Module3Unit3Grammar (2).doc

Module 3 Unit 3 Grammar and UsageTeaching aims: Enable the students to learn: 1 object complement; 2 either.or; neither.nor; 3 subject-verb agreementTeaching important points:1. Learn how to use object complement and subject-verb agreement2. Understand when subject-verb agreement is used in sentencesTeaching methods:Explaining and practicing.Teaching procedures:Activity 1: Object complement一英语的五种基本句型结构：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾语补足语 S 十 V 主谓结构 He runs quickly他跑得快。 S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构 The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣。 S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构 They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。 S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 He offered me his seat/ his seat to me他把座位让给我。 S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾宾补结构They found her happy that day 他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out 我发现他出去了。They named the boy Charlie 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out 我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。He found the door of study closed to him 他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。二宾语补足语：1、定义：宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。2、结构：Verb + object + object complement3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：(1). 名词： We made him our monitor. They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny.注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。They elected John chairman of the committee.(2). 形容词： You should keep your room clean and tidy. Wed better leave the door open.We found the ruins most interesting.(3). 介词短语He left his bag in the office.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.(4). 副词He opened the window to let the fresh air in.I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday.(5). 现在分词： Im sorry to have you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.(6). 过去分词：When he wake up, he found himself tied to a tree.He raised his voice to make himself heard.I had my watch repaired yesterday.(7). 不定式 或 省略 to 的不定式My mother allowed me to play games for a while.Can you make your car park over there?注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时， 五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at） 三使（make, let, have） 两听（listen to, hear）一感觉（feel） 后接省略to 的不定式(2).help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think, find, consider, feel, make, take等动词应使用先行词it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部 I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. I think it very important to attend this meeting. We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。【小结】1、宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语。2、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。3、能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。4、主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语，相应的宾补就成为主补。常跟宾语补足语的动词：第一类, 感官动词, 所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。feel, hear, listen to, notice, observe, see, watch, look atI saw him cross/crossing the road. = He was seen_/ _ the road.但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。第二类, 使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let, have, get, make, would like, want等。This makes people realize the importance of protecting the environment. If you are back, will you please make yourself known to me?第三类, 含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。Call me Joe, please. She was elected president of the company.第四类, v. + sb. + to do sth. 结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。这类动词有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn, wish, report等第五类, find, keep, leave 等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。We found it very difficult to solve the problem.How can you keep them waiting for so long?Keep the door closed.Consolidation 【课堂检测】一单句改错1. We all elected Jason the monitor.2. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.3. -What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.4. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.5. He pushed the door opening.6. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.7. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.8. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.9. It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.10He was heard sing last night.二用所给动词的适当形式填空1. In the end, we found the girl _ (lock) in a dark room.2. Just at that time, I saw an old woman _ (cross) the narrow street.3. Dont let your son _（play）computer games like this any more.4. Ive never heard the word _ (use) in spoken English.5. I think you cant force your son _(go) to see her.三单项填空1Tell him _ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut2. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended3. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry4. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going5. I found the door _when I got home.A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to7. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on8. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled9. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 10. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating11. You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out12. He managed to make himself _ with his _ English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; brokenC. understood; breaking D. understood; broken13. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _.A. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing14Dont you think it _ to learn this kind of skill at present?A. difficulty B. difficult C. difficultly D. the different15. My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skill.A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take16. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting.A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up17. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _as much as we can.A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak19. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _in his lectures.A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. to interestKey:一. 单句改错：1.去掉the 2.not后加to 3. warmly 改为 warm 4.run改为running5. opening 改为 open 6. putputting 7. to settle 8. hidehidden 9.ofwith 10. to sing.二1locked 2. crossing 3. play 4. used 5. to go三 1-5 BCAAD 6-10 AACBC 11-15 BDBBD 16-20Activity 2: either.or; neither.nor1. either.or. 不是.就是.; 或者.或者. 可以连接并列结构作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分. E.g. He will choose either you or your brother to finish the task. 他会选择你或者你兄弟来完成这项任务。 You may either swim or play football. 你可以游泳也可以踢足球。 Either you say youre sorry or you get out! 你要么道歉，要么滚出去！注：当两个主语由either or连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。