仁爱英语七年级复习提纲.doc

第 14 页 共 14 页 氟力希.张仁爱英语七年级复习提纲一、列举元音字母及其发音规则。元音字母：A a Ee I i O o U u(其余21个均为辅音字母) 开音节：绝对开音节：单独元音构成的音节。例如：I she me he 相对开音节：一个元音字母加一个辅音字母再加一个不发音的e，例如name, these, Chinese, mile, like, those, whole, cute闭音节：一个元音字母加上一个或几个辅音字母。例如：at, desk, begin, not, put二、默写元音音素并写出含有该音素的几个单词。 三、默写辅音音素并写出含有该音素的几个单词。 四、英语口语常识。【不完全爆破】在英语中，当爆破音两两相遇时，前者只做发音姿势，后者发出。例如：Wha(t) day is i(t) today? Wha(t) class, si(t) down【清辅音浊化】在英语中，当爆破音在/s/之后时，/sk/读为/sg/, /sp/读为/sb/，/st/读为/sd/ 。 例如：school, skirt, speak, space, stand, street【句子连读】在英语口语中，前者是辅音（音标），后者是元音时，应该把他们连接起来读。例如：get up, stand up, it is, What are you doing for vacation?五、举例说明什么是第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。【第一人称】表示说话的人及群体。例如：I, we, Tom and I, Tim and we【第二人称】表示听话的人及群体。例如：you, Kate and you【第三人称】不是说话人，也不是听话的人，表示另外的人或物。例如：he, she, it, they, your mother, my brother, the desk, that map, our teachers六、举例说明特殊动词be的用法。主语是第一人称单数的，be动词用am，例如：I am an outgoing boy.主语是第三人称单数用is，例如：My sister is a funny girl. She is a quiet schoolgirl.其余的都用are，例如：Tom and I are good friends. Are you a new student?七、举例说明如何变否定句.【步骤】1、在特殊动词be（am, is, are, was, were）后加not，可以把特殊动词be和not缩写。Tom and I are athletic. -Tom and I arent athletic.She was at home last night. -She wasnt at home last night.2、没有be动词，但有情态动词can/may/must/could，就在情态动词后加not.I can see the bird in the tree. - I cant see the bird in the tree.3、助动词will，would，should后加not,缩写为wont，wouldnt, shouldnt.例如：They will have an English party next Monday.-They wont have an English party next Monday.4、一般现在时：主语是三人称单数的，动词“三单”变为doesnt + 动词原形。She has lunch at school at noon. -She doesnt have lunch at school at noon.主语不是“三单”，动词前加dont即可。They walk to work on Mondays. -They dont walk to work on Mondays.5、一般过去时：谓语动词变为didnt +动词原形.She did homework ten minutes ago. -She didnt do homework ten minutes ago. We had some pizza for breakfast yesterday. -We didnt have any pizza for breakfast yesterday.【高手秘笈】1变否定句，把原来的some系列变成any系列。 Some -any something-anything somebody-anybody someone-anyoneI have some red apples to give him. -I dont have any red apples to give him.2.当谓语中心词是do/does/did时，加了dont, doesnt, didnt后，还要保留动词原形do.例如：We do homework at 8:00 in the evening. -We dont do homework at 8:00 in the evening. She does housework on Sundays. -She doesnt do housework on Sundays. She did Chinese Kung fu last year. -She didnt do Chinese Kung fu last year. 3.动词的原形与过去式一样时，要分清是过去时，还是现在时。She put a pen in my bag. -She didnt put a pen in your bag.She puts a pen in my bag. -She doesnt put a pen in your bag.4.有些否定句特殊，分部分否定和全否定。含有always，all, both, everybody, everyone, everything, very much的句子, 用not表示部分否定,专门的否定词never, none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, notat all表示全否定。She always listens carefully and thinks over problems in class.-She doesnt always listen carefully or think over problems in class.她在课堂上并非总是认真听讲、仔细思考问题。-She never listens carefully and thinks over problems in class. 她在课堂上从来不认真听讲，不仔细思考问题。We are both new students.-We arent both new students. 我们并非都是新生。Neither of us is a new student.我们都不是新生。Everyone is here now. -Everyone isnt here now. 并不是大家都到齐了。No one is here now. 现在，没有人来这儿。5.had better+动词原形，在had better后+not。You had better go away right now. -You had better not go away right now.6.否定前移： I think/believe/suppose you are right. -I dont think/believe/suppose you are right.7.祈使句的否定直接加Dont. Open the door, please. -Dont open the door, please.八、举例说明如何变一般疑问句.【变化口诀】一般疑问并不难，特殊动词be提前；无情无助则加助，有情有助则提前。