交传笔记常用符号!.doc

A symbol is anything, a mark, sign, letter or short word, used to represent a thing, or group of synonymous concepts.- Symbols should be clear and unambiguous -Prepare symbols in advance, dont improvise mid-speech and save much heart-ache. - Consistent. If E is energy today, then let it stay that way. Find another symbol for environment The symbols here represent not only the word written alongside them but rather all synonymous ideas, the exact version of which will be clear to you in the context of the speech you are interpreting. So change might be reform or alter depending on the context - you will remember. You dont need a symbol for each word. consequencesdevelopmentrelationsagricultureagreementenvironmentroleenergysuccesstradeproblempoliticsrepressiondemocracyimpactworkcountrymoneymeetinginflationindustrydeficitsurpluslook forward tochangewant toneedknowcontinuedecidejoinproposelisten/hearlead to, causesaypromiseattackagreethankson the one handalways (toujours in French).on the other handuntilon behalf offrom that time onas opposed tobeforerecentlymore than/less thanallanynowsimilarendstartORGANIC SYMBOLS 就是一个符号做“根”扩展成一系列相关的符号。 最简单的就是把一个符号加下划线来表示加重语气，强调等。如 ：big （大）. big （very big 很大，非常大，特别大）你也可以用 划 双横线、波浪线、点线 来区分不同程度。 动词时态： workworkgwork| |work|wrkworkingworkedwill workwould work词尾：c alnational (adjective)c allyNationallyc zeto nationalizec tnnationalisationc onational (noun), citizenreturn, come back, reverse, regressrise, increase, grow, climb etc.fall, decline, slide, slip, drop, shrink,exchange, relations,lead to, consequence of, thereforeNcontinue,OJpleased.Lannoyed, unhappy, unimpressed, etc.Lvery unhappy, disgusted, etcto thinkto know, (for me, the straight line denotes certainty, in comparison to the squiggly line for “to think”.)圆圈放在右上角可表示“人”c alnational (adjective)c ocitizen econEconomyec