英语阅读练习题.doc

英语阅读练习题一、填空： Translating Fashion1 Its seven oclock in the morning and Natassia Antipova, a beautiful Russian financial consultant, is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself What shall I wear today? A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was one kind of mascara, one color eye shadow. Now, Natassias bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon, Estee Lauder, and Nina Ricci. Her chisels contain Levis and Armani, as well as local brand names. Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded. In Tokyo, on the same day, Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company, Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo, the Tokyo-based beauty company. Last year Maki had Japans most popular cosmetic surgery procedure, a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on: The globalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time, a vast market for those companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide.2 Theres nothing new, of course, about the process of fashionable imitation. In Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas. This fashion remained popular for some time. Likewise, after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066, French styles became chic. This kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries. But what is new is the sheer size and. depth of penetration of this global fashion.3 Consider Levi jeans, a company with a brand imprint carried by 2,800 retail companies in 45 countries. Worldwide sales for 1996 were US$ 7.1 billion. Or Estee Lauder, which since it went international in 1960, bas penetrated f00 markets and racked up sales of $ 3.4 billion in 1997. Or take China, whose women were forbidden as recently as l0 years ago to powder heir noses - in recent years, the fashion and cosmetics market has expanded by 20 to 30 sercent annually. But is this all a plot by greedy designers, manufacturers and fashion, editors to clone the world into one image? Alison Lurie, author of the Language of Clothes, thinks not. She says people and cultures themselves decide on what is fashion these days. Of far more importance to fashion trends, according to Marc Bourgery, an advertising consultant, is the question of how a country entertains golf and, more recently, with American situation comedies. Japanese people now want to be defined as witty successful and affluent, and so that style has become cool and sought after.5 Bourgery, who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best in which countries, thinks that global fashion is nor about the West dictating to tile east. Rather, it is about a new feeling of internationalism. Armani, for example, does not set out to look authentically Italian, anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French, observes Bourgery. Instead, their footprint is a look which says Im elegant, sophisticated, successful, and that translates worldwide.6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making, a mix-and-match world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it. Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point. Russian women confide that not all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic imports - environmentally conscious teens and twenty- some-things, are made for them a treasure trove of beauty secrets. In their Damascus bathrooms, alongside the modern cosmetics, are pewter bowls to which to mix Henna and bay leaf, honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils.7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it cant be clearly defined. Todays concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before, and its growing day by day.Directions:Find the following list of words in Passage 1 and then guess the meaning of them from their context. Finally use these words to complete the following sentences.awareness presentation imitation remained chicpenetration entertained affluent dictate confirmed1. The letter everything.2. He was surprised by the students political .3. Children tend to learn by .4. She is now studying at a very Art College.5. They both come from relatively families and they dont need to worry about money at all.6. Mrs. Oliver silent for a while before she started talking.7. The unions are hardly in a position to to the Labour Party,8. The company has gotten into lots of business deals at home, but . in the international market is still difficult.9. His was short and clear.10. We the guests with a detailed description of the party.II：Make a best choice to complete each statement.1. I was surprised to meet Marys husband, for I didnt know that she had been_.A. EducatedB. marriedC. happyD. retired 2. Water is vital necessity of life. Long before a man starves, he will die as a result of _.A. MalnutritionB. hungerC. thirstD. disease3. The forces of nature are not always to man. Sometimes the rain and wind destroy his home and damage his harvest. At such times, nature appears to be humanitys _.A. CreatorB. enemyC. servantD. helper 4. Sometimes pioneers struck when they were digging a well. To tehm this meant extra work, because now they have to start all over again to dig for _.A. WaterB. goldC. petroleumD. treasures5. One small drop of poisonous milk contained in the leaves and stems of the desert plan will cause total blindness. Those who handle the plant for firewood are very careful no to touch_.A. other plantsB. their skinC. their eyesD. their plant二、选择题：I:Part ISeventy-four Years of Winter Olympic Glory1 Chamonix, 1924: The Games were first known as the International Winter Sports Week. It wasnt until 1925 that they were officially named the Olympic Winter Games. Norway and Finland dominated Nordic skiing, speed skating and bobsleigh. Two days before the Closing Ceremony, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was approved as the official organizing committee for the Games2 St. Moritz 1928: Unseasonable warm weather created havoc with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort, while Norway continued to dominate. Sonja Henie, just 15, combined grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympic gold medals in womens figure skating. Japan sent its first delegation - six skiers and one official.3 Lake Placid, 1932: Warm weather again hit the Games, forcing organizers to haul snow from Canada to the upstate New York town. The four-man bobsleigh race had to be postponed until after the Closing Ceremony. Dog-sled racing and womens speed skating were demonstration events and Edward Eagan, a Summer Games Olympic medalist in 1920, was on the winning U.S. four-man bobsleigh team to become the first summer-winter medalist. Garmischi-Partenkirehen, 1936: Blizzard conditions, and a possible boycott by the IOC sminated the medals standings after the Olympics returned to the continental style of racing ainst the clock rather than group starts used four years earlier.ver Adolph Hitlers politics threatened the Games initially. European speed skaters St Moritz, 1948: The Swiss resort Hosted the Winter Games for the second timesvoured as a neutral venue following World War. Germany and Japan were not allowed to rticipate, while single-person sled racing was held for the first time since the previous St. Moritz Games. American John Heaton repeated as single silver medalist after two decades on the sidelines.6 Oslo, 1952: The Winter Games held its first torch relay, kindled at the home of Norwegian skiing legend Sondre Norheim. Attendance at events was exceptional with the ski jump alone attracting crowds of 150,000, an Olympic attendance record for both the Summer and Winter Games. Womens cross country ski races made their Olympic debut and American Dick Button defended his figure skating title.7 Cortina dAmpezzo, 1956: The Soviet Union de debuted at the Winter Games, while a stadium built to hold 10,000 spectators - in a town of about 6,000 - hosted the skating and hockey events. Austrian Toni Sailor performed an Alpine skiing hat trick, which was, taking gold in the mens downhill, giant slalom and slalom. Chiharu Igaya won the mens slalom silver, Japans first Winter Olympic medal.8 Squaw Valley, 1960: Through the campaigning of landowner Alexander Cushing, the mountain town in northern California edged Innsbruck in voting by tile IOC. Womens speed skating becomes an official medal event, and biathlon was added to the Olympic program, East and West Germany sent a joint team, using Beethovens Ninth Symphony as their national anthem.9 Innsbruclc, 1964: For the first time in the Winter Games, the Olympic flame was lighted at Olympia, Greece. But the warmest winter in 58 years in Innsbruck left minimal snow cover and difficult conditions at many venues. Luge made its Olympic debut, as did the microchip, which was used in judging and timing at events. India also debuted at the Winter Games.10 Grenoble, 1968: The snowy Games attracted only about 70,000 spectators on the ground, but 500 million viewers watched them on television. Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in the Olympics, while Frenchmen Jean - Claude Killy handled heavy pressure from countrymen with superb style, grabbing all three Olympic Alpine skiing golds on offer.11 Sapporo, 1972: At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia, a dispute over amateus status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austria ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid for appearing in a ski makers advertisement. American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for womens bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez, Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the mens slalom for Spains first gold medalist in the Winter Olympics.12 Innsbruck, 1976: The Winter Games returned to Innsbruck after Denver, the planned host, decided to give the Games back due to fear of over-development and a mushrooming budget. Austrian Franz Klammer grabbed the mens downhill gold before a home crowd while American Dorthy Hamill pirouetted to womens figure skating gold, Ice dancing became an Olympic medal event.13 Lake Placid, 1980: The host of the 1932 Winter Games gained a unanimous vote from the IOC. American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in mens speed skating, while Austrias Annemarie Moser -Proell, after disappointment in Sapporo, snatched the womens downhill gold.14 Sarajevo, 1984: Sapporo offered in 1978 to host the 1984 Winter Games if no other cities decided to bid, but Sarajevo came forward to welcome a record 49 countries in the first Winter Games held in Eastern Europe. Katarina Wilt of East Germany won the first of two figure skating golds.15 Calgary, 1988: Canada hosted its first Winter Olympics and the first that spanned 16 days. U.S. TV network ABC paid a record $ 309 million for broadcasting rights and, despite Chinooks - warm, dry winds out of the Rocky Mountains - that disrupted the schedule, Italys Alberto Tombs emerged a skiing hero with gold in the mens slalom and giant slatom. Britains Michael Edwards Eddie in the Eagle captured no medals but grabbed the hearts of millions with his amateur bravado on the ski iump. Freestyle skiing, short track speed skating and curling were demonstration sports. 16 Albertviile, 1992: Organized by former skiing great Jean Claude Killy, the 16th Winter Games were hit by criticism over the distance between venues in the French Alps. But Japan enjoyed its best medal victories ever, winning the Nordic combined team gold and a total of seven medals - Ibis equaled the total medals won by Japan in all previous Winter Olympics combined. Canadas Kerrin Lee-Gartner thrilled one and all with gold in the womens downhill. 17 Lillehalnmer, 1994 The town of 23,000 was recognized by many as having hosted the best Winter Games to date. Huge energetic crowds, good weather and smooth transportation were ail widely acclaimed. Local. favorite Johann Olay Koss showed why he was known as The Boss by winning three speed skating gold medals, all in world-record times. The media was engrossed by feuding U.S. figure skaters Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan, but Oksana Baiui from the Ukraine upstaged them both to take the womens gold.18 Nagano, 1998: Back in Japan for a second time, this Winter Games was recognized as being high-tech and environmentally friendly. Winter snowsuits designed specifically for members of the IOC, the organizers and volunteers at the Olympics, were made famous by the fact they could be recycled into usable oil. The Olympic Village offered free Internet use for all athletes, many setting up their own home page for fans to wish them good luck before their event, and congratulate them afterwards. The environment was also enriched leftovers from the Olympic Village cafeteria were recycled into fertilizer. World records for both the men and womens speed skating were broken by skaters from the Netherlands and Germany, and Chinese aerial skiers made their first dazzling debut with Xu Nannan bringing home a silver for her double hack somersault with a triple twist. Curling, womens hockey and snowboarding were added to the Winter Games.1. Chamonix, 19242. St Moritz 19283. Lake Placid, 19324. Oslo, 19525. Corrina DAmpezzo, 19566. Squaw Valley, 19607. Grenoble, 19688. Sapporo, 19729. Lake Placid, 198010. Calgary, 1988 A. in which Edward Eagan became the first summer-winter medalist B. in which Chiharu Igaya won Japans first Winter Olympic medal C. in which womens speed skating becomes an official medal event D. lasting 16 days E. first known as the International Winter Sports Week F. in which the first torch relay was held G. in which Japan sent its first delegation H. in which American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in mens speed skating I. held in Asia for the first timeJ. in which women were forced to take gender test for the first timePart IIFamilies in Upheaval Worldwide1 Around the world, in rich and poor countries alike, the structure of family life is undergoing profound changes, a new analysis of research from numerous countries has concluded.2 The idea that the family is a stable and cohesive unit in which father serves as economic provider and mother serves as emotional care giver is a myth, said Judith Bruce, an author of the study. The reality is that trends like unwed (unmarried) motherhood, rising divorce rates, smaller households and growing poverty among families headed by females, are not just occurring in America, but are becoming worldwide phenomena.3 The report, Families in Focus, was released by the Population Council, an international nonprofit group based in New York that studies reproductive health. It analyzed a variety of demographics and household studies from dozens of countries around the world to determine the reasons for the breakdown of the family.4 Among the major findings: Whether because of abandonment, separation, divorce or death of a spouse, marriages are dissolving with increasing frequency. In many developed countries, divorce rates doubled between 1970 and 1990, and in less-developed countries, about a quarter of first marriages end by the time women are in their 4Os. Parents in their prime working years face growing burdens caring for children, who need to be supported through more years of education, and for their awn parents, who are living Longer. Unwed motherhood is increasingly common almost everywhere, reaching as mar. Is as a third of all births in Northern Europe, for example. Children in single-parent households - usually families with only a, mother present - are much more likely to be poor than those living with two parents, largely because of the loss of support front the fathers.1. The Population Council is . A. an international profit group B. is based in New York C. studies mental problems2. Divorce rates doubled between 1970 and 1990 in . A. many developed countries B. less developed countries C. developing countries3. Single-parent households are usually made up of . A. a mother and a girl B. a father and a child/children C. a mother and a child/children4. According to the Population Council report, . A. women work longer hours than men B. men work longer hours than women C. men work as long hours as women5. Women were found to contribute about a third of the households cash income in . A. Ghana B. the Philippines C. the United States6. In traditional Bangladesh, . A. the husband was much older than the wife B. the wife was much older than the husband C. the husband was nearly as old as the wife7. Which of the following is NOT among the reasons for tile increase in womens work.? A. Higher education costs. B. Growing financial family needs. C. Lazy husbands8. Families in Japan are mostly headed by . A. two parents B. single-parent C. unwed mothers9. The Population Council report was written by .