英语四级英语考试培训宝典：新四级改错答题基本技巧要领培训(全)厦门.doc

英语四级英语考试培训宝典：新四级改错答题基本技巧要领培训（全）厦门考试英语培训机构提供英语四级英语考试培训宝典：新四级改错答题基本技巧要领培训（全）厦门考试英语培训机构提供英语四级英语考试培训宝典：新四级改错答题基本技巧要领培训（全）厦门考试英语培训机构提供新四级改错基本技巧一改错简介在四级新题型考试中，改错题是作为完形填空题的置换题出现的，在实考试卷中只能是二者取其一。所以它在考试中所占分值比例与完形填空一样，也是10%。改错题通常选用一篇200词左右的短文，其中有10个语法结构和用词方面的错误，分布在除首句外的10行中。这些错误可能是因为用错了一个词或词形变化造成的，也可能是因为多用一个词或少用一个词造成的。用错的词可能是意义或形式容易混淆的词，可能是意义相反的词，也可能是造成语法错误或搭配错误的词；词形变化错误可能是词性、时态、语态、性、数、格等语法方面的错误。有的错误在同一短语或句子中一眼就能辨别，有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解全文，答题时，要参阅和琢磨上下文。二. 题型分析改错也是一项综合测试题型。虽然形式不同，但其测试重点与完形填空所覆盖的测试内容大致相同。在解答改错题时，应主要从以下几个方面进行观察和判断：固定搭配考查动词词组、介词词组、形容词词组、动宾词组等固定搭配的用法；语法句法考查单复数、虚拟语态、从句等语法现象；语义逻辑考查上下文的语义关系，常利用反义词来混淆视听；关系连词考查句子内部或句群之间的逻辑关系，例如因果关系、转折关系、递进或并列关系、总分关系等；指代关系考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与被指代的名词的对应关系；词汇用法与完形填空相比较而言，改错部分考查的对象除名词、动词、形容词和副词等实义词的用法外，也经常考查一些功能词的用法，如介词、连词等。三解题技巧1首先，通读全文，把握文章全貌，抓住文章主旨大意，并确定文章的主导时态；如果是议论文，说明文，主要时态应该是一般现在时。 如果是游记或回忆应该是一般过去时为主导，在做题过程中要把握主从时态要协调原则。2然后，逐行阅读，按点找错, 根据上述5类改错题中常见的出题点，按图索骥，对号入座。我们之所以做不好改错的原因，是因为我们不知道哪里容易出错。下面我们将讲到一些常考典型错误和常用错误口诀。3最后，再通读一遍全文，解决难题，复查做好的题，看全篇是否语意通顺。同时也要学会放弃僻题：对于过于生僻的考点，如果无法找出错误与其浪费时间不如合理放弃，因为放弃也是一种智慧。四常考典型错误:（一）一致性方面的错误：1)主谓一致主谓不一致错误是综合改错题内容之一，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接，造成视觉上的混淆。例：The president of the company,together with the workers, are planning a conference for the purpose of solving financial problems.句中主语的主词为单数名词“president”，介词短语“together with the workers”与主语无关，是插入成分，故谓语动词应用单数is。2)名词单复数有时名词可以不用复数，但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰，如many,several,a number of,a variety of等等，就要变成复数形式。例：Computer,as we all know,has many possible use in different fields.句中名词use前的修饰语many是用来修饰复数名词的，所以use应改为uses。3)代词与先行词一致代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必须有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部份相符。这是代词改错的核心。例：A knowledge of several languages is essential to other majors study because without them one can read books only in translation.本句中without them指的是没有几门语言的知识。them错指a knowledge of several languages，因为其中knowledge是中心词，所以要把them改为it。（二）时态、语态、虚拟语气1)时态错误在一篇结构完整、语义连续的短文中，时态的使用也应该连贯一致，但是英语表示时间时，主句和从句时态可能不一致，却仍表明完整正确的意思。这就要求考生对英语敏感，准确判断句中动作的时态。例：He cant remember what he once knows.主句用的是一般现在时，宾语从句中有once(从前)作为明显的时间状语，因而从句中动词应用过去时knew。2)语态错误在综合改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。因为汉语表达习惯上有时不加“被”字也能表示被动，因而考生对被动语态不敏感。另外，不及物动词不能携带宾语，因而也就没有被动语态。例：She was very angry at not telling the truth when she listened to the account.句意：当她听这个叙述的时候，她很生气没有被告知真相。这里“她”是被告诉的对象，因而telling应改为being told。3)虚拟语气错误虚拟语气的使用错误在综合改错题中主要表现为主句和从句的语气不协调。例：We strongly suggest that Henry is told about his physical condition as soon as possible. 句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故is应改为be或should be。类似的动词还有demand, insist, order，等等。（三）连接词、并列句、从属句这类错误常常不易被发现，因为它不属于句子内部的语言知识，而是句子与句子之间的串联的关系。要想把这类错误纠正出来，需要考生对文章有总体的理解，头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变，或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。例：Science is the production of new knowledge that can be applied or not, sincetechnology is the application of knowledge to the production of some products,machinery or the like.句中连词“since”用错了，逗号前后的两个句子从句意上是对照关系，但是since使之变成了因果关系，整个句子变得模糊不清。应把“since”改成“while”或“whereas”。（四）逻辑错误：重点考一种，肯定还是否定的问题。例：Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems. unnecessary五实用错误口诀:（一）谓语和非谓语混用口诀：谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个；其余动词非谓语，非谓形式有三种：V+ing, V+ed 和 to do；现在分词表主动 ，过去分词表被动 ；目的要用不定式，主宾要用动名词；例： Polices records show a surprised link between changes in the seasons and crime patterns. surprising（二）其它错误口诀：见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语；见到that 想从句，从句里给谓语；见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清；见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理；见到平行看结构，形式功能要对。例：Business today whether it is running a little gas-station or a big factory take good management.takes A break in their employment, or a decision to work part time, will slow its raises and promotions-because it would for men. their（三）错误口诀实战演练Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.1._Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture abstract creations 2._like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements and material culture physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs.3._In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make.4._In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak 5._another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, 6._music, literature, philosophy, or history.But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience. 