人教版选修六Unit 4 Global warming Language points课时作业.docx

unit 4 global warming language points课时作业第一节 阅读理解ken makes a living by operating a large harvester for farmer luke. kens salary generates income tax and social security payments that help finance government programmes for less fortunate members of his community. however, luke is about to replace ken with nexus, a robot that can operate the harvester longer, more safely, in any weather, and without lunch breaks, holidays or sick pay. bill gates, founder of microsoft, thinks that mexus should pay income tax, or luke should pay tax for replacing ken with a robot. gates thinks that would ease inequality and help with the effects of replacing people. the whole points of automation is that, unlike ken, nexus will never negotiate a labor contract with luke. indeed, it will receive no income. the only way to tax nexus is to use kens last annual income as a reference salary, and then make luke pay income tax and social security charges equivalent to what ken paid. there are two problems with this approach. to begin with, kens income would have gone up over time had he not been fired, but the reference salary cannot change for a robot, unless the tax officials come up with their own estimate. the tax office and luke would then end up clashing over impossible estimates of the extent to which kens pay would have risen, hade he still been employed. secondly, it is hard philosophically to justify forcing luke to pay “income” tax for nexus but not for the harvester that nexus operates. after all, both are machines, and the harvester has displaced far more human labors than mexus has. the only reason for treating them differently is that nexus has greater autonomy. but to what extent is nexus really autonomous in a manner that the harvester is not? however advanced nexus might be, it can be thought of as autonomous if and only if it develops consciousness, whether its own or with the help of its makers. assuming that robots cannot be made to pay income tax without creating new potential for conflict between the tax authorities and business, what about taxing nexus when luke buys him? that would, of course, be possible: the state would collect a lump-sum(一次性清的) tax from luke the moment he replaces ken with nexus. gates supports this second-best alternative to making robots “pay” income tax. he thinks that slowing down automation and charging taxes to counter technologys negative effect is, overall, a sensible policy. but a lump-sum tax on robots would merely lead robot producers to bundle(捆绑) artificial intelligence within other machinery, making it impossible to tax the robotic element separately form other parts that do the job. but why should we make life more complicated than it already is? there is an alternative to to a robot tax that is easy to carry out and simple to justify: a universal basic dividend (全民基本红利) , financed by the money that companies make. when companies offer their stocks for sale on the stock market, they are selling shares of their company. whoever buys them becomes a part owner of the company. some of a companys shares could go into a special account called a public trust. when the company makes money, everyone buying the shares would make money. by means of a ubd, society becomes a shareholder in every company, and the dividends are distributed evenly to all citizens. the whole of society would begin to share the benefits. there would be no new tax, no complex tax rules, and no effect on the existing funding of the welfare state. as a matter of fact, by introducing a ubd more funds would become available for the welfare state. coupled with stronger labor rights and a decent living wage, the ideal of shared prosperity would come true. 1. what si bill gates preferred solution to robots taking peoples jobs?a. collecting robot tax according to peoples income b. taxing both robots and non-robotic machines c. investing robot income tax in a public trust. d. making businesses pay a lump-sum robot tax. 2. what does the underlined word “clashing” in paragraph 4 convey?a. a sense of complete disbelief b. a sense of serious conflict c. a sense of shock and confusion d. a sense of shared disappointment 3. which of the following may disagree with bill gates?a. people would get around the tax by redesigning robots b. its difficult to justify taxing robots but not other machines c. putting up tax on robots would show down automation.d. the conflict between tax authorities and firms is unavoidable.4. the author most probably agrees that _. a. businesses should not use robots b. it is reasonable for robots to pay income tax c. theres nothing that can be done to avoid robots d. companies using robots should contribute to a ubd 5. how does the author explain the idea of ubd?a. by stressing it would give more employment to people b. by explaining how robot tax would be put into it.c. by introducing how it comes into peoples mind d. by showing how everyone will share the money 6. why does the author welcome the idea of ubd?a. because it is straightforward b. because it is simple and practical c. because it will encourage equality d. because it gives people more choices 【答案】16 dbcddb第二节 任务型阅读 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡相对应的题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。it seems to be increasingly the case that, as soon as chinese parents return home from a hard days work, they start working as unpaid tutors to help their children with their homework. in education theory, there has always been a debate about “nature versus nurture”. thus the question: can those with the innate (先天的) high iq get excellent test scores despite doing little homework, or can those of seemingly less natural ability do just as well if they are provided with the right home environment to study more and prepare for those tests? more educators believe parents can have a powerful influence on their children by building a supportive home environment for doing homework.the college of education of the university of texas has conducted research on the subject, which suggests parents regularly helping students to do their homework, even in effect doing it for them, can lead to lower achievement by their children in the long term. on the other hand, parents who focus on motivating their children to do their own homework and clearly communicate its importance produce students who are more likely to not only overcome challenges while doing their homework, but also shoulder more responsibilities and do better in many different fields when they grow up. so by helping their children do their homework, chinese parents are reducing their childrens ability to meet the challenges on their own while imposing(强加) an extra work burden on themselves. moreover, there is the important point of how effective a tutor a parent can be. if parents feel their children need more instruction than their school can provide, and if they can afford it, it makes more sense to pay for a trained tutor to help correct the childrens misunderstandings and facilitate (促进) their learning process. where does the pressure on parents to tutor their children come from? is it because they feel school teachers are not doing a good enough job? that would be a hasty conclusion. classes are large and teachers cannot prepare every student to be top of the class. besides, many people believe that the chinese society is becoming more and more competitive, that the number of students seeking entrance to universities is a couple of million more than the available seats. we all want young children to be independent and meet the educational challenges on their own. however, the irony is that making young children dependent on their parents to get their homework done may make these children less competitive when they face the challenges of higher education. parents need not be pupils unpaid homework tutors introduction there is a growing 1_ among chinese parents that they help with their childrens homework after a days hard work.a debate in education theory who may 2_ out; those who were born with a high iq but do less homework or those who are naturally less able but enjoy a better learning environment. most educators believe a supportive home environment for doing homework is what really 3_.research 4_ parents who help their children with homework may lower their academic achievement.parents who impress on their children the importance of 5_ work may help them develop comprehensively.if 6_, parents can turn to qualified tutors for help with their childrens homework.7_ of the present situation parents assumption that teachers 8_ to do a good enough job fiercer 9_ in the chinese society.conclusion parents should help children gain 10_to take them more competitive later on in life. 【答案】1. trend / tendency 2. stand 3. counts/ matters 4. findings/ results 5. individual 6. necessary 7. cause 8. fail 9. competition 10. independence 第五节 书面表达 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。 finlands education system is considered one of the best in the world. however, the authorities there are not satisfied with what they have achieved. theyve decided to carry through a real revolution in their school system. besides individual subjects, students in finland will study events and phenomena in an interdisciplinary format(跨学科形式). for example, the second world war will be examined from the perspective of history, geography, and math. and by taking the course “working in a caf”, students will absorb a whole body of knowledge about the english language, economics, and communication skills. this system will be introduced for senior students. the general idea is that the students ought to choose for themselves which topic or phenomenon they want to study, bearing in mind their ambitions in the future and their capabilities. this phenomenon-based education in finland also encourages teamwork, which is why the changes will also affect teachers. the education reform will require a great deal of cooperation between teachers of different subjects. the change are expected to be complete by 2020. 【写作内容】1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要。2. 用约120个单词谈谈你对跨学科教育的支持，并给出你的理由，并据此给你的学校提出一些关于教学方面的建议。【写作要求】1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句。2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校的名称3. 不必写标题【评分标准】内容