2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题.doc

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IListening ComprehensionDirections:This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B, and Part C.Remember, while you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have five minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Question 1-5, you will hear a talk about Boston Museum of Fine Art. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Boston Museum of Fine Arts Founded (year) 1870 Opened to the public (year) Question 1 Moved to the current location (year) 1909 The west wing completed (year) Question 2 Number of departments 9 The most remarkable department Question 3 Exhibition Space (m*m) Question 4 Approximate number of visitors/year 800,000 Programs providedclasseslectures Question 5 Part BDirections:For Questions 6-10, you will hear an interview with an expert on marriage problems. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)What should be the primary source of help for a troubled couple? _. Question 6Writing down a list of problems in the marriage may help a troubled couple discuss them _. Question 7Who should a couple consider seriously turning to if they cant talk with each other? _. Question 8Priests are usually unsuccessful in counseling troubled couples despite their _. Question 9According to the old notion, what will make hearts grow fonder? _. Question 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answers you will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about napping, you now have 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.11.Children under five have abundant energy partly because they _.A sleep in three distinct partsB have many five-minute napsC sleep in one long blockD take one or two naps daily12.According to the speaker, the sleep pattern of a baby is determined by _.A its genesB its habitC its mental stateD its physical condition13.The talk suggests that, if you feel sleepy through the day, you should _.A take some refreshmentB go to bed earlyC have a long restD give in to sleepQuestions 14-16 are based on the following interview with Sherman Alexie, an American Indian poet. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?A He could bring unfinished work home.B He might have time to pursue his interests.C He might do some evening teaching.D He could invest more emotion in his family.15. What was his original goal at college?A to teach in high schoolB to write his own booksC to be a medical doctorD to be a mathematician16.Why did he take the poetry-writing class?A To follow his father.B For an easy grade.C To change his specialty.D For knowledge of poetry.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about public speaking. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17.What is the most important thing in public speaking?A Confidence.B Preparation.C Informativeness.D Organization.18.What does the speaker advise us to do to capture the audiences attention?A Gather abundant data.B Organize the idea logically.C Develop a great opening.D Select appropriate materials.19. If you dont start working for the presentation until the day before, you will feel _.A uneasyB uncertainC frustratedD depressed20.Who is this speech most probably meant for?A Those interested in the power of persuasion.B Those trying to improve their public images.C Those planning to take up some public work.D Those eager to become effective speakers.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Section IIUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious _21_ to how they can best _22_ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and _23_, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. _24_ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the _25_ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are _26_ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be _27_ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, _28_, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, _29_ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide _30_ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful _31_ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the _32_ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult _33_ visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have _34_ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized _35_ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to _36_ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants _37_. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. _38_, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by _39_ for roles that are within their _40_ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.A thoughtB ideaC opinionD advice22.A strengthenB accommodateC stimulateD enhance23.A careB nutritionC exerciseD leisure24.A IfB AlthoughC WhereasD Because25.A assistanceB guidanceC confidenceD tolerance26.A claimedB admiredC ignoredD surpassed27.A improperB riskyC fairD wise28.A in effectB as a resultC for exampleD in a sense29.A displayingB describingC creatingD exchanging30.A durableB excessiveC surplusD multiple31.A groupsB individualC personnelD corporation32.A consentB insuranceC admissionD security33.A particularlyB barelyC definitelyD rarely34.A similarB longC differentD short35.A if onlyB now thatC so thatD even if36.A everythingB anythingC nothingD something37.A offB downC outD alone38.A On the contraryB On the averageC On the wholeD On the other hand39.A makingB standingC planningD taking40.A capabilityB responsibilityC proficiencyD efficiencySection IIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage - spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has _.A received support from fans like DonovanB remolded the intelligence servicesC restored many common pastimesD revived spying as a profession42.Donovans story is mentioned in the text to _.A introduce the topic of online spyingB show how he fought for the U.S.C give an episode of the information warD honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.A causing the biggest troubleB exerting the greatest effortC achieving the greatest successD enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that _.A Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC Straitfords business is characterized by unpredictabilityD Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its _.A official statusB nonconformist imageC efficient staffD military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A call on scientists to take some actionsB criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC warn of the doom of biomedical researchD show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.A cruel but naturalB inhuman and unacceptableC inevitable but viciousD pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.A discontent with animal researchB ignorance about medical scienceC indifference to epidemicsD anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the publicB employ hi-tech means in researchC feel no shame for their causeD strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A a well-known humanistB a medical practitionerC an enthusiast in animal rightsD a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail