2014届高三语法复习：定语从句（学生版）.doc

2014届高三语法专题复习一：定语从句 编者：袁亚娟. 定语从句中关系词的选定：方法：确定先行词，并根据它在从句中所充当的成份来选择关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose或关系副词when, where, why 如：(1) Do you still remember the days _ we spent in Paris?(2) Do you still remember the days _we spent the summer holidays in Paris?(3) Maria settled down in Paris in 1998, _three years later, she received her doctors degree.比较并选择：A. which B. where C. the one where D. the one(1) Is this factory _ you visited last Friday?(2) Is this the factory _ you visited last Friday?(3) Is this factory _ you spent your last summer holidays?小提示：将疑问句转换为陈述句后再完成句子。句型转变：This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house _broke last night.=This is the house _ broke last night.对比填空：(1) No drug is free from risk, _ some might be rather serious or even deadly.(2) Last March, a nuclear disaster broke out in Japan, _ shadow was cast over U.S. energy policy.(3) On hearing the adjustment of educational policies, many netizens put up posts, 78% _ conveyed the message of approval.注意：1.当先行词为way在从句中做状语时，引导定语从句的关系词可以有三种形式：/; in which; that.2.当先行词为time(次数)并在从句中作状语，引导定语从句的关系词用that(可省略).3.引导定语从句的关系代词who, that, which 在从句中作主语时，绝不能省略.4.当定语从句中先行词为 case, point, atmosphere, situation, scene, activity, etc且在从句中充当状语，关系副词多用where；而先行词为 occasion, times（时候），period, stay, etc则多用when.题组训练1. I dont like the way _he treats his parents.2. This is the second time _ I have been here.3. Young adults realize what they learnt from the book cant handle situations _ appear in reality.4. We are living in an age_ many things are done on computer.5. I can think of many cases _you know nothing about.6. There are times _ we would willingly give everything we possess to save our lives.7. Were just trying to reach a point_ both sides will sit down together and talk.8. I have few occasions _ I can stay with my wife and children.关系代词that 和which的用法1. 限制性定语从句中，只用that不用which的情况：(1) 先行词为不定代词anything, something, everything, nothing, the one, all, much, little等。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. Ive read all the books that are not mine. (2）当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him.(3) 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时。 When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. The most important thing that should be done now is how to stop him from going on.(4）先行词既指人，又指物时。 I really miss the girl and her garden (that) I saw the other day.(5）当先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中也作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.(6) 当主句的主语为who或which时或有两个定语从句其中一个用which另一个则用that。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.2.定语从句中不用that的情况：(1)that不能引导非限定性定语从句。(2)介词提前时，关系代词不用that。【题组训练】(1) They secretly built up a small factory which produced things _could cause pollution.(2) The birds tried to find as many materials as possible _ to build their nests.(3) Theyve won their last three matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which III.关系代词as和which在非限制性定语从句的运用：1. as 引导的定语从句可置于主句前或后；而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后。2. as引导非限制性定语从句时，常含有“正如”的含义，而which没有。 (1) The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expected. (2) Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a smile. (3) As he puts it, everything is possible if we keep on. 如他所言，只要我们坚持下去，一切皆有可能。3. as多用于习惯用语，常接被动态如：as is known to all, as has been said before, as is reported, as is expected, as is often the case, as was pointed out等。 He shouts when he gets angry, as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫,这是常有的情形。 注意：几种句型的转换 As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.= The moon travels round the earth, as/ which _to everybody.= It _to everybody _the moon travels round the earth.= What _to everybody_the moon travels round the earth.当先行词被the same所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as（表同一类型）；也可以用that（表同一事物）。 1. She wants to buy the same bike as my classmate lent me yesterday. 2. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.当先行词被such, so修饰时, 关系词应当用as； 而so.that.; such.that.引导结果状语从句（如此.以致.） 1. The Disneyland is _ an interesting place _ every child likes it. 2. It is such a risky situation _ he almost couldnt control. What a narrow escape! 3. We have found such materials_are used in their factory.小提示：如果从句中缺主、宾、表就用as, 否则用 that。IV.介词 + 关系代词 (介词+which/ whom)定语从句中介词提前时，关系代词只能用whom(指人)或which(指物) 且不能省略。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.注意：复合介词短语+关系代词which（注意从句中倒装语序） There is a notebook on the desk, on the cover of which_ (write) the owners name.