（就近原则） E.g. Either you or I am wrong. Either you or he is wrong.2. neither.nor. 既不.也不. 并列连词, 用于连接两个并列的成分. E.g. The robot neither sings nor dances. 那个机器人既不唱歌也不跳舞。 I like neither him nor you. 我既不喜欢他，也不喜欢你。 He did this neither for fame nor for money. 他做这件事，既不为名，也不为了利。 I found him neither clever nor hard-working. 我发觉他既不聪明，也不勤奋。注：当两个主语由neither nor连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。（就近原则） E.g. Neither you nor he knows the answer.Activity 3: subject-verb agreement 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。E.g. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。E.g. What I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。E.g. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are League members.注： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人，物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 E.g. The writer and artist has come. Trial and error is the source of our knowledge. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, many a等修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 E.g. Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it.3、 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。(就前原则) E.g. Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。 E.g. Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 E.g. None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。注： 在one of + 复数名词 +who/that/which 引导的定语从句中，从句的谓语用复数 E.g. He is one of my friends who are working hard. 在the only/very one of +复数名词+who/which/that 引导的定语从句中，从句的谓语用单数E.g. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。E.g. The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. The class are doing experiments. The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。E.g. The police are looking for the lost child.7、 由“some,/ half,/a lot of, /lots of, /plenty of, /the rest of, /the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 E.g. There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls.a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8由kind /type/ series /quantity of 等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。E.g. Large quantities of water are needed for watering the flowers. A new type of bus is now on show.9、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。E.g. There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts.10Many a + 单数名词（许多）；more than one +单数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式。 E.g. Many a page in this book is missing. More than one student has failed in the exam.11、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。E.g. Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.12、 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于做主语的名词在概念上是一个整体. E.g. Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 13、 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 E.g. The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.14、 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。 E.g. One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.15、 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们做主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 E.g. The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isnt easy to study.16、 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等词做主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 E.g. My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes is under the bed.17、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 E.g. The old are taken good care of here.18、 （1）当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also, notbut连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。（就近原则） E.g. Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? As far as I know, not only his parents but also his brother treats the girl very well.（2） there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 E.g. There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Consolidation 【课堂检测】1、用所给词的适当形式填空1) His Selected Poems ( be )first published in 19652) Twenty dollars ( be )enough for the coat 3) The poor woman with her two children ( see, beg ) in a street corner 4) Is there anybody in the classroom? No, the teacher as well as the students ( go ) to the playground 5) Three-fourths of the land ( cover ) by forest and grass 6) Have you heard about the new school? No, when and where to build the new one ( not decide ) 7) E-mail，as well as telephones， ( play ) an important part in daily communication8) The worker and poet ( invite ) to the party the other day9) This morning I saw Mr. Lee (kill) a chicken.10) When I was here last year, the bridge was seen (build)by the workers.2、句型转换 1. Both his father and mother are fond of light music. (改为否定句)_ 2. We find that it is important to learn a foreign language well. (改为简单句)_ 3. If you can keep still, you can sit on this end of the boat and you can also sit on that end. (用eitheror改变句型)_ 4. Helen is not good at French and John is not good at French, either. ( 用neithernor改变句型)_ 5. We believe that he is honest. (改为简单句)_3、单句改错1. This is one of the most interesting questions that has been asked.2. Many a ship have been damaged in the storm.3. Neither I or he am in favor of her marriage.4. Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party.5. About one third of the books is worth reading.6. The number of students from the north are small.7. What may surprise you are that Im going to the US this July on a summer camp.8. More than one worker have been failed in the exam.9. Each boy and each girl have a beautiful dream.10. Maths are one of the most important courses in middle school.Keys:1) was 2) is 3) was seen begging 4) has gone 5) is covered 6) is not decided 7) is playing 8) was invited 9)killing 10）being built1. Neither his father nor his mother is fond of light music.2. We find it important to learn a foreign language well.3. If you can keep still, you can sit either on this end of the boat or on that end.4. Neither Helen nor John is good at French.5. We believe him to be honest.4. 单项选择1.Each of you _ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are2.Every means _ tried but without much result.a. has been b. have been c. are d. is3.Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.a. am b. is c. are d. was4.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a. is b. are c. has d. was5._ was wrong.a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacherc. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher6. -_ twenty dollars a big sum to her? -I suppose so.a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were7.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were8.All that can be done _.a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done9.More than one worker _ dismissed.a. have been b. are c. has been d. has10.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a. have realized b. has realized c. have been realized d. has been realized11.The gas works _ near the city.a. is b. are c. were d. be12.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.