PK 总信息 外文 参考文献 致谢.docx

第十一章.PK计算11.1总信息 (一)总信息:水平力与整体坐标夹角（度）0混凝土容重（kN/m3）25.00钢材容重（kN/m3）78.00裙房层数0转换层所在层号0嵌固端所在层号1地上部分层数5地下室层数0墙元细分最大控制长度（m）1.00弹性板细分最大控制长度（m）1.00转换层指定为薄弱层是墙梁跨中节点作为刚性楼板从节点是高位转换结构等效侧向刚度比计算传统方法墙倾覆力矩计算方法考虑墙的所有内力贡献考虑梁板顶面对齐否构件偏心方式传统移动节点方式结构材料信息钢筋混凝土结构结构体系框架结构恒活荷载计算信息模拟施工加载 3风荷载计算信息计算水平风荷载地震作用计算信息计算水平地震作用结构所在地区全国规定水平力的确定方式楼层剪力差方法（规范方法）墙梁转框架梁的控制跨高比（0=不转）0.00框架连梁按壳元计算控制跨高比0.00扣除构件重叠质量和重量否刚性楼板假定计算信息对所有楼层强制采用刚性楼板假定楼梯计算信息带楼梯参与整体计算楼梯模型梁单元(二)控制信息:计算软件信息64位线性方程组的解法Pardiso地震作用分析方法总刚分析方法位移输出方式简化输出吊车荷载计算否生成传给基础的刚度否(三)风荷载信息:地面粗糙度类别C修正后的基本风压（kN/m2）0.55X向结构基本周期（秒）0.78Y向结构基本周期（秒）0.71风荷载作用下结构的阻尼比（%）5.00承载力设计时风荷载效应放大系数1.00用于舒适度验算的风压（kN/m2）0.35用于舒适度验算的结构阻尼比（%）2.00考虑顺风向风振影响是考虑横风向风振影响否考虑扭转风振影响否水平风体型系数：体型分段数1第一段：最高层号5X向体型系数1.30Y向体型系数1.30设缝多塔背风面体型系数0.50(四)地震信息:结构规则性信息规则设防地震分组第一组设防烈度8（0.2g）场地类别II 类砼框架抗震等级1 一级剪力墙抗震等级2 二级钢框架抗震等级2 二级抗震构造措施的抗震等级不改变悬挑梁默认取框梁抗震等级否按主振型确定地震内力符号否按抗规（6.1.3-3）降低嵌固端以下抗震构造措施的抗震等级否部分框支剪力墙结构底部加强区剪力墙抗震等级自动提高一级（高规表3.9.3、表3.9.4）是程序自动考虑最不利水平地震作用否考虑双向地震作用是考虑偶然偏心否重力荷载代表值的活载组合值系数0.50周期折减系数0.70特征周期（秒）0.35水平地震影响系数最大值0.16用于12层以下规则砼框架结构薄弱层验算的地震影响系数最大值0.90结构阻尼比选取方法全楼统一结构的阻尼比（%）5.00特征值分析参数：分析类型子空间迭代法计算振型个数15斜交抗侧力构件方向附加地震数0是否采用自定义地震影响系数曲线否(五)活荷信息:柱、墙设计时活荷载折减传给基础的活荷载折减梁活荷不利布置的最高层号5柱、墙、基础活荷载折减系数：计算截面以上层数折减系数11.002-30.904-50.906-80.909-200.6020层以上0.55梁楼面活荷载折减设置不折减考虑结构使用年限的活荷载调整系数1.00(六)调整信息:梁活荷载内力放大系数1.00梁扭矩折减系数0.40托墙梁刚度放大系数1.00支撑临界角（度）20.00梁端负弯矩调幅系数0.80梁端弯矩调幅方法通过竖向构件判断调幅梁支座地震作用下连梁刚度折减系数0.60风荷载作用下的连梁刚度折减系数1.00柱实配钢筋超配系数1.15墙实配钢筋超配系数1.15采用中梁刚度放大系数Bk2.00梁刚度放大系数按主梁计算否按抗震抗规(5.2.5)调整各楼层地震内力是弱轴方向动位移比例（0-1）0.00强轴方向动位移比例（0-1）0.00薄弱层调整：按刚度比判断薄弱层的方式按抗规和高规从严判断受剪承载力突变形成的薄弱层自动进行调整否指定的薄弱层个数0薄弱层地震内力放大系数1.25地震作用调整：全楼地震作用放大系数1.00二道防线调整：考虑双向地震时内力调整方式先考虑双向地震再调整0.2V0分段调整方法规范方法alpha0.20beta1.50调整分段数0调整系数上限2.00调整与框支柱相连的梁的内力否框支柱调整系数上限5.00指定的加强层个数0(七)设计信息:结构重要性系数1.00钢构件截面净毛面积比0.85梁按压弯计算的最小轴压比0.15考虑P-效应否按高规或高钢规进行构件设计否框架梁端配筋考虑受压钢筋是结构中的框架部分轴压比限值按照纯框架结构的规定采用否剪力墙构造边缘构件的设计执行高规7.2.16-4条的较高配筋要求是当边缘构件轴压比小于抗规6.4.5条规定的限值时一律设置构造边缘构件是按混凝土规范B.0.4条考虑柱二阶效应否梁按高规5.2.3-4条进行简支梁控制主梁、次梁均执行此条主梁进行简支梁控制的处理方法分段计算梁保护层厚度（mm）20.00柱保护层厚度（mm）20.00梁柱重叠部分简化为刚域：梁端简化为刚域否柱端简化为刚域否钢柱计算长度系数：X向：有侧移Y向：有侧移柱配筋计算原则按单偏压计算柱剪跨比计算原则简化方式（H/2h0）过渡层信息：过渡层个数0(八)配筋信息:钢筋级别：梁主筋级别HRB400360梁箍筋级别HRB400360柱主筋级别HRB400360柱箍筋级别HRB400360墙主筋级别HRB400360墙水平分布筋级别HRB400360墙竖向分布筋级别HRB400360边缘构件箍筋级别HRB400360箍筋间距：梁箍筋间距（mm）100.00柱箍筋间距（mm）100.00墙水平分布筋间距（mm）200.00墙分布筋配筋率：墙竖向分布筋配筋率（%）0.30墙最小水平分布筋配筋率（%）0.00梁抗剪配筋采用交叉斜筋方式时，箍筋与对角斜筋的配筋强度比1.00(九)荷载组合:恒荷载分项系数G1.20活荷载分项系数L1.40活荷载组合系数L0.70重力荷载代表值效应的活荷组合值系数EG0.50重力荷载代表值效应的吊车荷载组合值系数0.50风荷载分项系数W1.40风荷载组合值系数W0.60水平地震作用分项系数Eh1.30竖向地震作用分项系数Ev0.50吊车荷载组合值系数0.70温度荷载分项系数1.40吊车荷载分项系数1.40特殊风荷载分项系数1.40温度作用的组合值系数：仅考虑恒、活荷载参与组合0.60考虑风荷载参与组合0.00考虑仅地震作用参与组合0.00砼构件温度效应折减系数0.30采用自定义组合及工况否(十)性能设计:按照高规方法进行性能设计不考虑(十一)其他重要参数:主控自由度总数4155外文翻译Building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingDimosi MCANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGAbstract：The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Keyword: Concrete crack prevention processingForeword Concretes ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material.Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality. Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti- Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat arrive peoples life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineerings is because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result that. at under construction should as far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure dont appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emergence, insure engineering quality thus. Concrete crack creation of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused with chemical effect.Want differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, workout a problem according to the actual circumstance. In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention 1.Stem Suo crack and prevention Stem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a week.In the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is cant negative.Stem Suo crack of the creation be main is because of concrete inside outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation more big pull should dint but creation crack.The relative humidity is more low, cement syrup body stem Suo more big, stem the Suo crack be more easy creation.Stem the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack, width many between 0.05-0.2 mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to distribute. Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of cement.Two is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce water.Three is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute cant big in match ratio design give settle of use water quantity.Four is the earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect, and appropriate extension protect of concrete time.Winter construction want to be appropriate extension concrete heat preservation to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect to protect.Five is a constitution the accommodation is in the concrete structure of the constringency sew. 2.The Su constringency crack and prevention Su constringency is the concrete is before condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creation of constringency.The Su constringency crack is general at dry heat or strong wind the weather appear, cracks much presenting in the center breadth, both ends be in the centerthin and the length be different, with each other not coherent appearance.Shorter crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 mm.It creation of main reason is:The concrete is eventually almost having no strength or strength before the Ning very small, perhaps concrete just eventually Ning but strength very hour, be subjected to heat or compare strong wind dint of influence, the concrete