高考英语试题解析版-七选五专题

第一第一编编 专题专题二二 真题题组 A Why Do We Get Angry Anger seems simple when we are feeling it but the causes of anger are various Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior and correct bad habits The main reasons we get angry are triggering 触发 events personality traits 特征 and our assessment of situations 1 F Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages However here are some examples being cut off in traffic a deadline approaching experiencing physical pain and much more 2 G The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one s personal history and psychological traits Each person no matter who they are has psychological imbalances People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry 3 E Also sometimes pre anger does not have to do with a lasting condition but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred 4 A Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre anger or anger itself Sometimes ignorance and negative 消极的 outlooks on situations can create anger 5 D However anger can easily turn violent and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence With these main reasons in mind we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings A Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well B But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger C Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait and is usually advised to reduce it D Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry E Having these personality traits implies the pre anger state where anger is in the background of your mind F Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye G Not everyone acts the same in response to events and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 文章说明了人生气的几种原因 人们通过了解生气的原 因 可以控制好自己的情绪而不去生气 由此减少生气对自己造成的危害 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 由空前的 the main reasons 锁定选项 F 中的 these reasons 结合上下文内容可知 作者提到了一些引发生气的原因 理解这些原因有助于我们 控制生气 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法以及关联逻辑法 由空后的 someone is triggered others are not 可知 相同的事情并不会引发每个人都生气 这与选项 G 中的 not everyone acts the same in response to events 以及 triggers 相吻合 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 由空前的 personality traits 以及空后的 pre anger 锁 定选项 E 中的 personality traits implies the pre anger state 由此可知选 E 项 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 由空后的 situations create 锁定选项 A 中的 on situations can create anger within us 即对于某些情况的态度和看法是生气的原因 解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法 由空后表转折的副词 however 以及 anger can easily turn violent 可知 因为生气容易转变为暴力 所以作者不赞同生气 即使有理由生气 选项 D 中提到 人们认为有理由去生气 显然它可以放在空格中构成前后文意思的转折 故选 D B Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience Of course you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should 1 G Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property 房产 neat clean and in good repair 2 F By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape you will help to improve the look and feel of the area Second take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously When going for a walk take along a small garbage bag 3 E This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area 4 B If a neighbor is going to be out of town offer to collect mail and newspapers If a neighbor suffers an illness offer to do the grocery shopping Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor 5 C By following the basic rules of respecting others taking care of what belongs to you and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates A In general keep an eye on their property while they are gone B A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways C Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior D Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping E Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car pick it up F People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting G Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居欣赏的小技巧 本文为 总 分 结构 从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居 解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法 通读全文可知 本文是 总 分 结构 由第二段 中的 one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep 以及第 三段的 second 可知 本题选 G 也就是本文的主题句 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 该空格前面的 neat clean in good repair 以及空格 后面的 in great shape 都与 F 项的 fresh and inviting 相吻合 解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法 空格前提到 散步时随身带个小垃圾袋 空格后提 到 这个小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域 因此此处要填 E 项 如果你碰到从 路过的车里扔出的废纸 把它捡起来 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 由本段中的 you are there to help in any way 可知 选 B 项 一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人 解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法 空后的 respecting others taking care of taking pride in 都是替别人着想的表现 故 C 项符合语境 C If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping I would have laughed heartily Campers in my eyes were people who enjoyed insect bites ill cooked meals and uncomfortable sleeping bags They had nothing in common with me 1 D The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer 2 C We slept in a tent cooked over an open fire and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor s bill for my son s food poisoning I was nevertheless talked into going on another fun filled holiday in the wilderness 3 A Instead we had a pop up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner My nature loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life 4 F We have done a lot of it since Recently we bought a twenty eight foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built in TV set There is a separate bedroom a modern kitchen with a refrigerator The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains 5 E It must be true that sooner or later everyone finds his or her way back to nature I recommend that you find your way in style A This time there was no tent B Things are going to be improved C The trip they took me on was a rough one D I was to learn a lot about camping since then however E I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping F After the trip my family became quite interested in camping G There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall 文章大意 本文是一篇记叙文 讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程 解析 考查上下文的连贯 上文说 作者一开始对野营产生过抵触情绪 但是 从 下文可知 作者后来喜欢上了野营活动 本空表示意义的转折 承上启下 为下文做铺垫 故选 D 解析 考查前后句的连贯 根据下文可知 这次野营活动从住宿 饮食到洗澡都很 艰苦 故选 C 对下文内容进行概括 解析 考查前后句的连贯 前句说 作者被说服参加另一次野营活动 后句说 这 次野营活动有舒服的床和空调 故选 A 起承上启下的作用 解析 考查上下文的连贯 本段讲述作者一家开始野营 并采购很多野营的装备 由此可知 自上次活动以来作者一家对野营活动非常感兴趣 故本空选 F 解析 考查总结概括的能力 上文讲述了作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转变过 程 由此可见 作者已经完全喜欢上了野营活动 故本空选 E D Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you re trying to get work done 1 B there are several ways to handle things Let s take a look at them now 2 A Tell the person you re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time When people try to interrupt you have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you ll find them then 3 E It can help to eliminate 消除 future interruptions When you need to someone don t do it in your own office 4 D it s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office make good use of it 5 G If someone knocks and it s not an important matter Excuse yourself and let the person know you re busy so they can get the hint 暗示 than when the door is closed you re not to be disturbed A If you re busy don t feel bad about saying no B When you want to avoid interruptions at work C Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D If you re in the other person s office or in a public area E It s important that you let them know when you ll be available F It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G Leave it open when you re available to talk and close it when you re not 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 介绍了避免工作时被打断的几种方法 解析 考查承启句 根据上文的 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with 以及下文的 there are several ways to handle things 可知 工作时被打断是要处理的最 糟糕的事情之一 有几个处理事情的办法 空处承上启下 应选 B 项 解析 考查主题句 根据下文的 Tell the person you re sorry ask if the two of you can talk at a different time 可知 本段讲述的是当你忙的时候 要拒绝别人打断你 故 A 项 符合文意 解析 考查承启句 根据上文的 let them know to come back during that time or that you ll find them then 及下文的 It can help to 可知 此处指让他们知道你什么时候有空 是很重要的 故选 E 项 解析 考查承启句 根据上文的 don t do it in your own office 以及下文的 excuse yourself to get back to your work 可知 你如果不在自己的办公室里 就更容易给自己找到借 口返回来工作 故选 D 项 解析 考查承启句 根据本段的首句 If you have a door to your of fice make good use of it 以及下文的 when the door is closed 可知 G 项符合文意 E Every animal sleeps but the reason for this has remained foggy When lab rats are not allowed to sleep they die within a month 1 C One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories 2 E We know that while awake fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing 加强 connections between brain cells but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons 神经 元 in the brain can be weakened overnight making room for fresh memories to form the next day 3 F Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right 4 G The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping If Tononi s theory is right it would explain why when we miss a night s we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size 5 B You keep what matters Tononi says A We should also try to sleep well the night before B It s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories C Similarly when people go for a few days without sleeping they get sick D The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories E That s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning F Sleep is the price we pay for learning says Giulio Tononi who developed the idea G Tononi s team measured the size of these connections or synapses in the brains of 12 mice 文章大意 这是一篇说明文 文中主要探讨了充足的睡眠帮助人们巩固新记忆 为第二 天的全新记忆腾出空间 解析 考查前后句的连贯 所有的动物都睡觉 但其原因仍然是谜 当实验室的老 鼠不被允许睡觉时 它们一个月内就死了 同样 人类如果连续几天不睡觉 就会生病 所 以 C 项正确 解析 考查前后句的连贯 第二段首句指出一个观点 即睡眠帮助人们巩固新的记 忆 而 E 项则支持该观点 其中 That 指代的就是睡眠帮助巩固新的记忆这一观点 所以 E 项正确 解析 考查前后句的连贯 空前讲 睡眠会为第二天的新记忆腾出空间 且由第四 段第一句中的人称代词 he 可知 F 项正确 解析 考查前后句的连贯 空前讲 有最直接的证据证明 Tononi 的观点是对的 而 空后的内容介绍了实验结果 故可推知空处应是介绍了 Tononi 做的相关实验 故 G 项正确 解析 考查前后句的连贯 根据空前的关键词 protected stayed 以及空后的 keep matters 可知 B 项正确 F How to Do Man on the Street Interviews The man on the street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the sport 1 D But with these tips your first man on the street interview experience can be easy When your boss or professor sends you out to do man on the street interviews for a story think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it For example if your topic is about environmental problems in America you might ask Why do you think environmental protection is important in America 2 G Hit the streets with confidence 3 B Say Excuse me I work for XYZ News and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic This is a quick way to get people to warm up to you Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera Don t get discouraged 4 A Each interview that you get on the street shouldn t be longer than ten minutes As soon as you get the