on how they dress.ewhen he does not succeed, help him feel better and keep trying.fyou can teach him ways to find friends who will have a positive influence on him.gthere are many types of friends and we should be careful when making our choices.1f根据前文“you can help him learn to choose friends wisely”及后文“here are a few ways to help your child make friends.”可知f项“你可以教他如何找到对他有积极影响的朋友。”承上启下，符合语境，故选f。2e设空前提到孩子成功时的情况，设空后提到孩子正经历改变，可能觉得自己不够优秀，所以e项“当他失败时，帮他找回自信、继续尝试。”符合语境，故选e。3c根据下文“give him your full attention when he talks, and really listen to what he has to say.”可知，c项“每天和你的孩子交谈，倾听他所关注的事情。”符合语境。4d由小标题可知，本段讲了解孩子的朋友，结合选项分析可知d项“尽量不要根据穿着判断他们的朋友。”切题。5b根据下文“afterschool clubs and sports programs are good places for meeting new people.”可知，本段讲的是交新朋友的途径，结合选项分析可知，b项“要把你的孩子介绍给新的人群。”适合作小标题。- 8 - period 2understanding ideas课时作业(二) 基础训练单词拼写1i am going to buy a _ (数字的) camera for my friend who likes taking photos.答案：digital2leaflets have been _ (递送) to every household.答案：delivered3i would _ (更喜欢) it if you didnt tell anyone.答案：prefer4my old friend jack and i have always _ (保持，维持) close relations. 答案：maintained5i have a good command of oral english, which _ (使能够) me to hold the position.答案：enables单句语法填空1its cheaper if you book the tickets _ advance.答案：inin advance固定短语，意为“提前，预先”。2it must be kept _ mind that there is no secret of success but hard work.答案：inkeep . in mind固定短语，意为“牢记”。3the number of local people now supporting him has increased _ (significant)答案：significantly所填词修饰句子的谓语动词has increased，应用副词，故填significantly。4they have replanted many areas with rare and _ (usual) plants.答案：unusual由and前的rare “稀有的”可知，所填词应表示“不同寻常的”，故填unusual。5when im tired, i tend _ (make) mistakes.答案：to maketend to do sth.为常用动词短语，意为“常常会做某事”，故填to make。6“dont throw the baby out _ the bathwater” is an english idiom.答案：withthrow the baby out with the bathwater是一个英语俚语，意为“不分良莠一起抛弃”。7does to change the job mean _ (lose) track of those old friends?答案：losingmean doing sth.为常用短语，意为“意味着做某事”。8_ if all of our friends can come today? are you ready for everything?答案：whatwhat if . 为常用句型，意为“要是如何？”9would you like going out for a picnic this weekend?that all _ (depend)答案：dependsit/that (all) depends，英语口语，意为“那得看情况”。10there was no evidence to connect him _ the crime.答案：withconnect sb./sth. with sb./sth. “把和联系起来”。思维训练阅读理解abefore you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends. most people like to have friends who like to do the same kind of things they do.the quickest way to make a friend is to smile. when you smile, people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. it may not be easy at first to smile, but remember most people will stay away from a scared or angry looking.one easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. doesnt it make you want to keep talking to that person?ask your new friends questions about themselves. whos their favourite singer, where do they live, what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. make sure you have something to add to the conversation, too. when someone asks you a question, do have an answer for it. there is nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a_shrug_for_an_answer.kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. remember, everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar things and people who are nice to them.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何交朋友给出了一些建议。最快捷的方式是微笑，以赞美的方式开始对话，还要志趣相投，这样才能交到更多的朋友。1this passage gives us some advice on _.ahow to make friendsbwho you can make friends withchow to start a conversationdthe importance of smile答案：a推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“before you make friends, you have to decide who you want to be your friends.”及最后一段第一句“kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends.”可知，本文是针对如何交友提出建议，故选a项。2most people like to make friends with those _.awho are sad every daybwho share the same interestcwho are fond of talkingdwho say bad things to them答案：b细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“ . do the same kind of things they do”及最后一段最后一句中的“do similar things”可知，人们愿意与志趣相投的人成为朋友，故选b项。3according to the third paragraph, most people enjoy talking to one _.awho is always smilingbwho seems to be friendlycwho praises themdwho points out their shortcomings答案：c细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句“one easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.”可知，人们喜欢同赞扬自己的人交谈，故选c项。4the underlined part in this passage means “_”abeing very proud bmaking no answercknowing nothing dnot hoping to answer答案：b词义猜测题。