高中英语必修五第二单元知识点讲义及习题.docx

必修五UNIT2 讲义unite vi. & vt. 联合；团结kingdom n. 王国unit是单位，单元，有一个集合的概念，united是团结的，统一的，也是unite的过去分词，而union是unite这个动词的名词形式，意思比较广泛，有同盟；联合；工会的意思Ifeelthatwomeninalltypesofemploymentcanbenefitfromjoiningaunionthe United Kingdom (简写: the UK 英国)the United States （简写：the US 美国）the United Nation (简写：the UN 联合国)注意union不要看成onion（洋葱）consist vi. 组成；在于；一致consist of 由组成consist of意为“由组成；由构成”，相当于be made up ofconsist of主表被，无进行时态。This club consists of 600 members. = This club is made up of 600 members.make up(高考四大意思)组成，构成 This made up 15% of their total income.编造,捏造 The message is not true. She made it up弥补,补偿 Theyll do all they can to make up the economic losses.打扮；化妆；化装 She made up for the part of an old vince n. 省；行政区divideinto 把分成 (重点句型：be divided into 把.分成若干份)He divided the apple into halves.The apple was divided into halves.be separated from (把.隔离，分离，分开)Please separate good apples from bad ones.Many lovers will be separated from each other forever after their university graduation.Wales 威尔士（英）Scotland 苏格兰（英）Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰（英）Britain(英国)，我们中国人也别称英伦三岛，.指英国不列颠岛上的三部分，即：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士，再加上爱尔兰的北部地区（爱尔兰除北部地区后来独立了，单独做一个国家）。无论从种族和历史上说，其实苏格兰和英格兰都不是一回事。苏格兰人的祖先和爱尔兰人一样是凯尔特人，说的是来自凯尔特文明的古老语言，这种语言至今在苏格兰都是官方语言。公元843年，苏格兰地区的一个国王完成了各个苏格兰部落的统一大业，建立了真正意义上的苏格兰王国。那时候，盎格鲁撒克逊人还在不列颠岛的南部地区大部分英格兰人就是盎格鲁撒克逊人，“英格兰”（England）一词即“盎格兰”的谐音，意思是盎格鲁人（Angel）的土地（Land），英语（English）就是盎格鲁人的语言的意思。总结：1，爱尔兰是一个独立的国家2，北爱尔兰、苏格兰、威尔士、英格兰属于英国的四个不同地区，都是英国的领土。3，我们平时所说的英国全称是：大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国。4，苏格兰、威尔士、英格兰属于不列颠岛，北爱尔兰、爱尔兰属于爱尔兰岛。clarify vt. 澄清，讲清楚；阐明 （此单词为两个意思，应注意） clarify ones position 阐明某人的立场clarify a problem/situation澄清问题/立场She clarified her position on the issue. She asked him to clarify what he meant.accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现近义词: finish/achieve/complete/fulfillI study hard in order to accomplish my purpose. You must accomplish the task within the limited time. accomplishment n. 成就，完成。conflict n. 矛盾；冲突Thetwocompaniescameintoconflict.Heheldtheopinionswhichusuallyconflictedwithmyownunwilling adj. 不愿意（的）；不乐意（的）be willing/unwilling to do sth.will：意愿，意志；毅力；遗嘱break away (from) 挣脱（束缚）；脱离The prisoner broke away from his guards. break through 突破；克服 break in 闯入；插话，打断break up 分解；绝交；破裂；结束 break out（战争）爆发；（火灾）突然发生break into 闯入 break down （机器）出故障；失败；使分解；（身体）垮掉credit n. 信任；学分；赞扬；信贷to ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下currency n. 货币；通货 (此单词考的少，大多数考current，但意思不一样)The Japanese yen is one of the strongest currencies in the world.current adj.现时的,当前的;现行的Our current methods of production are out of style.institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构educational adj. 教育的convenience n. 便利；方便 （名词没什么考点，主要是convenient一个地方必须注意）我们造一个句子：你什么时候方便的时候请来这里一下，大多数同学都会翻译成：Come here please whenver you are convenient.(这句话大错特错)实际上convenient牵涉到一个句型为：Its convenient for sb to do sth 对某人来说方便做某事。所以该句翻译为：Come here please whenver its convenient for you.一定要用到it形式主语。rough adj. 粗糙的；粗暴的；粗略的roughly adv. 粗略地；粗糙地Our mothers handswere quiteroughfromyearsofhousework.Ivegotaroughideaofwhathelookslikethrough your description.Hewasroughlythesameageasmyself.Ithasbeensnowing,roughlyeverysecondday,nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的 （worldwide：世界范围的）The rising number of crimes is anationwideproblem.attract vt. 