高中英语必修4Unit.doc

Unit 3 A taste of English humourspecially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其他，与众不同”，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. particularly 表“特别地，尤其地”，可以与 especially 互换，但 particularly 还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。(1)The doctor told the patient specially not to drink. (2)Please describe the event fully and particularly.1). I like my hometown, _ in spring. 2). These shoes were _ made for you. 3). A committee has been _ appointed to look into the matter. 4). We did very well in this exam, _ our monitor. Key: 1). especially/particularly 2). specially 3). specially 4). especiallycommon意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与common意思接近。1). He arrived later than _. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _ American boy who kept getting into trouble.4). Our _ workday is eight hours. 5). He s not an officer, but a/an _ soldier.Key: 1). usual 2). common 3). ordinary 4). ordinary 5). common/ ordinaryconvince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。1). He _ me that I should study law. 2). He _ me not to stay. 3). The officials were eager to _ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). I _ (convince) I saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). How can we persuade him into _ (join) us?Key: 1). convinced2). convinced/persuaded3). convince 4). was convinced 5). joining2). He gave a humorous account of their trip to Spain first. 4). He now felt ready to take on the role of director.6). I m stuffed. I couldn t eat another mouthful. mouthful n.一口；少量1. content vt. (使)满足； n.u满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的 容量；be content to do sth.be willing to do sth.愿意做某事 content sb./oneself with sth. 使某人/自己对满意 in content and form 在内容和形式上 My parents are well content to live in the country. Show me the contents of your suitcase.提示：content 用做形容词时，通常做表语、后置定语或状语，做前置定语要用contented，如：a contented expression“满足的表情”； content 前的修饰词用 well，而不用 very。1). As there s no cream, we ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. be/feel content with 对感到满足 to one s heart s content 尽情地；心满意足地1). Simple praise is enough to content him. 2). I like the style of the book but I dont like the content.3). She is/was content to stay at home looking after her children. 2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 to ones astonishment 使某人万分惊讶的是 in astonishment 惊讶地 be astonished at/by sth. 因/被感到惊讶be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶It astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是be astonished that 对感到惊讶1). It astonished me that no one has thought of this before.2). We were astonished that he appeared at the party.3). I find it quite astonishing that none of you like the play. 3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待 entertain sb. to sth. 用招待/款待某人 give an entertainment to sb. 招待某人I usually entertain my friends to dinner on Sundays. Its not a very serious film, but a good entertainment.1). Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night.2). Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper?哄孩子entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐1). He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. 2). He fell in the water, much to the entertainment of the children. 3). We hired a magician to keep the children entertained.4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信; 使认识 convincing adj. 令人信服的How can I convince you (of her honesty)? be/feel firmly convinced that. 确信；笃信；坚信We finally convinced them of our adventure.We finally convinced them to believe our adventure.convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb. that 使某人相信be convinced of / that坚信；确信练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). What she said convinced me that I was mistaken.2). I soon convinced him of my innocence.3). What convinced you to vote for them? 4). Im convinced that he is guilty.5). That was the most convincing I had ever heard.5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地that 从句(用虚拟语气) the direct road/train 直通道路/直达列车 be in direct contact with sb. 与某人有直接的联系go direct to sp. 直接去某地(2)The police officers had been directed to search the building.1). Can you direct me (to the station)? 