7._Culture is essentially to our humanness. 8._How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? 9._Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, 10._ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations.答案解析：1. Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things. 本题考点：谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:本文已经有两个谓语refers characterize 一个连词that,如果再出现谓语则必须再出现一个连词。一个基本规则请同学们记好：连词数=谓语数-1。所以此时include 后面有宾语最好的改写方式：including 2&3. Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements and material culture physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs. 本题考点： 1)谓语与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:composecomposed 2) 见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清: object-objects 4. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. 本题考点： 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称：both A or B改为both A and B5&6. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history. 本题考点： 1)谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个: 本句中有三个谓语却只有一个引导词，所以应该加一个连词，在can speak 前加一个who. 2)逻辑错误：根据上下文判断 unfamiliar familiar 7. But to sociologists, to be human is to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience. 本题考点：介词与连词误用: because of because 因为后面是一句话8. Culture is essentially to our humanness. 本题考点：副词与形容词误用: essentiallyessential9. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? 本题考点： 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称: laughlaughs 10. Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. 本题考点：放弃僻题 如果supply with 这个短语你没有背过，这个题目解起来就很吃力，所以我们在考场上对于这种题目所采取的态度是：背过则改，没背过则放弃。六新英语四级改错练习题及答案（精选8套）Error Correction:Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a work, add a work or delete a work. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.(1)Most people work to earn a living and they produce goods and services. Goods are either agricultural (like maize) or manufactured (like cars). Services are such things like education, 1._ medicine, and commerce. These people provide 2._ goods; some provide services. Other people provide both goods or services. For example, in the same 3._ garage a man may buy a car or some service which helps him maintain his car. The work people do is called as economic 4._ activity. All economic activities taken together make up the economic system of a town, a city, a country, or the world. Such economic system is the sum-total 5._ of what people do and what they want. The work people do either provides what they need or provides the money with that they can buy essential 6._ commodities. Of course, most people hope to have enough money to buy commodities and services which are essential but which provide some particular 7. _ personal satisfaction, such as toys for children, visits 8. _ the cinema, and books. The science of economics is basic upon the facts 9. _ of our everyday lives. Economists study our everyday lives and the general life of our communities in order to understand the whole economic system of which we are a part. They try to describe the facts of the economy in which we live, and to explain how it works. The economist methods should of course be 10. _ strictly objective and scientific. 参考答案：1. like as 2. Those Some 3. or and 4. called as call 5. Such Such an 6. that which 7. essential nonessential or +not 8. visits visits to 9. basic based 10. economist economists (2)Americans this year will swallow 15000 tons of aspirin, one of safest and most effective drugs 1._ invented by man. The most popular medicines in the 2._ world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild, and it is cheap. For millions of people suffered from arthritics, 3._ it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. it has side effects that, if 4._ relatively mild, are largely unrecognized between users. 5._ Although aspirin was first sold by German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the leaves and tree bark which today is known to 6._ contain salicylates, the chemical in aspirin. Durin