结合上文可知，画线部分所在句的意思与“when someone asks you a question, do have an answer for it.”相反，故画线部分所在句的意思是，没有什么比耸肩表示不知道答案能更快地结束(与他人的)对话了，故选b项。bsamuel looked at his sister, emily, and said, “i wouldnt have thought everett would be a thief.” emily replied, “whoa, we dont know that for sure.” samuel said, “but who else could it be? he was there, he had them in his hands, and now they are missing.”samuel remembered two days ago when he had brought out his coin collection for everett to see. at the end of that day, samuels mother asked him to take a note to mr bates down the street, so he asked his friend, “is it okay if i leave you for a few minutes？” everett had said, “go ahead. ill clean up here.” pointing at the piles of coins on the floor. when samuel had returned, he had done his homework, had eaten dinner, and had read for a while before bed. it was not until two days later that he realized the quarters were gone.emily said, “why dont you just ask him？” “ask him what? hey, best friend, did you steal my coin collection？” samuel thought for a moment, deciding if that would be a good idea. the theft of his collection left him with a feeling of betrayal (背叛). “how could i have misjudged my friend？”the next day samuel went over to everetts house. everett was acting funny. in fact, samuel thought everett was acting like someone with a secret. suddenly, everett cried, “i cant stand it anymore！” and pulled something from underneath the chair. “go onopen it! i was going to wait until your birthday tomorrow, but i cant wait！”slowly, samuel lifted the top of the box. laid out in front of him were all of the quarters from his coin collection. each quarter was in its own place in a new collection case. each quarter shone like it was new.samuel felt heat rush over his neck and ears. he weakly said, “thank youthis means . a great deal to me.” he was thankful that everett had cut him off before he said something bad. everett was exactly the type of person he wanted as a friend！篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们讲述了作者怀疑自己的朋友偷了自己收藏的硬币，但又不敢去向朋友询问，然而最终发现是埃弗雷特希望给他一个惊喜。作者通过这篇文章希望告诉我们信任是友谊的重要组成部分。5from paragraph 13, we know that _.asamuels coins were missingbeverett had stolen samuels coins csamuel has a bad memorydeverett lives down the street 答案：a细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“but who else could it be? he was there, he had them in his hands, and now they are missing.”可知samuel的硬币不翼而飞，所以a选项是正确的。6the word “misjudged” in paragraph 3 means _.aagreed with bbeen wrong aboutccared about dbeen troubled by 答案：b词义猜测题。根据第三段倒数第二句“the theft of his collection left him with a feeling of betrayal (背叛)”可知，此处指“我”看错了朋友，所以b选项是正确的。7what kind of person is everett?ahe makes quick decisions.bhe is not an honest boy.che enjoys surprising his friends.dhe is helpful.答案：c推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段可知埃弗雷特藏起硬币是为了在作者生日时给作者一个惊喜，由此可见他是一个喜欢给朋友惊喜的人，所以c选项是正确的。cbill mcintosh and royce wedding had been best friends for 30 years. now, living alone 12 miles east of the town, bill earned his living by hunting foxes and rabbits.“coming to the football match this afternoon？” bill mcintosh asked 54yearold royce wedding as they drank beer at the eureka hotel. royce shook his head, “i promised mom id burn off the weeds (杂草) in one of our fields.” “ill give you a hand，” bill said.driving slowly from the southern edge of the field, they worked their way upwind, leaving a line of burning weeds in their wake. suddenly the fire was on them. bill pushed open his door only to find himself thrown through the air, the gasoline tank exploded (爆炸) and the car jumped three feet off the ground. when it crashed back down royce found himself unable to move. bill lay where he fell. “royce！” he cried, struggling to his feet and heading for the car. pulling open the door, he seized royces arms through the smoke. “im stuck，” royce said. “get yourself away！” the fire bit at bills arms, face and legs, but he said, “im not leaving you here.” bill pulled as hard as he could. suddenly he fell backward. royce was free and out of the car.“whats the matter with that dog？” said vicky wedding, royces mom. shocked by noise behind her, she turned to see bill leaning against the door.six months after the fire, when royce went out of hospital, he walked into the eureka hotel and bought bill a beer.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。bill mcintosh和royce weddi

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