吸引；引起注意historical adj. 历史（上）的； 有关历史的architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术Roman n. (古)罗马人 adj. （古）罗马的collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集administration n. 管理；行政部门administration的主要含义是“行政管理，政府等”；management的含义比前者更广，它可以指“包括企业管理在内的各种管理、经营”等。Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. 当然经常打在线对战游戏的同学们经常会碰到administration的缩写：admin，意思为网管，权限的意思。port n. 港口（城市） （passport：护照; transport：运输）Viking n. 北欧海盗；斯堪的纳维亚人countryside n. 乡下；农村enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 （高考重点词组）Youve left out the most important word in this sentence.opportunity n. 机会；时机description n. 描写；描述 describe v.fax n. 传真（机）vt. 用传真传输（文件）possibility n. 可能（性）plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架 vi. 争吵；吵架alike adj. 相同的；类似的take the place of 代替arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理 （名词为arrangement）Who will arrange their wedding? It was arranged that they were going to leave for Paris the following spring.wedding n. 婚礼fold vt. 折叠；对折（unfold：展开）sightseeing n. 观光；游览delight n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 （loyal：忠诚的）uniform n. 制服splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的statue n. 塑像；雕像longitude n. 经线；经度 （纬线：latitude）imaginary adj. 想象中的；假想的；虚构的navigation n. 导航；航行 (名词为navigate)communism n. 共产主义 community：社区马克思的共产主义的原意是一种社会公共联合体和自治体（community）,中文当中的“共产”的翻译很不恰当,我们对于马克思的理解也很局限.因而我觉得将communism译作公共主义比较好，共产党员就是communist。original adj. 最初的；原始的； 独创的；新颖的thrill vt. 使兴奋；使恐惧 （注意是两个意思）pot n. 罐；壶error n. 错误；过失；谬误tense n. 时态consistent adj. 一致的 (be consistent with 与一致，与相符)When people referred to the most famous band in this city, they always mentioned FORCE, which consisted of 5 members. They attracted the young so much that no one could take the place of them in the field of rock music. After they became famous, their manager arranged a great many performances on different occasions for them, leaving out the possibility that they might break down. Unwilling to work like this, Peter, the leading singer of the band, tried to talk with the manager to have some of the unaccomplished performances cancelled. However, there was a divide/division between them. It was a pity that Peter decided to break away from FORCE . To their credit, neither did the remaining members break up the band nor they stopped trying to persuade Peter to return when it was convenient for them to do so. At last Peter was moved. His return delighted all people knowing them, and their new album was available two months later. (翻译出来！)refer to 查阅; 参考（宾语不是要查找的具体内容,二十可能包含要查找内容的工具材料等,如地图、书籍、词典等; look up宾语才是要查找的具体内容.） You can refer to the telephone directory for his number.谈到; 提及 e.g.: Dont refer to this matter again, please.take the place of 代替 (动词短语做谓语) =replaceNowadays plastics have taken the place of many conventional metal materials. Nowadays plastics have replaced many conventional metal materials. in place of 代替(介词短语) =instead ofWe use gas in place of coal in cooking.Our monitor is away. I am action in place of him.必须要注意take place为不及物动词，没有被动语态 1.发生（可预见性） 2.举行，举办 Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijin