2010年高考英语热点分析-定语从句.docVIP

从 2010年18套高考题看定语从句的考查热点籍万杰定语从句一直是高考测试的热点语法项目之一，2010年18套高考试题中有16套试题测试了该语法项目（辽宁、安徽卷除外）。综观2010年各地高考试题，对于定语从句的考查量大、面广、重点突出。下面就其考查热点做一总结，希望能对下一届考生有所启发。热点一、考查关系副词where引导的定语从句近几年高考在考查定语从句时对关系副词where青睐有加。where引导定语从句时先行词既可是明确的地点，也可以是“模糊化的地点”。如表示某人/物的situation，或某事所发展的stage都可用where这个关系副词。 【考例】（2010福建卷）24. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 解析：C。句意为：Stephen Hawking认为地球不可能是唯一的有生命逐渐形成的星球。先行词为planet，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。 （2010天津卷）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that解析：C。句意为：你能相信我理一次发得花30美元吗？你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。句中the barbers（理发店）是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系词在从句中作状语，故用where引导。过去几年的高考试题对于where表示“模糊化的地点”的用法经常考查。 (2009福建卷) Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 解析：D。由于从句的主谓宾结构完整，只能选用作状语的关系副词。由先行词a situation可知，应选用作地点状语的where 引导定语从句。故答案为D。 (2007陕西卷) Today, well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. A. which B. as C. why D. where 高*考*资*源*网 解析：D。此定语从句主谓结构完整，缺少状语；考虑到先行词cases，选用关系词where，相当于in which(= in the cases)。故答案为D。 热点二、考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句whose在定语从句中充当名词的定语，构成“whose +名词”的形式，既可以表示某人的，又可以表示某物的。其最显著的特点是空格后的名词缺少限定词。 【考例】（2010山东卷）24. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What高*考*资*源*网解析：C。句意为：那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。先行词the new machine在从句中作名词parts的定语，故使用whose引导。高*考*资*源*网（20100陕西卷）11. The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose解析：D。句意为：那座屋顶在暴风雨中损坏的旧庙现在正在维修中。先行词是the old temple，所填关系词在从句中作roof的定语，用关系代词whose。其余选项与题意不符。（2010北京卷）27. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 解析：B。句意为：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。Whose引导定语从句，和前面的who引导的定语从句并列，共同修饰先行词children，并且whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰diet。高*考*资*源*网（2010重庆卷）28. In China, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. which C. whose D. that解析：C。句意为：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。热点三、考查“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”引导的定语从句高*考*资*源*网当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词之前，构成“介词+关系代词（which / whom）”结构。确定介词时，一是依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配，二是依据先行词的某种习惯搭配，三是根据所要表达的意思来确定。2010年在考查“介词+关系代词”时，摒弃了往年考查介词的选择，而是仅考查对“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的识别，降低了考查的难度。高*考*资*源*网【考例】（2010江苏卷）32. The newly-built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 解析：D。该题的主干是“The newly-built caf is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.”，“the walls of _ are painted light green”是插入的定语从句。用which代替caf，在从句中作介词of的宾语。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时不用that，故选择D项，A项错误。高*考*资*源*网（2010浙江卷）3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. themD. those解析：A。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。过去几年高考试题在考查“介词+关系代词”时往往给出不同的介词，让考生选择恰当的“介词+关系代词”。 高*考*资*源*网 (2009陕西卷) Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 解析：C。该题从句谓语argued与介词about搭配表达“争论某事”，故答案为C。 (2008福建卷) By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 解析：D。此定语从句的先行词是the top，从句的正常语序应该是“A rare rainbow soon appeared _ the top of Mount Qomolangma”。显然应该填上“above”，表示山顶上。所以用above which连接主从句。故答案为D。高*考*资*源*网热点四、考查as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句as, which 引导非限定性定语从句时，as和which可指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。其区别是：高*考*资*源*网1. as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间，而which引导的从句则不能放在主句之前。2. 当从句谓语动词是be announced / expected / known / reported / said / imagined / shown等被动形式或usually happen, be often the case等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯之意时，常用as。 3. 当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或谓语带的是一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。【考例】（2010四川卷）10. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where解析：B。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子的意思。句意为：大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。 (2010湖北卷，完成句子) 80. _(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)解析：答案为As we have stressed。当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限制性定语从句只能由“as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语。高*考*资*源*网热点五、考查定语从句中的分隔现象高*考*资*源*网一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后，但有时定语从句和先行词常常被介词短语或其它成分分隔，干扰了句子结构的判断，从而给辨别从句带来一定的难度。【考例】（2010湖南卷）28. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which解析：A。句意为：我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成为了好朋友。根据句意，该题定语从句的先行词是the students，被介词短语in my school分隔，先行词在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who。（2010江西卷） 31. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A. where B. who C. which D. what解析：A。句意为：这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。根据句意可知先行词为centre，被介词短语with her sister 分隔。定语从句中“she would stay for an hour”不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。热点六、考查关系代词that/which/who(m)引导的定语从句高*考*资*源*网当先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语或表语成分时，选用关系代词引导定语从句。指人用who(宾格用whom)或that，指物用which或that。关系代词引导非限制性定语从句时，不能用关系代词that。高*考*资*源*网【考例】（2010全国卷）24. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 解析：A。句意为：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考查非限制性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定语从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限制性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。高*考*资*源*网（2010全国卷）16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what解析：B。“that was someone elses fault”是定语从句，修饰先行词something，that在定语从句中作主语，故用that引导。（2010广东卷，语法填空）He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher.解析：答案为who/that。先行词an elder意思是“老人，年长者”，在定语从句中作主语，指人，故用who/that。综上所述，2010年高考英语试题对定语从句的考查比较全面，突出了对关系副词where、作定语的关系代词whose、“介词+关系代词”、 as和which指代整个主句的内容以及定语从句的分隔现象等方面的考查。同学们在复习定语从句时除了掌握定语从句的基本用法外，还应对以上热点考点多加注意。高*考*资*源*网巩固练习：1. School safety has set off alarm bells in China with frequent reports of serious accidents _ students got hurt or killed. A. in whichB. by whichC. for whichD. that2. She may have missed the train, _ case she wont arrive on time.A. in thatB. in whichC. whoseD. as3. It was in the stone house _ was built as a school by local villagers _ the boy finished his primary school. A. which; thatB. that; whereC. which; whichD. that; which4. When you come to China you cant help noticing a “can-do” attitude and a general sense that this is a society _ is looking ahead. A. whereB. whatC. thatD. who5. The good situation came at last _ we had been expecting in the past two years.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. in which6. Last year the Greens moved to Australia, _ they thought it would be warmer. A. whatB. whereC. whichD. that7. At present, many graduates from some famous universities end up with a job _ they are not suited.A. whichB. in whichC. at whichD. to which8. There is somebody waiting for you _ I think might be one of your classmates.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. which9. The Oscar is one of the film prizes _offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been10. She tried every way _ she could find to solve the problem. 高*考*资*源*网 A. how B. in which C. that D. which11. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think itD. I think is12. Tony will never forget these days _she lived in China with her mother, _ has a great effect on her life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; that13. The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which14._ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 15. Stress is everywhere and we are faced with it every day. In fact, stress isnt such a bad thing _ it is often supposed to be. A. whichB. thatC. whatD. as16. The train _ they were travelling was late. A. in which B. by which C. at which D. to which高*考*资*源*网17. The hours _ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people. A. when B. that C. in which D. on which18. This summer, part of Southeast China was struck by floods, from _ effect the people are still suffering. A. which B. whose C. its D. that19. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants, _ as the name suggests, eating doesnt take much time. A. who B. where C. which D. what20. Miss Green took up the story at the point _ the thief had just made off with the jewels. A. where B. which C. as D. when 高*考*资*源*网21. She said that the building would be finished by October, _ I doubted very much. A. that B. which C. when D. this 22. There are two rooms on the first floor, _ is used as a guest room. 高*考*资*源*网 A. a smaller of which B. a smaller of them C. the smaller of which D. the smaller of them23. This is Mr. White, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 24. Barbara went to the States a couple of years ago, by _ time she had learned to dance and act in comedies. A. which B. that C. what D. whose高*考*资*源*网25. _ is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived. A. Which B. That C. As D. It26. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. 高*考*资*源*网A. that B. which C. where D. when27. Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where28. Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. that B. when C. what D. which29. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. whichB. of whichC. that D. whose30. What do you think of teaching, Bob? I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A. where B. Which C. When D. that31. Bay, Amazon and Wall Mart are popular websites _ people can sell goods to each other.A. where B. which C. when D. whose32. Just as Kobe Bryant said, Yao Ming has built the bridge for all of us, _ is not only for the sport of basketball, but for the different cultures of this world.A.who B.it C.which D.that33. I am very grateful to my high school teachers, without _help I wouldnt be so excellent. A. whom B. their C. which D. whose高*考*资*源*网34. Where did you meet the famous actress?It was in the supermarket _ we went shopping last Sunday. A. whichB. thatC. whereD. there35. Tibet is a beautiful part of China, without _our country would be incomplete.A. itB. whatC. where D. which答案解析：1-5 ABACB 6-10 BDABC 11-15 ABBBD 16-20 ABBBA 21-25 BCDAC 26-30 DDDDA 31-35 ACDCD1. A。in which引导定语从句，表示“在这些事故中”。 高*考*资*源*网2. B。关系代词指代的是逗号前面的整个句子，in which case意为“如果是那样的话”。3. A。考查强调结构与定语从句结合使用。被强调部分为地点状语in the stone house，其后的was built as a school by local villagers为定语从句，句中缺少主语，用关系代词which引导。4. C。定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词that引导。高*考*资*源*网5. B。考查分隔性定语从句，先行词为situation，在定语从句中作expect的宾语，用关系代词that引导。6. B。先行词Australia在定语从句中作地点状语。7. D。which指代a job，从句中are suited后应该跟to，表示“适合”，因此答案为D。8. A。先行词为somebody，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。I think为从句中的插入语。9. B。本题考查定语从句的引导词及从句的主谓一致问题。因为one前无thethe only，所以定语从句的先行词为the film prizes，这时从句的谓语用复数。高*考*资*源*网 10. C。由于定语从句中缺少宾语，故只能选C或D；先行词由every修饰时，关系代词要用that。 11. A。which为关系代词，代替主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句，I think为插入语。 12. B。本题前一空考查的是引导限制性定语从句的关系副词，表示时间要用when；后一空考查的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，用which指代主句中定语从句的内容，并在从句中作主语。 13. B。句中介词in的选用和从句的主谓结构有关，即progress be rapid in，这里的in意为“在某一方面”，相当于r