八下Unit 9教学笔记与练习.doc

Unit 9Have you ever been to an amusement park?邾城二中 黄泽香【重点词语】 1record (1)record作名词，表示“记录” This is a record of school attendance. 这是一份学生考勤记录。 He kept a record of what the speaker sail. 他把说话人所说的话都记录了下来。(2)record作名词还可表示“有关某人或某物过去的已知事实；档案记录”。 He has an honorable record of service. 他有光荣的服务记录。(3)record作动词，表示“写出以作参考、记录”。The tape recorder has recorded his voice 录音机已经录下了他的声音。Listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says. 仔细听讲，然后记下他所说的话。2. have been to表示“到(去)过某处”，现在已不在那个地方。 He has been to England 他曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？ 你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或在去英国的路上)3. timen. U 时间，时候 Time never stands still.时间不会停滞不前。 The time has come for us to speak out.是我们大胆讲话的时候了。 n. C 一段时间，时刻 You have taken a long time writing the letter.你用了很长时间写这封信。 We had a good time together.我们一起度过了愉快的时光。 n. (多用复数)时代 He is one of the best actors in modern times.他是现代最好的演员之一。 In Shakespeares time there were no actresses on the English stage.莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。 n. 次；倍 This is the first time that I have ever been abroad.这真是我第一次出国。 Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房间是我的三倍大。 注意： 作“倍，次”，必须用于“三次（倍）”以上，一、二次（倍）用once，twice表示。 4. attract (1)用作及物动词，可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。 The noise attracted his attention.喧嚷声引起了他的注意。(2)attract常用于be attracted to sb / sth结构，意为“喜爱某人或某物”。 Im very attracted to her. 我非常喜欢她。5. discover(1)作“发现”讲时，作及物动词，后跟名词作宾语，指的是那些原来已存在的，但不为人知的物或事等 They discovered him stealing public property.他们发现他盗窃公共财产。 Who discovered the America?谁发现了美洲？(2)discover还可意为“知道事实，答案” I soon discovered the truth.不久我便知道了真相。6. onethe other 表示“(两者中的)一个另一个”，该短语是代词短语，强调两个当中的一个另一个。注意其基数必须是两个。I have two sister. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.我有两个姐姐，一个是医生，一个是老师。 Hold it in this hand，not the other. 用这只手握着，不要用那只手。7. for example 表示“例如”，该短语常用在句中作插入语，用于举例说明情况，可放在句首、句中或句末，但常用逗号与正文隔开。常置于句首。 We feed many animals，for example，cows，pigs，dogs，horses etc. 我们喂养很多的动物，例如奶牛、猪、狗、马等等。 For example，Jack Booth，a 21-year-old man，gave up his job in San Francisco Library a year ago. 例如，21岁的杰克布斯在一年前放弃了他在旧金山图书馆的工作。 For example，I know the film star Zhang Ziyi. 譬如，我认识电影明星章子怡。8. mean (1)mean作及物动词，意为“意思是，意味着”。 What does this word mean?这个单词是什么意思？(2)mean意为“意思是”，还可跟that引导的宾语从句。 The teacher meant that you must listen carefully in class. 老师的意思是你上课必须认真听讲。(3)mean还可意为“意味着”，后跟动名词作宾语。 What he said means sending you to the hospital. 他说的话得意思着要送你去医院。(4)mean还可意为“打算，意图”，后跟动词不定式作宾语。 I dont mean to hurt you. 我并无意伤害你。 What do you mean to do next? 你下一步打算做什么？9. own (1)own意为“自己的，特有的”，常与名词所有格连用，起加强语气的作用。 Its nice if I can have my own room. 我要是能有自己的房间就好了。(2)own作代词，意为“属于某人之物”，相当于一个名词性物主代词。 Those books belong to the library but this is my own. 那些书是图书馆的，但这本是我自己的。(3)own还可作动词，表示“拥有，有”。 We dont rent our house; we own it. 我们的房子不是租的，是我们自己的。(4)own作动词，还可表示“承认，自白”。 He owned to have done it. 他承认曾经干过这件事。10. ask for 表示“要求，请求”。Bill did a lot for me without asking for any reward比尔为我做了许多事，没要任何报酬。Dont serve water at meals unless someone asks for it.除非有人要，就餐时不要端水上去。Ive asked for an interview with the manager.我已请求与经理见面。If you get into difficulties，dont hesitate to ask for advice. 如果你陷入困境，应立即去请求建议。If I had asked for direction，I wouldnt have lost my way. 我要问一问方向的话，就不会迷路了。11. population：人口（集合名词） population直接作主语时意为“人口数”，这时谓语动词要用单数。The population of the city is 60 million. “某地有多少人”的表示方法：v The population of + 某地 + is + 数词The population of China is about 1.4 billion.v 某地 + has a population of + 数词 询问人口数：用what或how big/large中国的人口是多少？表示人口多用 big / large , 表示人口少用small。10 000 years ago, the worlds population was _. But now, its much _.人口增加用grow，人口减少用fall。neither形容词，意为“两者都不”，置于单数名词前Neither girl has been there before. 两个女孩以前都没去过那。代词，意为“两者都不，双方均不”。Neither of the girls has been there before.I like neither. 连词， 常用短语：neither . nor .表示“既不 .，也不.。”Neither he nor I _ interested in it. (be) (_原则)Neither you, nor he, nor anyone else _ the answer. (know)I have neither time nor money. I will believe neither you nor _. (he)副词，作“也不”，放在句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于后面的人或物， 形容词或副词提前，需用倒装句。注意：neither作主语时，通常被视为单数，但有复数意义。v neither. nor .；either . or .；not only ., but also .连接两个并列结构,句型中使用就近原则，both . and .句型中，谓语动词用复数形式。-I dont like this dress. -Neither do I. (I dont like this dress, either)If you cant solve it, neither can he. (He cant solve it, either.)I am not interested in it, neither is he. (He is not interested in it, either.)练：If you dont help me, neither _ others. neither, nor, so引导的倒装句：1) 句式：v Neither/Nor/So + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语. 表示“.也/也不”。Neither do I. = Nor do I. 我也不。So do I. 我也是。v So + 主语 + 助动词/be动词/情态动词. 表“确实如此”，用于同意上文中的对方的观点。- It is a nice day. - So it is. -它确实是个好天气。【重难点分析】1Have you ever been to a water park?你曾去过水上公园吗？ No，I havent.不，没去过。 Me，neither.我也没去过。(1)have been to表示某人“去过某地，现在已经回来了”，可用于各种人称。 I have been to the Summer Palace.我去过颐和园。Have you ever been to Shanghai?你曾经去过上海吗？ I have never been to the city.我从没去过那座城市。(2)副词ever意为“曾经，以前，无论何时”表示一个不确定的时间。主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句、比较句等。 Have you ever been to Paris?你曾去过巴黎吗? We hardly ever go out at night. 我们晚上很少出去。(3)本句中Me，neither. 是口语化的简略回答。一般情况下用Neither have I，为“neither + 系/助/情态动词+主语”结构，neither在此意为“也不”，表示主语所做的动作与前面提到过的人或事相同，是为了避免语言重复，其中的系/助/情态动词在时态上与前一句保持一致，而在数上要与其后的主语一致。 I cant swim. 我不会游泳。 Neither can I. 我也不会。 I dont want to go, neither will I.我不想去，也不会去。 He didnt go to school. Neither did she.他没去上学，她也没去。(4)若在肯定句中表示“也”，则要用“so +系/助/情态动词”。 I am a student，so is my sister. 我是学生，我妹妹也是学生。 He can swim，so can I. 他会游泳，我也会。 I feel happy，so does he. 我高兴，他也高兴。2. All the houses look like houses in Holland. 所有的房子看起来像荷兰的房子。 句子look是系动词，后跟介词短语作表语。look like表示“像，与相似”是一动词短语。 He looks so much like his brother that people often mistake them for each other. 他和他弟弟十分相像，人们常错认他们。 These houses look exactly like each other，which makes the street look very dull. 这些房屋一模一样，使这条街显得单调乏味。3. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many other famous Disney characters. 我们大部分人可能都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭还有其他许多有名的迪士尼人物。(1)hear of为动介结构，后面常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，表示听到有关某事的消息或情况。 They have never heard of that.他们从未听说过那件事。hear of后一般不接从句，要接从句时，则不用of。例如： I heard our Chinese teacher was ill.我听说我们的语文教师病了。(2)probably表示“可能”，是一种推测。 He will probably succeed.他很可能会成功。4. I want to study in an English-speaking country.我想到一个说英语的国家深造。(1)want to do sth 意为“想要做某事”。 Did you want to tell me something?你想告诉我些什么吗？(2)English-speaking是合成形容词，表示“说英语的”，注意spoken English表示“英语口语”。5. Ive never been to an amusement park like it before. 我以前从未去过那样的露天游乐场。(1)副词never作“永不，决不”解，表示全部否定，一般指经常性的状态，不用于修饰一次性的具体动作；一般位于系动词及助动词之后，实义动词之前，如修饰动词不定式或分词，则要放在不定式或分词之前；never可用于句首加强语气，其后的句子要主谓倒装。 I can never understand why Mary said nothing about her wrongs. 我绝不理解玛丽说的她什么也没有做错。 I hope never to see him again 我希望再也不要见到他。 He is never late for class他上课从不迟到。 Never have l seen such a strange person我从来没看见过这样的怪人。(2)before用作副词表示“以前”。泛指“以前”时，谓语动词可用一般过去时表示过去发生过，也可用现在完成时则表示对现在的影响。用于特指时通常置于表示具体时间的名词之后。 We saw that film before. 那部电影我们以前看过。 I have never seen such a beautiful scene. 我从来没有见过这样美丽的景象。 It came across my mind that l had met him somewhere before. 我突然意识到我曾在什么地方见过他。6. Heres what two of our students said about our school.这就是两个我们的学生所说的关于我们学校的情况。(1)这是一个含有主语从句的倒装的主从复合句。连接代词what既引导主语从句，又在从句中作said的宾语。 What he said is true他所说的是真的。 What l need most is your help我最需要的是你的帮助。 What we need badly are more teachers我们急需的是更多的老师。(2)副词here置于句首要用倒装语序，主语为代词部分倒装，主语为名词全部倒装。 Here it is.给你。 Here is a letter for you.这是给你的来信。 Here comes the bus!汽车来了!Heres the book youre looking for.这就是你正在找的书。Here he comes!他来了!7. It was because I could speak English that I got the job. 正是因为我会讲英语我才得到了这份工作。 这是一个强调结构，强调原因状语从句。强调结构的句式是“It+be+被强调成分+that”。被强调的是简单句的主语、宾语、宾补或状语，不能强调谓语、定语或表语。强调对象是人作主语时可用who，作宾语时用whom，其余一律用that。 It was my father whothat did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 正是父亲昨天晚上在实验室作实验。 It was at the gate of the school I met Tom.正是在校门口我见到汤姆。 It was last week that l attended an art exhibition for the first time. 是上周我才第一次参观一个艺术展览。 It was not until he broke my favorite vase that l flew into rages.我是在他打碎了我的花瓶时才生气的。 It was because he was ill that he didnt come to the school yesterday.正是因为他病了昨天才没来上学。8. It takes about forty minutes. 它花费约40分钟。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一段时间如：It took him two weeks to make the trip. take 作为动词，主要有以下几种用法：1）拿，取 I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿些书到教室。 2）吃，喝，服用，放 Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。 Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？ 3）乘车(船)等 Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？ They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。 4）常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等”。 How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间？ It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week.每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。 5）“做事情”, 常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作 如：take a walk 散步； take a rest 休息一下； take a look 看一看。take 构成常用的重要词组1. take away 拿走 Tom takes the knife away from the little boy. 汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。 2. take care (=be careful=look out) 注意，小心 Take care! The car is coming! 小心！车来了！ 3. take (good) care of (好好)照顾，照料 I can take care of the baby all by myself. 我自己能照顾这个小孩。4. take down 取下来Take down the picture and put up the map of the world.摘下这张画，挂上一幅世界地图。 5. take out 拿出 Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it, OK? 拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？ 6. take off 脱下；(飞机等)起飞 Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room.对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。 The plane is going to take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。 7. take ones time 别着急，慢慢来 Please take your time! 别着急，慢慢来！ 8. take ones temperature 量体温 Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now. 明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。【词语辨析】1. hear，hear of与hear from(1)hear为及物动词，意为“听见，听到”，后可跟复合宾语，hear sb do sth表示“听见某人做了某事”或hear sb doing sth表示“听见某人正做某事”。 We listened but could hear nothing.我们留心听，却什么也没有听见。 I heard her singing in her room.我听见她正在房间里唱歌。(2)hear还可作“听说”讲，后常跟that引导的宾语从句。 I heard that he was ill.我听说他病了。 I heard that its a good film.我听说那是部好影片。(3)hear of意为“听说”，后跟人或物作宾语。 Ive never heard of that place.我从未听说过那个地方。 Have you ever heard of that story?你听说过那个故事吗？(4)hear from意为“收到某人的来信”，后跟人作宾语。 How often do you hear from your sister?你多长时间收到你姐姐的一次信？ I heard from him last week. 我上周收到他的信。2. find，find out与look for都含有“寻找，找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。(1)find意为“找到，发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找的结果。 Will you find me a pen?你替我找支钢笔好吗？ He didnt find his bike.他没找到他的自行车。(2)look for意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。 I dont find my pen；Im looking for it everywhere.我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。 He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。(3)find out意为“找出，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚，弄明白”，通常含有“经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question. 读这篇短文，找出这个问题的答案。3. already，still与yet(1)already用于肯定的陈述句，也可用于疑问句，表示期待肯定回答，或表示惊讶。或用于否定句，也带有否定含义。 When I arrived, he was already there. 我到达时，他已在那儿了。 Is it six oclock already? 已经到6点钟了吗？(2)still通常置于句子中间，意为“仍然，依旧”。例如： She still doesnt understand. 她仍然不明白。(3)still还可作形容词，意为“静止”。例如： The soldier stood there still. 那位士兵站在那一动不动。(4)yet与already意思相近，一般用于否定句和疑问句中，常置于主要动词之前或句末。例如： We have not yet been there. 我们还没有到过那儿。4. other，others，theother，theothers，another，any other，any others(1)other作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为“别的；其他的；另外的”。 Ill come again some other day.我改日再来。 (2)others(=other+复数名词)泛指“部分”含义，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。 The students of Class Four are cleaning the classroom. Some are carrying water，others are sweeping the floor.四班的学生们在打扫教室。一些人在打水，另一些人在扫地。 (3)the other the other表示已知的两个（两部分）人或事物中，特指的“另一个”或“另一些”，其后可跟单数或复数名词。 I have two brothers. One is a doctor，and the other is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一位是医生，另一位是教师。 (4)the others(=theother+复数名词)指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后，“余下的人或物的全部”。 This composition is better than the others. 这篇作文比其他那些都好。 (5)another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的“另一个”。another前面不能用定冠词the，它作为限定词（定语）通常与单数名词连用，但是它后面可以跟few或基数词的复数名词。 This glass is broken，get me another please. 这只玻璃杯坏了，请给我再拿一个。 Ill stay here in another few days. 我要在这儿再呆几天。 注意：other和another都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”，但是结构不同。other的位置是“数词+other+复数名词”，相当于more的用法；而another则是“another+数词+复数名词”。 今天下午我又写了两封信。 I wrote another two letters this afternoon. =I wrote two other letters this afternoon. =I wrote two more letters this afternoon. (6)any other表示一个之外的其它任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。 (7)any others 表示一些之外的其他一些。【习题检测】一. 单项选择1. It _ that he has been ill for a long time.A. seemsB. looksC. looks as ifD. seems as if2. - Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? - Im afraid _ day is possible.A. either B. neitherC. some D. any3. Rose _ an old friend of _ when she was walking along the street. A. met；her B. saw；herC. met；hers D. saw；herself4. - _ have you done with your mobile phone? - Ive _ someone to mend it.A. What；asked B. How；toldC. What；hoped D. How；wanted 5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed6. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up7. Great changes _ place. Many new schools _.A. have taken，have been openedB. take，are openC. are taken，openD. have been taken，are opened8. Ill go to meet you，if I _ free then.A. will beB. would beC. amD. was9. This shirt is so nice，but it _ too much.A. paysB. costsC. takesD. spends10. Where were you _?A. an hour agoB. before an hourC. at timesD. an hour before 11. This pair of trousers is too big. I want _ pair.A. otherB. the otherC. othersD. another( ) 1. Linda _ the space museum after school yesterday. A. has been to B. was going to C. went to( ) 2. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. meet B. will meet C. have met ( ) 3. Have you _ heard of Disneyland? A. always B. ever C. never ( ) 4. _ did you start skating? Five years ago. A. When B. How long C. How often5. Which park would you like to visit, Peoples Park or West Hill Park? _ . I would like to visit Seaside Park.A. Both.B. EitherC. Neither( )6. Im feeling better, so I want to start _ . A. taking lesson B. to take lesson C. taking lessons( )7. It is _ very popular gift. A. a kind of B. kinds of C. the kind of( )8. How can I get there? You can _ .A. take a ride boat B. take a ride on the boat C. take a boat on the ride ( )9. Australia is _ country.A. an English-speaking B. a speaking-English C. a speaking Englishs( )10. The island is quite warm all year round, because its _ the equator.A. nextB. close to C. far fromA) 根据句意拼写下列单词，首字母已给出。（5分）11. Do you know who d_ America? Columbus(哥伦布). 12. How many f_ languages can you speak, Lin Dong? Two. English and Spanish.13. You can find many a_ in that city, for example, the Water World and the amusement park. 14. When you are in Disneyland, you can see Disney c_ walking around it all the time.15. A_ is the third season of the year.B) 从方框内选出短语，并用其适当形式填空。（10分）end up, go on, such as, wake up, rather than16. Jenny likes to eat lots of fruits, _ bananas and oranges.17. I want to be a teacher _ a scientist in the future.18. The two runners took different routes, but they both_ in the same place.19. When I_ this morning, it was already nine o clock.20. We are_ a school trip next Sunday. .单项选择。（15分）1.-Where is Tom now? -He _ the post office. Hell be back soon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to 2.Singapore is a small island _ Southeast Asia, which is a wonderful place to take a holiday.A. in B. on C. to D. into3.-I hear your father _ to Japan once. -Yes. He _ last year. A. went; has been B. has been; went C. goes; went D. has been; has been4.-Im sorry, Lucy. I _ your computer for such a long time. -Never mind. A. have borrowed B. have lent C. have kept D. have returned5. Have you ever _ to Hangzhou?A. be B. b