2). She has a direct way of speaking. direct.at/towards/to/against sb./sth. 把指向某人/事 direct sb. to a place 指引某人到某处 direct sb. to do sth. 指示/命令某人做某事direct (that) sb./sth. (should) do/be done 指示/命令某人/事做/被做1). He was directed to a table beside the window. 2). The judge directed that the mother be given custody of the children. 3). There was a police officer directing the traffic. 6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈 1). “I feel very afraid,” she whispered. 2). He spoke in a whisper. whisper sth. 小声说某事 whisper to sb. 小声对某人说 whisper sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事 in a whisper (in whispers) 低声地 whisper about sth. 密谈某事It is whispered that. 有人私下说 whisper to sb. 对某人窃窃私语(1)They debated it in a whisper (in whispers). (2)The two girls were whispering in the library.(3)After a few minutes, he whispered the answer in the creatures ear.(4) It was whispered that he was heavily in debt.据说他负债累累。提示：whisper 后接双宾语时，间接宾语无论在前还是在后，其前都要带介词 to, 即whisper sth. to sb. whisper to sb. sth.。类似结构还有：announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释introduce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍suggest sth. to sb. 向某人提议 report sth. to sb. 向某人报告whisper to sb. that 小声对某人说 whisper that 小声说 1). He whispered a word in my ear. 2). He whispered to her so that no one else would hear.3). It is whispered that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. 1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的 做表语或定语 1). They are too badly off to have a holiday. 2). We shouldnt complain about being poor - many families are much worse off. 反义词：well off 过得很富；富的；富有的做表语或定语1). In the old days people were badly off / were very poor. 2). Though he is always wearing old clothes, he is not as/so badly off as you think. 3). In fact most people are better off than they were five yeas ago.The school was then badly off for teachers.当时学校缺少教师。比较级worse off和better off常常与than，rather than 搭配使用。如：I went to his home and found his living condition was worse off than mine.2. pick out 挑出；辨别出, 领会 The window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls. pick out sb./sth. from. 从中挑出/辨别出某人/物pick up 捡起；让某人搭车；继续；摔倒后站起来；便宜地买到；接收(节目)；无意中学会,整理；得到；学会；身体好转pick on 选择(某人或某物)作受罚(挨骂、干不愉快的工作)的对象 pick off 摘下，摘掉；逐个地(或有选择地)瞄准射中1). She was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job. 2). We ll pick up where we finished yesterday. 3). She soon picked up French when she went to live in France. 4). Pick out those books that youd like to read.3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) ,分离，隔离(常跟 from)，中断1). Our water supply has been cut off. 2). If you don t pay your gas bill soon you may be cut off. cut down 砍倒；削减(疾病等)夺去生命;cut in 插嘴cut up 切碎,切掉；使丧气，使痛心cut sth in half/two把某物切割成两半cut sth into halves/thirds/quarters/ pieces把某物切割成两半/三瓣/四瓣/切碎cut across 抄近路穿过；对直穿过 cut away 切掉，剪掉；逃走，跑开 cut out 切掉；删掉(2)Just when she had reached the most important point we were cut off.(3)We were completely cut off from the outside world.1). The village was cut off from the outside world by the heavy snow for days. 2). She always cuts in when other people are talking.3). I won t have a cigarette, thanks - I m trying to cut down on them.4). He was asking 400 for the car, but we cut him down to350. 5). She cut up the vegetables and then put them into the hot pot.4. star in 在主演；担任主角 She is to star in a new film. star sb (in sth.) 使某人担任主角；由某人主演1). Ben Kingsley starred in the film “Gandhi”. 2). The director wanted to star Michael Caine in his new film. 1. Not that Charlie s own life was easy! 倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。 解释 not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。如：Who were you with last night? Not that I care, of course. 你昨晚和谁在一起？当然我不计较。1). Kate had lost some weight - not that I care (我倒不关心). 2). Not that it matters (我并不是说这个很要紧), but how did you spend the money I gave you? 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中，宾语与补足语有主动关系，表示“动作正在发生”，v-ing 可用在感官动词(see, notice, watch, look at, find, hear, listen to, feel, catch，smell)和表示“致使”意义的动词(get, have, keep, leave)后作宾语补足语。 1). It s not surprising that you re putting on weight, considering how much you re eating. 