学案-直接引语和间接引语.docVIP

预习学案-直接引语和间接引语海南中学 殷卫娟【自我阅读：仔细阅读，并圈出关键词句。】引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫 直接引语。直接引语通常都用 “ ”括起来。用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。例如：Direct Speech（直接引语）She said, “I like singing. ”She said, “I am waiting for a bus.”She said, “I visited Europe last year.”思考：在改为间接引语时，宾语从句部分的时态有什么变化呢？你可以在讲义中找到答案。She said, “I have never met an American.”She said, “I will see you next week.” Reported Speech （间接引语）She said she liked singing.She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.She said she had never met an American. She said she would see me the next week. 引语的用法直接引语是陈述句变为间接引语时用连词that引导宾语从句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等相应变化.、人称的变化 口诀说明直接引语间接引语 一 随 主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致She said,“ I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennis. 二 随 宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致He said to Lily,“ You must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early. 第三 人称 不变引号内的第三人称在变间引后人称不变She said to me , “ They want tohelp him.”She told me that they wanted to help him.2. 时态的变化 主句一般现在时, 宾语从句根据实际情况用任何时态。1 He says that he goes to school at 7a.m. every day. 2. The teacher says that he will give them a big surprise. 3. Jack tells me that he has finished his homework. 4. The boy says that he was doing housework at this time yesterday. 5. My mother says he was busy all day yesterday. 主句一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时。 直接引语间接引语（所构成的宾语从句）一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时 过去完成时现在完成时 过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.”The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.3. 代词及时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词 this, these That, those时 间 状 语 now, today this week yesterday last week four days ago the day before yesterday tomorrow next month then that day that week the day before the week before four days before two days before the next/following day the next/following month地点状语 here there直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时：1）直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。2）直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词 if 或 whether 连接。3）直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。例如：Direct Speech (直接引语)She asked, “Have you seen the film?”思考：你能理解这些句型中连接词、语序、时态都发生了哪些变化吗？He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”Reported Speech （间接引语）She asked me whetherif I had seen the film.He asked John ifwhether he was a doctor. She asked us where we were going to get off.He asked them who had given them a talk the day before.【自我训练： 圈出有困难的题目。】A 连句1. He asks, “ Why is he late?” _.2. The boy says, “My father likes playing cards very much.” _.3. He said, “ I have finished all my homework.” _. 4. The boys asked, “Did you find the lost cat?” 注意：引导词、时态、语序！ _5. The old man asked, “ What are you doing for the charity show?” _ B 句子翻译1 他说他后天有空。_2 他问我什么时候去的美国。_3 玛丽问我明天是否去医院。_4 那男孩说电影已经放映了20分钟了。_5 老师说一年有十二个月。_My work Wri