U3语言点复习.doc

U3Reading语言点复习1 twist v. 盘旋，蜿蜒 twist and turn 蜿蜒曲折2 turn v. / n. 转向 The country（乡下）path twists and turns among the cottages(农舍).a sharp turn 急转弯 turn to the left = turn left 注意区别：He used to be a teacher until he turned writer. He used to be a teacher until he became a writer. 3 mountain chains = mountain ranges 连绵的山脉 a chain reaction 连锁反应 a chain smoker连续抽烟的人a chain store 连锁店 food-chain食品连锁 4 n. construction of the construction site 建筑工地under construction在建设中 construct=build v.5 take shape 成形 An idea slowly took shape in his mind. The new park in our community is beginning to take shape. be in good/ bad shape情况好/情况不好be out of shape身体差;处于不好的状态6 in the distance在远处from a distance 从远处at a distance隔开一段距离 distant adj.遥远的 7 include v.包括 including prep. included adj.被包括的（后置定语）Great Britain includes England, Scotland and Wales. Any trip to Europe must include a visit to Paris. There are 42 students in Class One, including 8 boys.There are 42 students in Class One, 8 boys included.8 open v.表动作/ adj. 表状态 keep the door closed/open The shop is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The shop was opened last Friday. 9 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.sb. spend time/money in doing sth.sb. spend time/money on sth.sth. cost sb time/money It took ten years to complete the construction of this building. 10 preserve v. 保持， 保藏， 保护 preservation n. We should help to preserve the historical buildings in Shanghai. These historical documents are well preserved. No hunting is allowed in the preserve(n. 禁猎地). 11admit v.承认,允许进入 admit doing be admitted to/ into + n. 被接纳入, 被允许进入He was admitted into the famous university. Only a few people can be admitted to this jewellery/ jewelery exhibition each day.12 scenery u.n. 美丽的自然风光 scene c.n. 景色 场景 情景 sight c.n.自然风光，城市的人文景观view c.n. 从高处眺望，从内往外眺望看到的景色 landscape c.n. 风景，landscape painting风景画 山水画13 Do sth, and(那么) you will do . = If you do , you will do Do sth, or（否则）you will do . = If you dont do , you will do 14 historical adj.与历史有关的historical building； historic adj.有历史意义的historic eventhistory teacher 历史老师14 attract v.吸引 attractive adj.吸引人的 attraction n.吸引tourist attraction 旅游景点= places of interest名胜=scenic site =scenic spotUnit 3 Grammar : Passive voice1. 种类 : Active voice : 主动语态：即主语是动作的执行者；Passive voice : 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者2. 及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态；如果不及物动词想用被动语态，要带上相应的介词；例： The music is always listened to by the children.动词短语也要特别注意不能省略介词：有两种被动语态take care of, make use of, pay attention to, take notice of, take advantage of 例take good care of sb. : Good care be taken of sb.=sb. be taken good care of3.一个动词，如果一般情况下是及物动词，在句中时如果没有宾语，要想到用被动语态：He came in without_(ask).He tried to make himself _（understand） in English.The road is _(repair)4.sell well(好卖，畅销) ，wash easily（易洗） , wear long （耐穿）, write smoothly（书写流畅）, read interestingly（读起来有趣 ）。以上短语在使用中不用被动语态，是属于主表被，以表示其物品的属性，而不是强调动作5.无论是谓语动词，还是非谓语动词，都要时刻考虑主动语态及被动语态的问题。例：He raised his voice in order to _( hear ) clearly.My watch _(repair) now , as a result , I have no time . 6.rise/raise, lay/liea. The sun _ in the east .b. Every morning , we _ the National Flag on the playground.c. We climbed to the top of the mountain to see the sun _.d. He _ his hand to show he had a question .e. The wallet _ on the ground .f. He _ down his book and went away . 7.何时使用被动语态：a.不知道动作执行者是谁，即无主语句；b.没有必要指出谁是动作执行者，即泛指主语；c.为了强调动作承受者；8.情态动词的被动语态，要在情态动词后+be done或have been doneThe problem can be solved in another way . You should have handed in your homework yesterday . （虚拟语气）9.make sb do sth.主动make sb./sth. done被动: make oneself heard / make oneself understoodsee ( watch , notice . hear , listen to , look at) sb do/doing/donesb. be seen to do/doing/done He watched the children playing football . The boss made him work hard all day long . I saw him run into the house . 10. find ( consider, feel, think, make ) sb/ sth strange We consider the situation very serious . They found him hard to deal with . U3 More reading语言点复习1.remains pl. 残留物,废墟,遗迹,遗址;遗体，遗骸the remains of a meal the remains of a chicken the remains of the snake the remains of a defeated(击败的) army the remains of ancient Rome / Angkor Wat remain v.a. 剩余，剩下， 遗留1) Nothing remained of the house after the big fire .2) Lets leave the remaining points for our next class .b. 留待， 有待于( remain to be done ) 1）It remains to be seen whether you are right . 2）Much remains to be done . 3）The problem remains to be discussed further c. 仍然是，保持不变，还是 1）He remained silent . 2) He remains poor . 3) They remained to be good friends in spite of their quarrel. 4) The situation remained very serious.remaining a. 剩余的 = left the remaining points = the points left 2.abandon v. 离开某人、某地而不返回，遗弃，抛弃，离弃a baby abandoned by his parents an abandoned car / village abandon a plan / a project / the habit /all the hope / the match /3.access n. (接近或进入某地的)方法，权利，机会，通道:have/gain access to1）The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields .2）Students must have access to a good library.学生要有使用好图书馆的便利条件。3) Only high officials have access to the president.accessible adj.可以接近的或到达的/ inaccessible : sp be accessible to sb The village is inaccessible to buses 4. ruin n.毁坏，毁灭，灭亡The news meant the ruin of all our hopes.fall into ruin 化为废墟，成为废墟 ruin v. 毁灭某人（某物）1） He ruined his prospects (前途)by accepting bribe(贿赂)2） The storm ruined the crops .3） The island has been ruined by tourism.5.overlook 俯瞰， 眺望； 漏看， 漠视1） The Great Pyramids of Giza overlook the Nile .2） My room