现在I, you, we, you, they,前do后问不困难；定要注意单三现，does加主加动原。假若遇到过去时，did 加主放前面，做完练习仔细看，动词是否改还原。【解题步骤】1.找出特殊动词be(am, is, are)提前,动词形式不变。 I am babysitting my daughter. -Are you babysitting your daughter? My cousin is a funny girl. - Is your cousin a funny girl?Tom and I are both athletic. -Are Tom and you both athletic?2.没有特殊动词be(am, is, are )，将情态动词can，may，must，need, could提前。动词形式不变。We can see the beautiful picture on the wall.-Can you see the beautiful picture on the wall? 3没有特殊动词be，也没有情态动词can，may，must，就看是否有will，would，如果有就将他们提前，动词形式不变。 They will have an English party next Monday. -Will they have an English party next Monday? There will be a meeting next week. -Will there be a meeting next week? 4上面情况都不是，就要加个助动词提前，而且动词要还为原形。 一般现在时：主语是“非三单”，动词是原形的，就加个助动词do提前，保留动词不变。 I usually have lunch at school from Monday to Friday.-Do you usually have lunch at school from Monday to Friday? They walk to work on Mondays. -Do they walk to work on Mondays?主语“三单”，动词“三单”，就加个助动词does提前，动词一定用原形。 She wants to be a pop singer like Li Yuchun. -Does she want to be a pop singer like Li Yuchun? Our Chinese teacher teaches us really well. -Does your Chinese teacher teach you really well?一般过去时：谓语动词是过去式，加个助动词did提前，动词一定用原形。 She played the guitar ten minutes ago. -Did she play the guitar ten minutes ago?We did our homework yesterday evening. -Did you do your homework yesterday evening?【高手秘笈】1变疑问句，要把原来的第一人称的代词换成第二人称的代词 ,把some系列变成any系列。I, me, we, us-you my, our-your mine, ours-yours Some -any somebody-anybody someone-anyone something-anythingI have some red apples to give him. -Do you have any red apples to give him?2谓语中心词是do, does, did时，加了助动词do, does, did后，还要保留动词原形do.My son does homework at 8:00 in the evening.-Does your son do homework at 8:00 in the evening? I do housework on Sunday mornings. -Do you do housework on Sunday mornings?We did Chinese Kung fu last year. -Did you do Chinese Kung fu last year?3.动词的原形与过去式一样时，要分清是过去时，还是现在时。She hit me in the face. -Did she hit you in the face?She hits me in the face. -Does she hit you in the face?九、特 殊 疑 问 句【结构】特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+剩下部分的一般疑问句+？【考试题型】划线部分提问。【解题思路】关键是确定疑问词，找出疑问词替换划线部分，后面是疑问语序，最后是问号。【例题赏析】1问姓名：用what引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 My/Her/His name is Li Hua. -Whats your/her/his name? Their names are Lucy and Lily. -What are their names?2问班级：用what class引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 I am in Class One, Grade Seven. -What class are you in? My son is in Class 3, Grade 8. -What class is your son in?3问颜色：用what color引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 It is green.-What color is it? She likes blond.- What color does she like?4问电话号码：用what引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。My telephone number is 48430051. -What is your telephone number?5. 问职业：用what引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 She is a nurse. -What does she do? =What is her job? =Whats she?I am a driver. -What do you do? =What are you? =Whats your job?6. 问动作：用what引导，划线部分用do的适当形式替换。 Our Chinese teacher often makes us laugh in class. -What does your Chinese teacher do in class?I always read books in the morning. -What do you always do in the morning?He put an egg on the table just now. -What did you do just now?She is babysitting her sister this weekend. -Whats she doing this weekend?7. 问地点：用where引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 She left her ruler at home. -Where did she leave her ruler? I am leaving for Hong Kong. -Where are you leaving for?8. 问动作的执行者、承受者：用who/whom引导，对主语提问用who，宾语用whom，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 I am planning to go fishing with my cousin. -Who is planning to go fishing with your cousin? I am planning to go fishing with my cousin.-Whom are you planning to go fishing with? She wants to go to the movies with me. -Who wants to go to the movies with you?She wants to go to the movies with me. -Who/Whom does she want to go to the movies with?9. 问“物主”：用whose引导，物主代词或名词所有格后有名词就用whose+名词引导，没有名词就直接用whose引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 This is his/ Tinas friend. -Whose friend is this?This pair of trousers is hers/Tara. -Whose is this pair of trousers?10. 问日期： what +is/was+ the date+? Its October 2nd today. - Whats the date today?It was January 3rd yesterday. -What was the date yesterday?11. 问星期或节日：用what day引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 Today is Monday. -What day is today? Its Christmas Day tomorrow. -What day is it tomorrow?12问感觉、身体状况：用how引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 I like my physics teacher very much. -How do you like your physics teacher?=What do you think of your physics teacher? His cousin is fine. -How is his cousin?13问方式：用how引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 She usually gets to school on her bike/by bike.-How does she usually get to school? She often takes the subway to school. - How does she often get to school?14问年龄：用how old引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 My sister is forty. -How old is your sister? =Whats your sisters age?He is fourteen years old. -How old is he? =whats his age?15：问数量：用how many/much引导，对可数名词的数量提问用how many+名词复数引导，对不可数名词的数量提问用how much+不可数名词引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 She has an interesting book. -How many interesting books does she have? I have two/some/many friends at school. -How many friends do you have at school? She bought me a bottle of cola. -How much cola did she buy you?16问价格：用how much引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。Its five yuan. - -How much is it? =Whats its price?17问动作发生的频率（多久一次）：用how often引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。 He walks to work once a week. -How often does he walk to school? We catch the bus to school every day. -How often do you catch the bus to school?18问距离：用how far引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。My home is 2 kilometers away from school. -How far is your home from school?19问时间、动作发生的时间：用what time/when引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。I usually go to work at seven oclock. -What time do you usually go to work?It started an hour ago. -When did it start?20问原因：用why引导，划线部分不要，最后用问号。I didnt go to work because I was ill. -Why didnt you go to work?十、名 词(n.)【什么是名词】表示事物名称的词。例如：desk，aunt，eraser等，名词在句子中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。作主语在句首，作宾语常在动词或介词后，名词经常被形容词修饰。主语：The desk is new. 宾语：I want an interesting book. Thanks for your last letter.定语：He is a school boy. 表语：She is a beautiful girl.【温馨提示】可数名词单数不能独立使用，应该有个限定词。用不定冠词a/an表示泛指，定冠词the表示特指，形容词、物主代词、名词所有格表示性质或者归属。也可以用名词复数表示类指。例如： Its an interesting story. The eraser is my(Kates) sisters.【名词所有格】表示某人所有。一般在名词后加s，例如：Toms，sisters，womens有s结尾的复数名词就只加，teachers，doctors，workers ,名词所有格相当于物主代词用，表示事物的归属问题。例如：my sisters book ,Toms eraser（表示共同所有把后面个名词变所有格，Li Ping and Li Bins father；分别所有就分别变Wang Leis and Li Bins fathers）【不可数名词】1不可数名词没有复数形式，不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，也不能用数词修饰，不可以用many, a few, several 修饰，可以用much, a little, some,any修饰。作主语时，视为第三人称单数。2不可数名词的计量：a/an/数词+名词（计量）+of+不可数名词，例如：two bottles of milk 3询问不可数名词的数量用How much引导，对计量单位提问用How many+名词复数。I would like some milk. -How much milk would you like? My cousin has three pieces of bread. -How many pieces of milk does your cousin have?4常用不可数名词：water, milk, ice cream, paper, beef, meat, chalk, juice ，food .【可数名词的复数】1名词复数变化规则： A. 一般在词尾加s， 例如:eggs, faces, oranges, players, boys, boats, birds, friends B以s, ss, x, ch, sh结尾的加es，例如：buses, classes, watches, fishes C以o结尾的名词，有生命力的加es，例如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes没有生命力的加，例如：zoos, photos D. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加es,例如：babybabies, familyfamilies E. -f,-fe结尾的, 变为v，再加e s，例如：leafleaves, knife knives, wifewives2名词复数不规则变化: 单复同形如：sheep，fish，Chinese， deer，Japanese childchildren, footfeet, tooth teeth, mousemice,manmen,womanwomen. 温馨提示：以man 和 woman结尾的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如： an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；（高手秘笈）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people，police 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police但可以说a person，a policeman，the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如：The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses (眼镜), trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers合成词只需中心词变复数：boy students ,girl students，但是，man/woman用于名词前作定语时，都要变为复数：man doctormen doctors, woman teacherwomen teachers高手秘笈：fish鱼肉(不可数名词)，fish-fishes鱼（种类），fish-fish鱼（数量），people-people人（个体），people-peoples人（人种，民族），chicken-chickens小鸡，chicken鸡肉(不可数名词)十一、代 词(pron.)【人称代词】代替名词，分为主格人称代词和宾格人称代词。人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1主格人称代词：作句子的主语，通常位于句首。对它提问用who引导。例句： I want to be a useful man. We/ They are all new students. She /He often plays chess with me.2宾格人称代词：作动词或介词的宾语，放在动词或介词之后。对它提问用whowhom引导。例句：She asks me/him to give an English book to her. We will give it to them.Mr. Xia loves us, we also like him. He often plays chess with me. 高手秘笈：1.当几个代词作主语时，其顺序是：单数：you，he and I 复数：we, you and they例如：You，he and I are good friends.We, you and they good friends.但是在承担责任时，应把放在前面，如是复数时，则顺序不变。例如：I ,you and he all make mistakes.2.代表国家、车船、地球、月亮时，一般用阴性的she或her，用he或him代表太阳。主格人称代词单独使用时一般用对应的宾格形式。例如：-Whos on duty? -Me. (I am)【物主代词】表示物主（事物归属），分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 人称类别单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs汉语我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他（她、它）们的1.形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词用，修饰名词，放在名词的前面，作名词的定语。换句话说，它后面应该有个名词。对它提问用whose加名词引导。That is its cage.This is myouryour classroom. Those are hishertheir students. 2.名词性物主代词：相当于名词用，后面没有名词，直接可以充当句子的主语或动词、介词的宾语。即：表示物主时，后面没有名词就用名词性物主代词。提问用whose引导。(名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词) This isnt my shirt, mine is new . Maybe its his. My pen is broken. Can you lend yours to me.【指示代词】this, these是近指,与here对应,that, those是远指,与there对应。（高手秘笈）1.向别人做介绍不能说He/She is. 应该说This is.2.打电话时：我是某人，不能说I am.应该说This is.3.你是谁？不能说Who are you ?应该说Who is that?4.英语表达中用that承接上文,用this引出下文。5表示天气、自然环境、距离等时用it，而下面的情形却只能用that。The weather in Chongqing is much hotter than that in Beijing in summer.My seat is next to that of the headmaster.