answer you need move on to the next person Make sure that as you go from interview to interview you are getting a variety of answers If everyone is giving you the same answer you won t be able to use it A safe number of interviews to conduct is about six to ten 5 F If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release forms to appear on the air don t leave work without them A Limit your time B As you approach people be polite C If you don t own a camera you can buy one D For new reporters this can seem like a challenging task E To get good and useful results ask them the same question F That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need G With a question like this you will get more than a Yes or No reply 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 街头采访对于新手记者来说可能是一大挑战 但只要按 照作者在文章中提到的几个技巧来做 你也可以完美地完成任务 解析 解本题可用句意判断法 由空格后的 but 以及 can be easy 可以反推 该空讲 的应该是街头采访并非易事 选项 D 对于新手记者 这可能像是一项有挑战性的任务 符 合语境 本设空类型为过渡句类 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 本段说去采访前要列出大约十个与采访话题相关的 问题 并在空前给出例子 Why do you think 选项 G 中 With a question like this 中的 question 指的就是这个问句 本设空类型为细节理解类 解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法 空格后的 excuse me 以及 I was wondering if you could 都体现了采访者的礼貌 这与选项 B 当你接近人们时 要有礼貌 前后照应 本 设空类型为过渡句类 解析 解本题可用设题位置法 显然 该空要填本段的段落小标题 根据空格后的 你在街上的每次采访都不应超过十分钟 可知进行街头采访时要控制好时间 选项 A 正合 语境 本设空类型为段落主题句类 解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法 选项 F 这一数量的采访应该能给你你所需要的全 部答案 中的 that number of interviews 与空格前的 a safe number of interviews to conduct 采访 的保险数量 前后照应 本设空类型为段落总结类 G How to Remember What You Read Reading is important But the next step is making sure that you remember what you ve read 1 D You may have just read the text but the ideas concepts and images 形象 may fly right out of your head Here are a few tricks for remembering what you read 2 A If the plot characters or word usage is confusing for you you likely won t be able to remember what you read It s a bit like reading a foreign language If you don t understand what you re reading how would you remember it But there are a few things you can do Use a dictionary look up the difficult words Are you connected Does a character remind you of a friend Does the setting make you want to visit the place Does the book inspire you and make you want to read more With some books you may feel a connection right away 3 F How willing are you to make the connections happen Read it hear it be it Read the lines Then speak them out loud And put some character into the words When he was writing his novels Charles Dickens would act out the parts of the characters He d make faces in the mirror and change his voice for each character 4 G How often do you read If you read frequently you ll likely have an easier time with remembering what you re reading and what you ve read 5 B As you make reading a regular part of your life you ll make more connections stay more focused and understand the text better You ll learn to enjoy literature as you remember what you read A Are you confused B Practice makes perfect C What s your motivation D Memory is sometimes a tricky thing E Marking helps you remember what you read F But other books require a bit more work on your part G You can do the same thing when you are reading the text 文章大意 本文主要介绍了记住阅读过的内容的技巧 解析 根据空前的 the next step is making sure that you remember what you ve read 和空后的 but the ideas concepts and images 形象 may fly right out of your head 可知 阅读 是重要的 但是你要确保记住所阅读的内容 你可能刚读过了文本 但并没有记住其中的思 想 概念和形象 由此可知 D 项 记忆有时候是一件很困难的事情 符合上下文的衔接 所 以选 D 项 解析 本空是段落主题句 由 If the plot characters or word usage is confusing for you you likely won t be able to remember what you read 可知 该段主题与处理一些令人困 惑的信息有关 故 A 选项与此处匹配 解析 根据空前的 With some books you may feel a connection right away 可知 读有些书时 你可以很快建立联系 空后一句提到 你有多大意愿让这些联系发生 故 F 项 但是 阅读 其他书对你的要求更多一些 与前后句衔接紧密 故选 F 项 解析 本空是段落结尾句 由本段内容可知 大声读出来所阅读的材料并加以演绎 也是一个技巧 本段又以狄更斯写作时演绎自己作品中的角色为例来说明我们也可以这样做 所以选 G 项 解析 根据空前的 If you read frequently you ll likely have an easier time with remembering 和空后的 As you make reading a regular part of your life 可知 有规律的阅读 可以让记忆变得更加轻松 即 熟能生巧 所以选 B 项 H Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock In fact the key to easy morning wake up lies in resetting your body clock 1 C Here is how to make one 2 B In order to make a change you need to decide why it s important Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family get in some exercise or just be better prepared for your day Once you are clear about your reasons tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make Rethink mornings Now that you know why you want to wake up consider re arranging your morning activities If you want time to have breakfast with your family save some time the night before by setting out clothes shoes and bags 3 G That s a quarter hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer Keep your sleep wake schedule on weekends If you re tired out by Friday night sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week a recent study found 4 F Keep a record and evaluate it weekly Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel After you ve tried a new method for a week take a look at your record 5 E If not take another look at other methods you could try A Get a sleep specialist B Find the right motivation C A better plan for sleep can help D And consider setting a second alarm E If the steps you take are working keep it up F Stick to your set bedtime and wake up time no matter the day G Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee 文章大意 本文是一篇说明文 介绍了如何做计划建立好生物钟 保持早睡早起的好习 惯 解析 考查前后句的连贯 第一段最后一句说 以下是如何制作一个 代词 one 指代 计划 一