2013定语从句.ppt

中考英语语法 第十四讲定语从句 定语可以由形容词 代词 数词 名词 分词 不定式 介词短语等来担任 修饰名词 以分词 介词短语为例 例 Maryisabeautifulgirl ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate Themandrivingtoofastwasadrunk 一个 戴眼镜的 高个子的 女生 a tall girl withtheglasses whowearsglasses 定语从句 是指在复合句中 修饰 或的从句 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做 引导定语从句的词叫 名词 代词 先行词 关系词 基本概念 Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Jointhefollowingsentences 1 Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneisamachinethat whichcanfly 先行词 关系词 指物 在从句中做主语 步骤1 先找同一词 步骤2 确定先行词 从而确定主从句 Aplaneisamachinethemachinecanfly 步骤3 确定关系词 代替从句中与先行词相同的词 amachine themachine指物 用that which代替 Jointhefollowingsentences 2 ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday 步骤1 先找同一词 步骤2 确定先行词 从而确定主从句 ThegirlwesawheryesterdayisMary 步骤3 确定关系词 代替从句中与先行词相同的词 Thegirl her指人 her在从句中做宾语 用that who whom代替 Thegirlwesawthat who whomyesterdayisMary Thegirl that who whom wesawyesterdayisMary 先行词 关系词 指人 在从句中做宾语 可省略 主语 宾语 表语 物 人 主语 宾语 物 主语 宾语 人 宾语 人 定语 人 物 时间状语 on in at which on in at which for which 地点状语 原因状语 1 Doyouknowthewoman iswearingabluedress 2 Theman istalkingwithmyteacherismyfather 3 Thatbookistheone Iboughtyesterday 4 Heisoneoftheworkers issavedinthataccident 用 who 或 that 填空 who that who who 5 Theytalkedofthethingsandpersons theyrememberedinthefactory 6 All canbedonemustbedone that that 1 关系代词that which who whom引导的定语从句 1 Abookstoreisastore sellsbooks 2 Thefish weboughtthismorningwerenotfresh 3 Theboy brokethewindowiscalledTom 4 Eve 爱娃 isafigure 人物 intheBible 圣经 Godcreated that which that which who that whom that Whose的用法 例 我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方拆 Iliketovisitaplace Theplace shistoryislong 概念颠覆 Hisbook whosebook Tom sbook whosebookTheplace shistory whosehistory找 Theplace shistoryislong whose合 Iliketovisitaplacewhosehistoryislong 例 DoyouknowthewomanwhosenameisMary 例 Passmethedictionaryofwhichcoverisblack 总结 whose引导的定语从句 whose在从句中作定语 修饰表示人或物的先行词 对物可用whose ofwhich两种 whose n n ofwhich Thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired Thehousetheroofofwhichwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasnowbeenrepaired 名词前定冠词 2 由关系代词whose引导的定语从句 1 Theroom windowfacessouthismine 2 Thisisthesinger nameisknowntousall 3 Hehaswrittenabook nameI veforgotten Hehaswrittenabookthenameof I veforgotten Hehaswrittenabook I veforgottenthenameof Hehaswrittenabookof I veforgottenthename whose whose whose which that which 关系副词有三种 where 在从句中作地点状语 指代地点 when 在从句中作时间状语 指代时间 why 在从句中作原因状语 指代原因 关系副词的用法 1 where的用法 先行词应是地点名词 Thehotelwasn tclean Westayed atthehotel Westayed where 先行词 关系词 从句 Thehotelwherewestayedwasn tclean 时间状语when 例 我总是记得我们相遇的那一天拆 我总是记得那一天 我们相遇在那一天 Ialwaysremembertheday Wemetontheday 找 ontheday when合 Ialwaysrememberthedaywhenwemet 原因状语why 固定句型thereasonwhy 例 这就是你总是迟到的原因 Thisisthereasonwhyyouarelate 例 这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因 ThisisthereasonwhyIinviteyoutotakepartintheparty 3 由关系副词when where why引导的定语从句 1 Shestillremembertheday shewasattackedbyabear 2 Thisistheplace wesaidgoodbye 3 Thereason hewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill 4 Thatwastheyear Ifirstwentabroad 5 Thisistheway Ididit when onwhich where inwhich why forwhich when inwhich that 4 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句是先行词意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 写时不用逗号分开 2 非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切 只是对先行词作些付加说明 如果去掉 主句的意思仍然清楚 主从句之间用逗号分开 E g Beijingisacity that Iwantedtovisit Beijing whichisthecapitalofChina hasaverylonghistory Who that 下列情况中只能使用who 1 当先行词是one ones anyone或those Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished 2 用在therebe结构中先行词做表语 Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou 3 为避免重复或引起歧义 ThemanthatspokeatthemeetingisourheadmasterwhohasjustcomefromShanghai 5 先行词是指成员的集合名词 Thefamily wholivesupstairs arefondofmusic 4 先行词是I you he they等 Hewhoplayswithfiregetsburned 7 用在非限制性定语从句中指人 LiuXiang whoquitedinBeijingOlympics isstillregardedasaheroinChina That which 下列情况中只能使用that 1 先行词是everything anything等不定代词或是all much few little only any no以及被其修饰 Everythingthatcanbedonehasbeendone Therearefewbooks that wecanread 2 先行词被theonly thevery thelast thesame oneof及序数词修饰 ThisistheonlyfoodthatIcanfindforyou Hiscompositionwasthesecondonethatwashandedin 4 先行词人物共存时 Theytalkedforhalfanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool 5 先行词在从句中做表语 Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe 6 先行词为数词时 Hebroughttwocatsyesterday NowIcanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden 3 先行词被形容词或副词的最高级修饰时 ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen 7 为避免重复 有两个定语从句 其中一个关系代词用which 另一个用that Hebuildupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore 8 先行词为what时 Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome 9 主句已有疑问词who或which时 通常使用which的情况 1 当关系代词之后有插入语时 Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery whichIthinkisofgreatimportancetoscience 2 在谚语中常采用thatwhich的用法 Thatwhichisevilissoonlearned 3 先行词是指物的that或those时 Hehasfoundthatwhichhehasbeenlookingfor which的特殊用法 1 指代整个主句或主句的部分 Johnsaidhe dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour whichwastrue 2 限定作用但前必须有介词 Helosthistemper atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy inwhichcasehehadtogivein IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5 30 bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegothome 介词 关系代词 Prep which whom Thechaironwhichsheissittingismadeofplastics Thewomantowhomyoutalkedjustnowisafamoussinger Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear Icalledhimbythewrongname forwhichmistakeIshouldapologize 刚才与我们校长谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师 1 ThemantowhomourheadmastertalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher 2 ThemanwhomourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher 3 ThemanwhoourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher 4 ThemanthatourheadmastertalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher 5 ThemanourheadmastertalkedjustnowisourEnglishteacher Exercises 2010 河北中考 Therearelotsofthings Ineedtopreparebeforethetrip whoB thatC whomD whose2 2010 自贡中考 Jimdislikespeople talkmuchbutneverdoanything A whoB whomC whose 中考链接 B A 3 2010南京中考 IhearSamhasgonetoQiandiaoforhisholiday Oh hownice Doyouknowwhenhe A leftB wasleavingC hasleftD hadleft4 2010 衢州中考 Wearetryingtohelpthosechildren losttheirparentsinYushu 玉树 QinghaiProvince A whichB whenC whoD whose A C Formoreexercises clickhere Homework Translation 1 我喜欢我能随之跳舞的音乐 Ilikemusic 2 他更喜欢演奏安静轻柔歌曲的组合 Heprefersgroups 3 我喜欢自己写歌的音乐家 Ilovemusicians 4