教你一招：that =the +名词（与前面的同类但不同个）而 it 指的是上文提到的同一件东西。【反身代词】用于表示强调或表示动作所及对象是动作执行者本身（某人自己）。反身代词也有人称和数的变化。在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。例如：He taught himself two years ago.( 宾语)He himself went to the movies yesterday. ( 同位语). 反身代词有：第一人称：myself, ourselves第二人称：yourself, yourselves第三人称：himself, herself, itself, themselves常用短语：enjoy oneself, all by oneself, help oneself to，teach oneself/learn all by oneself 【不定代词】不明特定的人或事物的代词。有：some, any, no, every, each, all, both, either, neither, none, little, a little, few, a few, another, other, others, many, much等，以及由some, any, no, every和one，thing，body组成的复合不定代词。他们大多数能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但含有some, any, no, every的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能做定语。no和every只能做定语。1.some含something, somebody, someone用于肯定句或表示建议、邀请的疑问句中。any含anything, anybody, anyone:用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。May I ask you some question? Would you like some tea? Tom is more outgoing than any （任何）other boy in his class. Any（任何） of you can ask me if you have any（一些） questions.2.形容词修饰复合不定代词（something, anything, nothing）放在复合不定代词的后面。Something newoldelsedifferentimportant nothing difficultinterestingmuchimportant3.everybody, everyone, everything, anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，把他们看作“三单”。 Everyone likes swimming in the river in summer. Nobody likes English in our class.4.each;强调两者中的每个，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。every:强调三个及其以上的每一个，侧重整体，只能作定语（后面常常有个名词），其后不能接ofEach of us has an orange. Every room is clean and tidy.5. manyfewa few修饰可数名词 muchlittlea littlea bit of修饰不可数名词。a fewa little 表示肯定。 few little 表否定。This is a difficult question, so few people can answer it. There are a few apples and a little meat in the fridge.6.both意为：“两个都”，做主语时，看作复数形式； all“三个或以上全部都”，修饰可数名词复数做主语，看作复数，修饰不可数名词作主语，看作是单数。We both thank her. =Both of us thank her. All of my friends met both of my parents. 十二、冠 词(art.)【不定冠词aan】1、a用于辅音（读音）开头，an用于以元音（读音）开头：a university，a one-way street一条单行马路an MP3，an apple，an island，an uncle，an egg，an hour，an Lplate一块“实习驾驶”车牌an SOS一个呼救信号anx一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数2、 aan 用在第一次提到，一方不知道的人或物（单数可数名词）前面：I need a visa我需要签证。They live in a flat他们住一个套间。3、表示某人或某物，不具体说明何人何物。It was an earthquake是一次地震。Shell be a dancer她将成为舞蹈演员。He is an actor他是演员。A child needs love孩子需要爱。相当于：All children needAny child needs love所有孩子任何孩子都需要爱。【定冠词的用法】1. 世界上独一无二的东西前面用the：the earth地球the sea大海the sky天空the equator赤道the stars星辰2. 名词所表示的事物由于第二次提到而成为特指的事物时，前面要用the：His car struck a tree；you can still see the mark on the tree他的车撞了一棵树，你还能看到那棵树被撞的痕迹。3.说话双方都知道的事物前面用the：Ann is in the garden安在花园里。（可指这所房子的花园）Please pass the wine请把酒递给我。（可指餐桌上的酒）4.名词所表示的人物由短语或从句修饰而成为特指的人物时，前面用the： the girl in blue穿蓝衣服的女孩the man with the banner举旗的那个男人the boy that I met我遇见的那个男孩the place where I met him我遇见他的地方5. play+the+西洋乐器: play the guitar/piano/violin【不用冠词的情况】1、 季节、月份、星期、节日、三餐名称之前，但这些名称前加形容词时除外：We have breakfast at eight我们8点钟吃早饭。He gave us a good breakfast他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词：I was invited to dinner（at their house， in the ordinary way）他们邀请我吃饭（在他们家吃便饭）。但是说：I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。2、学科名称、球类、棋类前：study Englishmath, play chessfootball golf3、by+交通工具 : by busplanecarsea不用在表示身体各部位或服装的各部分名称之前，十三、介 词(prep)【介词概说】 1介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如: Most of the students w