一动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语不定式通常是由不定式符号to动词原形构成.doc

动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语 不定式通常是由不定式符号to 动词原形构成。 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种情况一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式二是“动词疑问词 带to的不定式”。 “动词带to的不定式”结构常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford agree believe decide fail hope want plan choose prepare forget remember begin/start learn promiserefuse wish等。如 I cant afford to buy a house. “动词疑问代副词不定式”结构常见的这类动词有advise decide forget know learn remember see tell think teach wonder understand guess explain等。这类疑问代副词what when which where how whether等不包含why。如 She does not know how to go there. He will tell you when to start. 在不定式作宾语时有时我们会使用it作形式宾语而把不定式放到后面。如 They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening 不带to 的不定式 1. 表示感觉的动词see hear feel notice watch observe和have let make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。 He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人进屋了。 They made her do the work alone. 他们让她单独做这个工作。 2. help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 Can you help me to clean up after the meal 作宾语补足语 表示“命令、忠告”等的动词如:tell ask want wish allowadviseinviteorder remind warn encourage等后面常接不定式作宾补感官动词feel hear see watch等和使役动词make let have等后接不定式作宾补时须省去to。 二反身代词 反身代词的构成 第一、 第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上selfselves构成。如myself我自己ourselves我们自己yourself你自己yourselves你们自己。第二、 第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上selfselves构成。如himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。值得注意的是凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。 反身代词的用法 1反身代词不能作主语但是它可以作主语同位语放在主语后或句末。如我亲自去了电影院。误Myself went to the cinema.正I went to the cinema myself. 2反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music.我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。You can go and ask him himself.你可以去问他本人。 3反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如Nobody she learnt it all by herself.没人她自学的。I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: “Whats wrong with my eyes”她自言自语地说“我的眼睛怎么啦”Dont always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。 4反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面enjoy help hurt teach wash look after get dressed buy等。如Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend 你们周末玩得开心吗He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语。“Help yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子们随便吃一些鱼 。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。 5反身代词可以作表语。如Im not quite myself today.我今天情绪不好。He doesnt seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。 三方式副词 很多方式副词是在形容词的后面加ly构成的如 slow- slowly wonderful- wonderfully 有些副词与形容词同形 如fast early late highhard straight等 方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后修饰及物动词时放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后如宾语较长也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。例如 He works hard. He speaks English very well Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends 注意有些副词有两种形式一个与形容词同形一个以 ly结尾但它们的含义是不同的例如 l.close接近地 closely仔细地密切地 2.free免费地 freely自由地无拘束地 3.hard努力地 hardly几乎不 4.late晚迟 lately近来 5.most极非常 mostly主要地 6.wide广阔地充分地 widely广泛地 7.high高 highly高度地非常地 8.deep深迟 deeply抽象意义的“深” 9.loud大声地 loudly大声地含有喧闹的意思 10.near邻近 nearly几乎 典型例题 1. Youd better _home now. A. going B. go to C. to go D. go 2. Will you help me _ these pictures A. put on B. to put up C. putting up D. put into 3. On the way home we _some waterbecause we were thirsty. A. stopped and drink B. stopped drinking C. stopped to drink D. stopped for drinking 4. Why _the teacher A. ask not B. not ask C. not asking D. not to ask 5. I havent got a chair _. A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting 6. Im hungryget me sth. _. A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eating 7. I havent decided which hotel_. A. to stay B. is to stay in C. to stay in D. is for staying 8. The boss made workers _14 hours a day. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 9. We shall have _ after school. A. sth. to do B. everything do C. anything to do D. nothing do 10. The teacher let the boy_ it again. A. does B. did C. to do D. do 11. The young man is old enough _ the army. A. to join in B. joined C. join D. to join 12. Granny told her _ the cat any more. A. not play with B. to not play with C. not to play with D. dont play with 13. He really doesnt know_ . A. to talk about B. to talk about what C. what to talk D. what to talk about 14. Jack decided_in Beijing before May Day. A. to reach B. to get C. to arrive D. go 15. It took me an hour _the homework yesterday evening. A. to do B. did C. doing D. do 16. Im glad _ you again. A. to look at B. to see C. looking D. seeing 17. Mary asked me _for her. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 18. “_”said the great musician. A. Let me to hear you to play B. Let me hear you to play C. Let me hear you play D. Let me to hear you play 19. Mother is sure _. A. win B. to win C. to be winning D. won 20. Mike is waiting _the doctor. A. to see B. for to see C. see D. for see 21. Who taught you _ a bus. A. driving B. to drive C. riding D. to ride22. Its necessary _the book at once. A. for him to return B. to him return C. at him to return D. to him to return 23. We find it difficult _ the work in two hours. A. finishing B. to finish C. finish D. finished 24. Would you please _ the text A. read B. to read C. reading D. is reading 25. After singing a song Mary _ us a story. A. went on telling B. went on to tell C. went telling D. went to tell 26. Its very kind _ to see me. A. that you come B. that you will come C. for you to come D. of you to come 【模拟试题】 一、选择题 1. - Mum the Chinese medicine tastes so _ that I dont want to take it. - But dear it is good for you. A. good B. terribly C. terrible D. well 2. - I think we should keep _ in the reading-room. - You are right. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly 3. - How was the old woman this morning - She looked _. A. be happy B. happily C. happy D. to be happily 4. Travelling by train is _ cheaper and _ enjoyable than by air. A. more much more B. quite much too C. very very much D. much far more 5. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A. nice well B. nice good C. well well D. good nice 6. - Look at the picture. Hows the weather - Its _. A. sunny B. windy C. wet D. warm 7. In the exam the _ you are the _ mistakes youll make. A. carefully little B. more carefully fewest C. more careful fewer D. more careful less 8. - That man is driving _. We must stop him at once. - OK. Lets call the police. A. careful B. carefully C. dangerous D. dangerously 9. - How do you write with your new pen - _. A. Quickly and neatly B. Quick and neat C. Quick and neatly D. Quickly and neat 10. It is _ to work out this problem. You neednt go to ask the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily 11. They all looked _ at the teacher and felt quite _. A. sad sad B. sadly sadly C. sad sadly D. sadly sad 12. - Its _ nice of you to help me. - Thats all right. A. true B. truly C. real D. really 13. Cathy did quite _ in the English competition but Jenny did even _. A. better well B. well well C. well bet