2013全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题第三套.docx

2013全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题_理工类_A级（三）2013全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟试题_理工类_A级（三）一、词汇选项(共15题，共15.0分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1 1. Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials. A trim B meltC drillD slice2. The cost of elections in the United States is borne by both the government and the private sector. A known B foughtC exposedD assumed3. Acknowledged as the main cause of hay fever the pollen of ragweed is very bothersome. A intriguing B annoyingC potentD significant4. They got in quite a brawl. A snit B fightC ballyD littering5. By providing legal representation, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights. A branches B exercisesC perusalsD violations6. The first step in planning a marketing strategy for a new product is to analyze the breakdown of sales figures for competitive products. A decrease in B reordering ofC itemization ofD collapse in7. The bricklayer is working on the house today. A carpenterB plumberC electricianD mason 8. Brilliantly colored flowers attract insects. A Delicately B SensiblyC HarmoniouslyD Brightly9. On the brink of matrimony, he fled to a desert island. A ship B proposalC edgeD evasion10. Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation. A fancifullyB liberallyC quaintlyD dryly11. Maria Chapman, abolitionist and close associate of William Lloyed Garrison, wrote many brochures condemning slavery. A slogans B short poemsC sentimentsD short pamphlets12. Its evident that her handling of them has bruised the peaches. A promulgated B infatuatedC damagedD infuriate13. Messalinas name has become a byword for notorious behavior. A an epithet B an abstractionC an indicationD an oration14. The caliber of F.Scott Fitzgeralds writing was reassessed by literary critics in the 1950s. A idealism B creativityC qualityD imagery15. People fishing on a lake must wait calmly so as not to scare the fish away. A considerately B hungrilyC alertlyD quietly 二、阅读判断(共7题，共7.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。 Learning DisorderDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the worlds great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled .The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different .In most people, the left side of the brainthe part that controls languageis larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.16 One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned17 . Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned18 . The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned19 . The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned20 . Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned21 . It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned22 . Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative once they have learned to handle language properly. A RightB Wrong C Not mentioned三、概括大意与完成句子(共8题，共8.0分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How to Learn Language Successfully1 Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.2 First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language .Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guesters who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.3 Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete .It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every world.4 Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them .They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.5 What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.23 . Paragraph 1 _24 . Paragraph 2 _25 . Paragraph 3 _26 . Paragraph 4 _ A Ways to Learn a Language Successfully B Learning a Language Purposefully C Learning a Language Actively D Learning a Language Independently E Learning from Mistakes F Learning to Think in the Target Language27 . Successful language learners derive conclusions _.28 . Independent language learners rely on themselves _. 29. Active language learners seize every opportunity _. 30 . The author wrote this text _. A to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules B to expand vocabulary C to use the target language D to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully E from clues F to say strange things四、阅读理解(共15题，共45.0分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel. Natural gas reserves could plug some of the gap from oil, but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either. Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years. We could fast reach an energy crisis. We need to rapidly develop sustainable solutions to fuel our future. Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solution. They may benefit the worlds poor too. “Renewable” refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. The Chinese and Romans used watermills over 2000 years ago. But the first hydroelectric dam was built in England in 1870. Hydroelectric power is now the most common form of renewable energy, supplying around 20% of world electricity. Chinas Three Gorges Dam, which has just been completed, is the largest ever. At five times the size of the USs Hoover Dam, its 26 turbines will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations. It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. Surprisingly, some argue that hydroelectric dams significantly contribute greenhouse gases. In 2003, the first commercial power station to harness tidal currents in the open sea opened in Norway. It is designed like windmill, but others take the form of turbines. As prices fall, wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation quadrupling worldwide between 1999 and 2005. Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity. Though it will be more expensive, there is more than enough wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms. They can often end up at spots of natural beauty, and are often unpopular with residents. And turbines are not totally benignthey can interfere with radar and leave a significant ecological footprint, altering climate and killing sea birds. Migrating birds may have more luck avoiding them Scotland is building Europes largest wind farm, which will power 200,000 homes. The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources, mainly wind, by 2020. But this may cause problems, because wind is unreliable.31 . What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article? A Petroleum and coal. B Natural gas. C Wind and water. D A and B.32 . Chinas Three Gorges Dam A is the first hydroelectric dam in the world. B is of the same size of the USs Hoover Dam. C is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. D supplies around 20% of the world electricity.33 . Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides. A China. B Norway. C England. D America.34. Which of the following statements is true of wind power? A There is plenty of wind to provide the worlds entire energy needs. B It is the most rapidly growing type of electricity production. C It may not be reliable. D All of the above.35 . According to the article, resources such as wind A are sustainable but not replaceable. B are renewable so sustainable. C are sustainable so renewable. D are irreplaceable.Immigration and Problems Hundreds of thousands of people supporting immigration rights in the US filled streets all over America in early 2006. Many held signs and American flags and asked to be treated as citizensnot criminals. Many of these supported legislation from Senator John McCain that would open a path to citizenship to immigrants who were already in the country illegally. Proposed legislation from other politicians called for stricter measuresincluding rounding up undocumented immigrants and sending them back to their home countries. Canadian officials say that immigration applications continue to rise. Some want to keep the doors open. They need the labor. About 400,000 immigrants were allowed into the country in 2005, according to the Canadian Government statistics. However, all this growth means that cities need to adapt. Newcomers dont always make a smooth transition into jobs for which they are skilled. So industries are using mentoring programs to help new immigrants find proper jobs. With the large numbers of undocumented African immigrants arriving in the Canary Islands and showing no sign of abating, the Spanish Government has decided to get tough. There will be no more mass amnesties for illegal, and anyone coming to Spain without permission will be sent back, the government has announced. About 23,000 migrants landed on the islands in 2006, and riots have erupted in some crowded reception centers. This has promoted local authorities to appeal to the United Nations for help. Frances new immigration and integration law gives the government new powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. The new law authorizes the government to identify particular professions where France has a talent shortage. Then the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. The selected foreign employees will be granted skills and talents visas, valid for three years. But some concern that itll cause brain drain in developing countries.36 . Many immigrants swarmed into streets in the US in early 2006, demanding that they should be treated as_. A animals B citizens C civilians D criminals37 . Some Canadian officials want to keep the door open because_. A Canada is in desperate need of talented people B Canada can feed a much larger population C Canada is suffering from labor shortage D Canada is a multicultural country 38 . What has the Spanish Government decided to do? A Help immigrants find proper jobs. B Let immigrants freely enter the country. C Integrate immigrants into the Spanish culture. D Take tough measures against illegal immigration. 39 . After Frances new immigration and integration law takes effect, it will_. A lure overseas students back home B undermine the unity of the country C drain developing countries of talent D induce resentment among the French workers 40 . The phrasal verb rounding up in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_. A capturing B encircling C separating D frightening Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment. Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain. Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers. Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said: “Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area. ”“In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, ” Sanders said. The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence. Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said: “What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effectthereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering. ”Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.41 . Why are ants co