介词+关系副词 1. He stood under the tree, _ he could see his son swimming. A. Where B. from where C. In which D. from there 2. The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great changes. A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when介词+ which time/ which case 1. At home, he never seems to have time until after 10 pm, by which time his children have gone to bed.2. It occurred to him that it would save a lot of trouble to destroy the advertisement, in which case, he would have to explain to Peter.介词+which/ whom +不定式 There should be some facts that he can base his argument on.= There should be some facts to_.= There should be some facts _ his argument.V. 定语从句人称和数的变化1. one of + 复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式2. the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式3. not the only one of = one of 4. 当关系代词as 与which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前句内容时从句谓语动词用单数。(1) Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that _ (produce) in Hollywood so far.(2) Tom is one of the boys who_ (pass) the exam recently.(3) He has been admitted to a top university, which _ (make) his parents quite happy.(4) I, who _ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you.难点对照：1. 定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句(1) Please take some pictures _ stands the Statue of Liberty.(2) From_seemed to be a great distance, he greeted me wearing a smile on his face.(3) The man is fond of chatting online with_ shares the same interest.(4) He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how2. 定语从句、独立主格和并列句(1) Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom(2) I wish to thank Professor Smith, since without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whomD. his(3) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.(4) The drivers stopped their car, some of _ stepping out to see what was happening.3. 定语从句、强调句型和状语从句(1) -Where was it that you met him for the first time?-It was at the party _ a dance ball was held.(2) - When was it that you started learning French. - It was ten years ago _I picked up the language.(3) It may take a decade _the whole nation fulfills the Chinese Dream.4. 定语从句、同位语从句和代词(1) Last Sunday, I went shopping for a dress, _ would make me look younger. A. one B. one that C. the one that D. which(2) The sport then was a little different from _ we currently know as gymnastics. A. what B. one that C. the one that D. which (3) Researchers have found some evidence _ inadequate sleep compromises efforts to lose weight.5. 定语从句、感叹句和让步状语 (1) What some teenagers dont realize is_ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.(2) _ difficult life can be, we ought to face it bravely.(3) Mr. Smith for _ life was hard in the past, works very hard although in his sixties. 定语从句巩固练习1. Now some stores have a special zone _ women can park their husband so that women can spend more time in the store.A. that B. which C. when D. where2. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. thatB. whichC. as D. where3. As a teacher, occasions are rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my son. A. whoB. whenC. why D. which4. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planets _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose5. It is reported that an ordinary worker, for _ life is very hard, has donated nearly 50 thousand yuan to poor children so far.A. whom B. whose C. who D. him6. Some cases are introduced in his report _drug addiction has led to some social problems. A. when B. that C. where D. whether7. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.A. who B. where C. whichD. what8. Care of the soul is a gradual process_ even the small details of life should be considered. A. whatB. in whatC. whichD. in which9.Granny walks to the nearby park every day, _ do many old people who live in my district.A. as B. which C. when D. though10. During the gap year，I travelled to every point of the compass, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where11. The training centers themselves admit that not all young adults will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A.in thatB.for that C.in whichD. for which12. Mr. Smith will move into his new house next Sunday, _ it will be completely furnished. A. on that time B. by which time C. on whichD. by the time13. She always asks me for help, since there is no one else _. A. who to turn to B. for whom to turn C. she can turn to D. for her to turn14. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 15. Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A.what he explained B.he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained16.The tourists were shocked when they witnessed the scene _ the tiger jumped out of the cage. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 17. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly a