09年高考英语试题分类汇编阅读表达(全解析).doc

2009年高考英语试题分类汇编阅读表达（全解析）一、（2009.天津卷原创解析）第一节:阅读表达（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）阅读下面短文,并按照题目要求用英语回答问题.Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）. They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will knowor even think to askwho it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries around in baskets they had to carry.One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldnt wait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. “Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.But Goldman wasnt beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony（假冒的） customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people comethose who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thats one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937before the coming of the shopping cart.第一节评分标准2分1分0分作答内容准确，符合题干要求；语义完整；语言通顺、连续；语法或单词拼写（含大小写）准确无误。作答内容基本符合题干要求；语义基本完整；语言基本通顺；有个别语法或单词拼写（含大小写）错误，但不影响理解。没有作答；作答内容完全不符合题干要求；写出只言片语但不构成语义；无语法可言；无准确拼写的单词。56. The underlined words “chrome-plate contraptions” in Paragraph 1 refer to _.（No more than 3 words）【答案】 shopping carts【解析】词义猜测题。由上句-a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart（购物手推车）可以得出谈的是.购物手推车。57. What was the purpose of Goldmans invention? （No more than 10 words）【答案】It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.【解析】细节理解表达。由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging（吃力地携带） groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的。58. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? （No more than 10 words）【答案】Because few customers used his carts.【解析】细节理解表达。由第五段可知。59. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? （No more than 10 words）【答案】 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts.【解析】细节推理表达题。由第七段关键词-persuade people to give them a try.可知。60. What do you think of Goldman? Please give your reasons. （No more than 20 words）【答案】He was a smart businessman. He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers.Or: He was smart but he shouldnt have used tricks to attract customers.【解析】主旨大意表达题。通读全文把握大意，本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车。二、（2009.山东卷） 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） Ks5u阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。 Ks5u1 Hello. Its one of the first words we learn as babies, yet its one of the last ones we think to use as adults. Thats unfortunate, because saying hello is more than just saying helloit is recognition of anothers worth. How might the world changehow might we changeif we mastered this word? To find out, I spent one month saying hello to every person I met. Heres what Ive learned. Ks5u2 It can boost （促进） productivity. In one of the few studies ever done on this subject, Allan Allday, an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University, had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning. This exchange of greetings raised the kids productivity. School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. Ks5u3 Environments influence friendliness, One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside. And researchers say, pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones. My experience was similarly. Whatever the reason, my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one. Similarly, people in vacation spots, like the Jersey Shore, were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown. Ks5u4 Its a form of universal health insurance. Its impossible to say hello without smiling. And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure, relieve stress and boost happiness. Apparently, a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient （接受者）。 Ks5u5 So maybe we can make the world a better place by_. After a month of doing it. I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well-being. Ks5u76. What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1? （within 8 words） Ks5u_ Ks5u77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Ks5uTeachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests. Ks_ Ks5u78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. （within 5 words） Ks5u79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. （within 8 words） Ks5u Ks5u80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Chinese. Ks5u_76. 【答案】Adults are not willing to say hello. 【解析】由Hello. Its one of the first words we learn as babies, yet its one of the last ones we think to use as adults.可知。77.【答案】 School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades. 5【】u【解析】由所给句子关键词friendlier, scored higher可知第二段的最后一句合适。78. 【答案】saying hello to each other/ greeting each other/ saying hello【解析】由整体文意和五段上下文可知。79. 【答案】lowering blood pressure relieving stress boosting happiness【解析】从文中2、3、4可知。80. 【答案】不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。