2). She caught them stealing her apples. In his teens 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】As Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 句子结构：as 引导非限制性定语从句，否定意义的词与比较级连用As can be concluded from the passage, protecting ourselves is ensuring our future and up to now nobody has been able to get a better understanding of it than Liu Xiang.As is well known to us all, Failure is the mother of success, and up to now nobody has been more able to understand it than Li Ming.2You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. You may find it exciting that you can get in touch with your friends in another cities as soon as you get on line.You may find it worthwhile that you can get high marks in English exams as soon as you put your heart into it. 3. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. He was so concentrated on his book that he even forgot his dinner.He was so independent that he would like to support himself by his own labour. 4. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence. Liu Xiang is loved and respected as an athlete who could face failure with great courage.Mr. White is loved and respected as a foreigner teacher who is willing to help the poor students without any pay. particular adj. & n特殊的，特别的；细节；细目particularly adv.特别地，挑剔地 occasion n时刻；场合worse off 境况更差，更糟糕 in search of 寻找 burst into 突然发出 bring out 产生；引起in the open air 在户外，在野外 keep to 坚持；固守 “Well, it certainly will be this morning，” the man said, “because I happen to be flying it！” a small round black hat.be overcome by sth.使某人垮掉，使某人昏迷be overcome with emotion/excitement/horror/grief 因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持(1)In the final game Sweden easily overcame France. (2)Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.(3)The dead woman had been overcome by smoke.7particular adj. 特殊的，特别的，挑剔的 n. 细节，细目be particular to 是特有的 be particular about/over sth. 对讲究，挑剔 in particular 尤其，特别，格外(1)The coconut is particular to the tropics. (2)She is particular about her clothes.react to sth. 对作出反应 react on (upon)对起作用，对有影响，对起反应 react against 反抗，反对 (1)How did he react to the news? (2)Will the people ever react against this dictator? (3)Applause reacts on/upon a speaker.be badly off for sth. 某物短缺，不够be short of/lack of be well off 有钱的，富裕的be well off for sth.某方面是充裕的 (1)I have got a big room so Im not too badly off.我有一间蛮大的屋子，所以住得还不坏。(2)We were badly off for storage space in the new offices. (4)She is badly off for friends.(4)I went to his home and found his living conditions were worse off than mine. (1)as引导定语从句，修饰后面整个句子，此时，定语从句的位置比较灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，译为“正如，正像”。As all his friends agree, he was unusually warmhearted, loving and generous. I am as you can imagine short enough of money.He was a teacher, as was clear from his manner.(2)up to now是多用于现在完成时的时间状语，常可与 until now, by now, so far 互换。(3).nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时，往往不表示否定的意义而是表示充分的肯定。I cant agree more. (I completely agree.) 1Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away? Thank you. _.AIt couldnt be betterBOf course you can CIf you like DIts up to you答案：A 解析：It couldnt be better. “再好不过了”，相当于 Its the best.happen to do/be 碰巧. 句型 Sb. happens to do sth.可以转换成 It happens that sb. does sth.，When I went to see him, he happened to be away on holiday.(When I went to see him, it happened that he was away on holiday.) Joseph came to borrow my skiing boards yesterday, but I happened to have lent them to my cousin last week.(.but it happened that I lent them to my cousin last week.)2When the bridge fell down, several cars happened _ on it.Ato run Brunning Cto be running Dthat they were running 答案：Ca small round black hat 中的 hat前有三个形容词做定语，在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是：限制词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词(nice, good, interesting, beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)颜色形容词国籍、出处物质、材料用途、类别中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜来帮助记忆：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别紧跟着。1. (1)direct 用于具体意义，指“中途不停地，径直地”。(2)directly 多用于抽象意义，表示“直接地”，还有“立即，马上”等意思。directly 还可用做连词引导时间状语从句，相当于 as soon as。(1)Directly he came in, everyone was quiet.