【决战2010年12月四级】大学英语四级考试押题试卷 (1).pdf

决战2010年12月四级 大学英语四级考试押题试卷 含答案 Part Writing Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Postgraduate Craze You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below 1 目前考古正形成热潮 2 分析这股热潮产生的原因 3 你的看法 My View on Postgraduate Craze 答案 范文 My View on Postgraduate Craze For many college students at the beginning of each fall semester they will repeatedly be haunted by pamphlet ad distributors employed by various postgraduate tutoring schools Indicative of those postgraduate tutoring ad is the popularity of college students applying to take the entrance examination for postgraduates Undoubtedly those postgraduate applicants have many concerns Firstly due to the fierce competition in the job market many college graduates believe postgraduate degree holders will have a competitive edge in the job market Secondly as many college students are not satisfied with their current degree education they want to pursue their studies in prestigious universities In addition many white collar workers decide to quit jobs and study in college again which increases the boom of master s degree pursuers However a master s degree is not a guarantee of a decent job As the number of master s degree graduates increases many will have difficulty in finding their ideal jobs after investing so much time energy and money 写作点拨 本文要求考生就大学生热衷考研这一现象发表自己的看法 在布局上 根据题目中给出的提 纲来展开即可 第一段指出考研热这种现象 可以从自己或者身边的同学说起 也可用其他的 实例或报道来说明 第二段分析造成这股考研热潮的原因 比如圆名牌大学梦 逃避就业压力 等 第三段阐明对这一问题的看法 并说明理由 Part Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 1 7 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D For questions 8 10 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage Genetically Modified Foods Feed the World If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party bring up the topic about genetically modified foods For many people the concept of genetically altered high tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental health safety and ethical questions Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions and vocal green lobbies the idea seems against nature In fact genetically modified foods are already yew much a part of our lives A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology according to the Department of Agriculture More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year The genetic is out of the bottle Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved lake any new product entering the food chain genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing In wealthy count des the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from and a supply that far exceeds our needs In developing countries desperate to feed fast growing and underfed populations the issue is simpler and much more urgent Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing Last year the world s population reached 6 billion And by 2050 the UN estimates it will be probably near 9 billion Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries At the same time the world s available cultivable land per person is declining Arable land has declined steadily since 1960 and will decrease by half over the next 50 years according to the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri Biotech Applications ISAAA How can biotech help Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice that is fortified with beta carotene 胡 萝卜素 which the body converts into vitamin A and additional iron mid they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attribution to pests drought poor soil and crop viruses bacteria or fungi 真菌 Damage caused by pests is incredible The European corn borer for example destroys 40 million tons of the world s corn crops annual y about 7 of the total Incorporating pest resistant genes into seeds can help restore the balance In trials of pest resistant cotton in Africa yields have increased significantly So far fears that genetically modified pest resistant crops might kill good insects as well as bad appear unfounded Viruses often cause massive failure in staple crops in developing countries Two years ago Africa lost more than half its cassava 树薯 crop a key source of calories to the mosaic virus Genetically modified virus resistant crops can reduce that damage as can drought tolerant seeds in regions where water shortages limit the amount of land under cultivation Biotech can also help solve the problem of soil that contains excess aluminum which can damage roots and cause many staple crop failures A gene that helps neutralize aluminum toxicity 毒性 in rice has been identified Many scientists believe biotech could raise overall crop productivity in developing countries as much as 25 and help prevent the loss of those crops after they are harvested Yet for all that promise biotech is far from being the whole answer In developing countries lost crops are only one cause of hunger Poverty plays the largest role Today more than I billion people around the globe live on less than I dollar a day Making genetically modified crops available will not reduce hunger if farmers cannot afford to grow them or if the local population cannot afford to buy the food those farmers produce Biotech has its own distribution problems Private sector biotech companies in the rich countries carry out much of the leading edge research on genetically modified crops Their products are often too costly for poor farmers in the developing world and many of those products won t even reach the regions where they are most needed Biotech firms have a strong financial incentive to target rich markets first in order to help them rapidly recoup the high costs of product development But some of these companies are responding to needs of poor countries More and more biotech research is being carried out in developing countries But to increase the impact of genetic research on tile food production of those countries there is a need for better collaboration between government agencies both local and in developed countries and private biotech firms The ISAAA for example is successfully partnering with the US Agency for International Development local researches and private biotech companies to find and deliver biotech solutions for farmers in developing countries Will Franken foods feed the world Biotech is not a panacea 治百病的药 but it does promise to transform agriculture in many developing countries If that promise is not fulfilled the real losers will be their people who could suffer for years to come The world seems increasingly to have been divided into those who favor genetically modified GM foods and those who fear them Advocates assert that growing genetically altered crops can be kinder to the environment and that eating foods from those plants is perfectly safe And they say genetic engineering which can induce plants to grow in poor soils or to produce more nutritious foods will soon become an essential tool for helping to feed the world s burgeoning 迅速发展的 population Skeptics contend that genetically modified crops could pose unique risks to the environment and to health risks too troubling to accept placidly Taking that view many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of genetically modified agricultural products Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety But what exactly does recent scientific research say about the hazards Two years ago in Edinburgh Scotland eco vandals stormed a field crushing canola plants Last year in Maine midnight raiders hacked down more than 3 000 experimental poplar trees And in San Diego protesters smashed sorghum and sprayed paint over greenhouse walls This far flung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops But the protests backfired all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred In each case activists mistook ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties It s easy to understand why In a way genetically modified crops now on some 109 million acres of farmland worldwide are invisible You can t see taste or touch a gene inserted into a plant or sense its effects on the environment You can t tell just by looking whether pollen containing a foreign gene can poison butterflies or fertilize plants miles away That invisibility is precisely what worries people How exactly will genetically modified crops affect the environment and when will we notice Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops But critics fear the potential risks and wonder how big the benefits really are We have so many questions about these plants remarks Guenther Stotzky a soil microbiologist at New York University There s a lot we don t know and need to find out As genetically modified crops multiply in the landscape unprecedented numbers of researchers have started fanning into the fields to get the missing information Some of their recent findings are reassuring others suggest a need for vigilance 1 Majority of people in those countries maintaining a long history of agriculture believe A genetically modified crop is beneficial B genetically modified crop causes environmental problems C high tech crop is a great benefit to the world D genetically modified foods is a heated topic 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 B 定位 由题干中的majority of people in 和long history of agriculture可以定位到第一段第二 三句For many people the concept of geneti cally altered high tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental Particmlary in countries the idea seems against nature 精解 题干中的majority of people和文章中的many people意思相近 题干中的long history of agriculture意为 悠久的农业历史 与文章第一段最后一句中的long agrarian traditions意思相同 分析定位句可以得出大多数的人 尤其是有悠久农业历史的国家的人普遍认为转基因作物会引 起环境 健康等问题 所以本题答案为B 2 How much genetically modified corn was planted in the US last year A More than half B 65 million acres C One third D Three quarters 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 定位 根据题干中的genetically modified com 和 in the US last year可以迅速定位到文章的第二 段第二句 A third of the com grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology 精解 根据定位句可知 去年的转基因玉米的种植面积占到三分之一 转基因大豆和棉花种植 面积占到一半多 因此本题答案应为C 3 Why is the debate on genetically modified foods more heated in developing countries A Because they have a rich range of foods B Because the supply outstrips the need C Because they have to feed fast growing populations D Because the risks outweigh the benefits 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 定位 根据题干中的debate on genetically modified foods 和 heated in developing countries可以 定位到第三段第四句In developing countries desperate to feed fast growing and underfed populations 精解 第三段讨论的是发达国家和发展中国家对待转基因食品的态度 由于发达国家的食品种 类丰富并且供过于求 所以debate about biotech is tempered 缓和的 而发展中国家人口增长迅 速且大多吃不饱 需要大量食品 所以对于是否要采用转基因食品来解决人口和健康问题就显 得很迫切 由此可知C 为本题答案 4 According to the UN s prediction the growth population from now to 2050 is nearly all in A western countries B African countries C developed countries D developing countries 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 D 定位 根据题干中的According to the UN s prediction the growth population from now to 2050 可以定位到第四段的第三句And by 2050 the UN estimates it will probably near 9 billion Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries 精解 根据题干在文章中的定位 题干中的prediction和文章中的estimate是同义词 都是 估计 预测 的意思 题干中的nearly和文章中的almost也是同义词 而第四句中的that指代的就是第三 句中联合国估计的增长人口 occur有 发生 出现 的意思 即增长的人口几乎都发生在developing countries 所以 本题答案为D 5 Genetically modified crops can help to improve A nutrient contents and farming productivity B beta carotene contents in rice C vitamin A and iron elements in crop D attribution to resist insects 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 定位 根据题干中的Genetically modified crops can help to improve可以定位到第一个小标题下 的第一段第二句Biotech can also improve farming productivity 精解 分析题干可知 本题考查的是对文章内容的总结能力 该段第一句主要讲述了生物科技 改善大米及其他作物的营养成分 第二句讲述了生物科技改善农业生产力 由此可知转基因作 物能改善作物的营养成分和农业生产力 故本题答案为A 6 What was the reason that led to the loss of more than half of African main food two years ago A Drought B Toxin in the crop C The mosaic virus D The barren soil 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 定位 根据题干中的led to the loss of more than half of African main food two years ago可以定位 到第一个小标题下的第三段第二句Two years ago Africa lost more than half its cassava crop a key source of calories to the mosaic virus 精解 题干考查的是两年前导致非洲玉米主要食物损失一半以上的原因 根据定位句 可以找 出题干中所指的main food指的是文章中的a key source of calories 即cassava crop 因此 根据定 位句可知这一损失是由the mosaic virus引起的 所以本题答案为C 7 The most important factor that leads to hunger in developing countries is A lost crops B global greenhouse effect C economic crisis D poverty 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 D 定位 根据题干中的The most important factor that leads to hunger可以定位到第一个小标题下的 第五段第二 三句In developing countries lost crops are only one cause of hunger Poverty plays the largest role 精解 定位句讲到了lost crops是导致饥饿的一个因素 接着在第三句中讲到poverty扮演着最大 的角色 其中在the largest role后省略了in causing hunger 所以 本题答案为D 8 Those people and countries which are restricting and opposed to genetically modified plants worry about 这道题您没有回答 答案 the safety of genetically modified food 定位 由题干中的 are restricting and opposed to genetically modified plants 可以定位到第 二个小标题下的第二段倒数第三句Taking that view many European countries are restricting the planting and importation of genetically modified agricultural products 精解 定位句中讲到 许多欧洲国家严格限制转基因农作物产品的种植和进口 而在下一句指 出 主要的争议集中在基因改造食物的安全性 Much of the debate hinges on perceptions of safety 所以在题干的空白处应填入the safety of genetically modified food 9 The far flung outrage destroys fields and plants because they misidentified 这道题您没有回答 答案 ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties 定位 根据题干中的The far flung outrage destroys fields and plants定位到第二个小标题下的第四 段This farflung outrage took aim at genetically modified crops But the protests backfired all the destroyed plants were conventionally bred In each case activists mistook ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties 精解 题干中的misidentified和文章中的mistook都有 弄错 误解 的意思 所以mistook后面所 跟的短语ordinary plants for genetically modified varieties即是本题的答案 10 Some people boost genetically modified crops on the condition that these altered plants contain 这道题您没有回答 答案 fewer toxic pesticides 定位 根据题干中的Some people boost genetically modified crops 可以定位到第二个小标题 下的第六段第一句Advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops say the plants will benefit the environment by requiring fewer toxic pesticides than conventional crops 精解 题干中的people boost genetically modified crops和文章中的advocates of genetically modified or transgenic crops属于同义转换 而原文是will by 结构表示 在一定的条件下将 会 与题干中的on the condition that属于同义结构转换 原文中的require与题干中的contain 意思相近 故requiring后面的内容 fewer toxic pesticides即是本题的答案 Part Listening Comprehension Section A Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A B C and D and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard 语音播放 语音下载 11 A The man s clothes B The man s hairstyle C The Santa Anita mall D where to shop 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 听力原文 W I absolutely love what you re wearing today Seriously it looks really nice on you Where did you buy it M Thank you I bought it from the Macy s at the Santa Anita mall Q What are the two speakers talking about 听前猜测 根据四个选项中的关键词clothes hairstyle mall shop推测本题内容关于服饰 精解 对话中 女士说她喜欢男士今天的穿着 然后问他从哪买的 男士说是在Santa Anita购 物中心的 Macy s专卖店买的 故本题答案为A 12 A The man is a visitor and the city is new for him B It s forbidden to turn right when the light is red there C The woman didn t take driver s license with her D The man has already fixed the woman s car 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 B 听力原文 M Excuse me Madam Didn t you see the red light May I see your driver s license please W Oh I thought I could make a right when it turns on red here Q What can we learn from the conversation 听前猜测 根据四个选项的内容推测本题考查对话者的职业或人物关系 精解 对话中男士问女士是否看见红灯了 并请女士出示她的驾驶证 女士说她还以为可以在 红灯时右拐 故本题答案为B 13 A He will probably get the job B He will probably fail C The chance is half and half D He is not satisfied with the offer 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 A 听力原文 W Hi Burt I heard you re looking for a new job How is it going M I just had an interview yesterday I think I did well The director seemed to like me They said they would make a decision by this Friday I believe I have a very good chance Q What does the man think of his interview 听前猜测 根据四个选项中的关键词job fail chance offer推测本题考查男士面试的结果 精解 对话中 女士问男士的工作找得怎么样了 男士说昨天去面试了 他认为自己表现得很 好 而且主管看上去对他的表现很满意 他觉得自己的机会很大 故本题答案为A 14 A He likes potatoes very much B He doesn t know much about TV C He is fond of watching TV D He is as fat as a potato 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 听力原文 W How is your new roommate M Well all I could say is that he s a real couch potato Last weekend he invited me over to his parent s house to watch TV I bet watching TV is his only hobby but he surely doesn t know much Q What can we learn about the man s new roommate 听前猜测 四个选项均为以he作主语的陈述句 根据关键词likes doesn t know fond of推测提 问男士的个人生活 精解 对话中 女士问男士的新室友怎么样 男士说自己的新室友是个电视迷 上个周末他还 被新室友邀请去他父母家看电视 故本题答案为C 拓展 couch potato指那些整天坐着看电视的人 类似的短语有mouse potato 指沉迷于电脑的人 15 A He will fly to France B He will meet his parents at the airport C He will prepare the decoration D He will go to a party 这道题您没有回答 回答错误 答案 C 听力原文 M Hi Carol I was just wondering if you would come by this afternoon and give me a hand with the decoration for next week s party W I m sorry Bill I really can t today I have to go to the airport to meet my parents coming ba