三、（2009.湖南卷） 简答题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题，并将答案转写到答题卡上。A long time ago, Milton S. Hershey, the creator of the popular chocolate bars, was dipped in warm chocolate. I know all about it. My grandfather was there!At nineteen, Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia. Although it failed, he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels. But Hershey was not content. He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900. They were an instant success. In 1903, Hershey built a factory.Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke. However, in his chocolate factory, he held high standards for all the workers. He was both respected and feared. His anger would burst out when things didnt go as hed expected, and workers were fired for mistakes.My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man. His job was to push the vats （大桶） of warm chocolate to a storage area. To do this, he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp （斜坡） and across the walkway. One day, Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp. Bump. Clunk. Ker-plop! Hershey fell backward into the vat. Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out. Grandfather froze in fear. Was he going to lose his job?Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips. Color rose in his face. He said something in a low voice. Then he smiled. “Its not your fault, son,” he said. “I need to watch where Im going.” He put some chocolate in his mouth. “Mmm, thats good,” he said. Everyone laughed. The tour continued, with Hershey dripping chocolate as he went. And Grandfather kept his job.73. What did Grandfather do in Hersheys factory? （回答词数不超过12个）He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.【答案】He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area.【解析】由第四段第一题行可知。74. Why didnt Hershey fire Grandfather? （回答词数不超过10个）Because he realized it was his own fault.Because he realized it was not Grandfathers fault/mistake.【答案】Because he realized it was his own fault.Because he realized it was not Grandfathers fault/mistake.【解析】由第五段的第二行可知。75. What does the incident show us about Hershey? （回答词数不超过15个）（It shows us that） Hershey was pleasant, humorous, kind （to others） and really respectable.【答案】（It shows us that） Hershey was pleasant, humorous, kind （to others） and really respectable.【解析】由第五段可知。四、（2009.湖南卷）：书面表达（共两节，满分35分）第一节 填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。注意：每空不超过3个单词。What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers two aspects of fashion ecological and ethical （伦理的）. Ecological fashion usually refers to textile （织物） and clothing production processes and the environmental issues （议题） surrounding them; ethical fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily. Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-making （人造纤维生产） brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects. We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.Then, how to solve the problems? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting sustainable （可持续使用的） materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption.Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact, choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet.Why choose eco-fashion?76 of fashionEcologicalTextile & clothing production processesRelated environmental issuesEthical77 involved78 with fashionTextile productionCotton-planting: use of pesticides79 : global warmingSynthetics-making: harmful waste80Consuming a great deal of energyUsing harmful chemicalsProducing a lot of wasteConsumption levels & shopping habitsNew clothes: bought 81Old clothes: thrown away quickly82 to problemsFashion producersWays to 83 and minimize waste:l Switching to green energyl Reducing energy usel Selecting sustainable materialsl Choosing local suppliers84Selecting environmentally friendly clothing85Choosing eco-fashion can contribute to our personal health.【答案】76. Aspects/Two aspects77. Working conditions78. Problems79. Sheep-farming and wool-cleaning:80. Clothing production81. in increasing quantities82. Solutions83. recycle84. Consumers85. Reducing clothing consumption五、（209.广东卷） 信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。首先请阅读下列儿童读物的封面及基本信息: 下面是这些书的简要内容。请把相关的内容与它们的书名匹配起来。56. This picture book explores the life of a tree that has deep roots，long arms，and many children. She provides shelter for many animals and bears fruit. The author uses colorful, simple，yet detailed watercolor illustrations to convey her words. The charming pictures show the many aspects in the life of a tree down to the caterpillars that eat the leaves. It is good for pre-school children. 57. This charming picture book highlights the life of a garden，from planting seeds to harvesting. With the narrator as guide，the reader is led through a variety of free verse and occasionally rhymed poems that fill in the story of a garden and its inhabitants. The pictures. delightful watercolors in bright pastels，add to the whimsical feel of the poems. Young readers will certainly enjoy this fun and fanciful text. 58. This is a story from 1956 which introduces a little boy who likes to go fishing with a tree limb， a woman，and a pin. Although he never catches anything，on this particular day he finally does hook three big ones，but the little one gets away. The boy pulls them home in his wagon and his mother cooks them for supper. The swinging rhythms of the text and the good humor evident in the illustrations remain fun for the youngest readers. 59. This useful，attractive，oversize volume uses its height well，employing a tree metaphor to show the earths various kinds of life and how all living things. from bacteria to the largest mammals，are related. Each spread covers one branch of the animal kingdom. To make the enormity of species understandable. Strauss equates individual species（e. g. ，1 0，000 bacteria）with one leaf on the tree. 60. This is a story about how a grandfather teaches his eager granddaughter to catch speckled trout from the stream in springtime. After a whole day on the lake，only Grandpa is lucky. The next morning the young fisherman hurries to the dock alone，and soon she hooks the catch of a lifetime. Young readers will appreciate this story that celebrates the special bond between the older and younger generation，while brilliant watercolor illustrations capture the beauty of the natural world 56【答案】E【解析】由56的第一句话可知。57【答案】A【解析】由关键词garden可知。58【答案】D【解析】找准关键词fish可知。59【答案】F【解析】由59的the earths various kinds of life and how all living things可知。60【答案】C【解析】由60的关键词catch speckled， on the lake可知。六、（2009.浙江卷）: Bryan、Olga、Scott、Anna 和David正在进行一项“企业家成功秘诀调查”。他们将采访几位企业家。第61-65题是他们拟定的采访话题。阅读下面刊登在Entrepreneur（企业家）杂志上6位企业家的成功感言（A.B.C.D.E和F），为每位采访者选定最佳采访对象，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。 ks5u61Bryan: What comes first, the customer or the profit? ks5u62. Olga: How important is an entrepreneurs ambition to his/her companys growth? ks5u63. Scott: How does an entrepreneur make use of his/her advantages? ks5u64. Anna: Why do successful entrepreneurs seem to enjoy their work? ks5u65. David: What attitude should an entrepreneur have toward his/her social responsibilities? ks5uA ks5uSheri Poe ks5uRyka Inc. ks5uSince I started this company in my kitchen seven years ago. I always dreamt of what it would be some day. Focusing on that goal helps me get through tough times .To get the kind of success that you want, you need to dream big .Thats the starting point, Every success story begins with big dreams. You need to have big dreams for yourself, like being somebody rich, famous or fulfilled .You need to have a clear goal of what you want to achieve. ks5uAlso, I think its really important that the people youre working with are as committed to the same goal as you are, so you can support each other and keep each other energetic. ks5uB ks5uAnita Roddick ks5uThe Body Shop Inc. ks5uIn America, we have a shop in Harlem where 50 percent of the profits go into the community development, and the other 50 percent go toward the funding of a similar shop elsewhere in the United States. The pride that shop brings to the staff and local people inspired me. ks5uWhat The Body Shop does successfully is use our facilities in the street and shopping centers to talk about real human issues like AIDS. recycling, human rights, and community service or to encourage people to speak out against anything they consider to be unjust. Knowing our products are symbols of social change is really encouraging. ks5uC ks5uBen Cohen ks5uBen &Jerrys Homemade Inc. ks5uIm energized by the people I work with. Im very relationship-driven, which a think is different from most entrepreneurs. Im inspired by doing things that are not normal and that most people think dont fit into the business world or dont make any sense. ks5uIn business, you are judged by the company you keepfrom your management team, board of directors, and strategic partners. Maybe the lady you met in a trade association meeting can help you secure funding, or the gentleman at a conference can provide you with management advice. ks5uD ks5uRichard Melman ks5uLettuce Entertain You Enterprises ks5uA. number of years ago, I was interviewed by someone who was writing a book on enterprises. He asked me. ”Whats the opposite of work?” I answered. ”Lazy” He started laughing and said, ” Believe it or not, a lot of entrepreneurs say the same thing.” ks5uThe average person thinks the opposite of work is play, but to an entrepreneur, work is play. I think it all adds up to having fun. its fun to create; its fun to entertain, and its fun to make people happy with our service. When it stops being fun. Ill stop doin