(2)He went direct to the airport. (3)The measure affects me directly.1The government called on us to stop the bird flu from spreading throughout the country.2I was no longer satisfied with the life that had once contented me.3Young as he is, he has overcome a lot of difficulties.4The pen slided from his hand.1(2010临川一中)Stay a bit longer; its been such _ fun having you with us.Thanks, anyway. Ive to get _ early start tomorrow morning.A/; the Ba; an C/; an Dthe; an答案：C第一空因fun为不可数名词，所以不用冠词；第二空get an early start早早出发，固定用法。be particular about “对挑剔”，为固定搭配。“瓶子上的说明书”用 directions。3_of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.A. Convinced B. Convincing C. To convince D. Having convinced答案：A 用于 convince sb. of sth. 或be convinced of sth. 短语，该空做状语，应用 convinced。5I dont know whether you happen _ but Im going to study in the USA in summer.Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 答案：D8(2010湖北百校联考)Her irresponsible behavior _ her father many sleepless nights.Acosts Btakes Cspends Dpays答案：A 解析：cost“使付出努力，使做不愉快的事”，符合语意“她不负责任的行为使她的父亲夜不能寐”。10How do you _ to her unkind behavior? Only silence. Which of the following is wrong?Aanswer Breact Creply Drespond 答案：A解析：react to 意为“对作出反应”；answer 后面不接 to；reply to“对作出回答”；respond to“对作出回答”。11(2009重庆一中)Is it high time that our society _ those who are _？Acare for; badly off Bcared for; bad off Cto care about; well off Dcared about; badly off解析：care for 照顾，喜欢；care about 关心，在乎； be well off 富裕的；be badly off 贫困的。且 It is high time that.从句中应该用过去时态。13The old man sat in the corner, _ along.Awell content to have a drink Bwell content from having a drinkCquite contented having a drink Dto be quite contented with drink答案：A 解析：be well content to do sth. 意为“非常满足于做某事”。15Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. Awho Bwhich Cwhy Dwhen答案：D 解析：when 引导的从句做 occasions 的同位语。22When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _Sorry to miss you; will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading23Its a waste of time him. He is no longer in charge now.Aasking Bto ask CaskedDasks30Do you know about the accident which happened in the center of the city? Yes. But it was some time we realized the truth. Abefore Bwhen Csince Duntil35He is only too ready to help others, seldom,_, refusing when they turn to him for help. A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if anytheme park, amuse oneself, a variety of, charge . for, make a profit, come to life, get close to 【重点短语梳理】brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路 In search of 寻找. on the edge of 在边沿 In silence沉默，不作声 make use of 使用The book slid off my knee.slide 1)过去式：slid；过去分词：slid或slidden；现在分词：sliding。slide into（渐渐地；不知不觉地）进入;陷入（某种状态）；let.slide对放任不管；听任自然发展Her answer seems to content the teacher.反义词：discontentcontent + to do sth.She was not content to remain at home.content + that从句，Im more than content that theyve done everything I asked.4、Im astonished that he didnt pass the exam.同义词：amaze，surprise；be astonished to see / learn.看到 / 得知感觉很惊讶，如：He was astonished to see his father here.be astonished + that从句，如：We are all greatly astonished (that)she has failed.5、particular adj.特殊的；特别的 n.细节；细目Id like you to give us full particulars of what happened.1)作介词时， throughout the day 整天throughout ones life 终生throughout history 在整个历史上throughout the century 整个世纪throughout the country（遍及）全国throughout the night 整个晚上2)throughout 作副词时，常用于句尾。如：The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆了一遍。7、failure n. 失败（者）；破产；不及格fail in失败；不及格；不足；缺乏fail + to do sth.（表示否定）不能；没有，如：I failed to persuade him.= I failed in persuading him.without fail 必定；务必3)形容词failing 与failed的区别：failing指“失败中的；不及格的；减弱（或衰退）中的”，如：failing marriage瓦解中的婚姻；failing health每况愈下的健康状况；failed指“失败了的；不成功的；破产了的；倒闭了的”，如：a failed candidate 落选的候选人；a failed firm 倒闭的公司 1)overcome常用在被动语态中表示“（感情等）压倒；使受不了”。常和by，with搭配。如：The child was overcome by weariness and slept.He was overcome with astonishment.2)与fortunate相关的一些用法：be fortunate in 在方面很幸运如：He was fortunate in having such nice friends.fortunate + to do sth.如：You are very fortunate to have found such a pleasant house.fortunate + that 从句，如：Its very fortunate (that)we have Emma here. I took only a mouthful of food and then went to school.mouth 的复数形式是mouthsdirect + 宾语 + 不定式，如：The general directed the troops to attack.direct + that 从句，如：The general directed that an advance (should)be made the next morning.12、star vt. & vi.标上星号Ive s