surface lose water to lead quick, result in in the capillary creation bigger negative press but make a concrete physical volume sharply constringency, but at this time the strength of concrete again cant resist its constringency, therefore creation cracked.The influence concrete Su constringency open the main factor of crack to have water ash ratio, concrete of condense time, environment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity.etc. Main prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo value smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or common the Huo sour brine mire.Two is strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of dosage.Three is to sprinkle before building concrete, water basic level and template even to soak through.Four is in time to overlay the perhaps damp grass mat of the plastics thin film, hemp slice etc., keep concrete eventually before the Ning surface is moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the concrete surface.Five is in the heat and strong wind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze facilities, protect in time. 3.Sink to sink crack and prevention The creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perhaps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asymmetry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation crack.This kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink a circumstance, general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 s-45 Cape direction development, bigger sink to sink crack, usually have certain of wrong, crack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion relation.Crack width under the influence of temperature variety smaller.The foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability. Main prevention measure:One is rightness loose soft soil, return to fill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of Hang solid with reinforce.Two is the strength that assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint even.Three is keep concrete from sprinkle infusing the foundation in the process is soak by water.Four is time that template tore down to cant be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of sequence.Five is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure. 4.Temperature crack and prevention Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the earth area of the concrete structure.Concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 17500-27500 kJ and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 or so even higher)Because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth, cause inner part the temperature hoick, but the concrete surface spread hot more quick, so formation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature, the bigger difference in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the degree of the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity, make concrete surface creation certain of pull should dint.When pull should dint exceed the anti- of concrete pull strength extreme limit, concrete surface meeting creation crack, this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction period. Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium hot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement.etc.Two is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kg/m 3 following.Three is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below 0.6.Four is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn hot.Five is an improvement concrete of mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build temperature.Six is the in addition that the Chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su, slow Ning etc. function in the concrete, improvement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn hot, postpone hot Feng of emergence time.Crack processing The emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole with just degree, return will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, acceleration concrete of carbonization, lower durable and anti- of concrete tired, anti- Shen ability.Therefore according to the property of crack and concrete circumstance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage. The repair measure of the concrete crack is main to have the following some method:Surface repair method, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method, the structure reinforce a method, concrete displacement method, electricity chemistry protection method and imitate to living from heal method. Surface repair the method be a kind of simple, familiar of repair method, it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability dont have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack of processing.The processing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to open crack, usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. measure. 1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method Infuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to have influence or have already defend Shen request to the structure whole of repair, it is make use of pressure equipments gum knot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot the material harden behind and concrete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of purpose.The in common use gum knot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C Xi sour ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to learn material. The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in common use method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of purpose.The in common use Su material has PVC gum mire, plastics ointment, the D Ji rubber etc.;In common use rigid water material is the polymer cement sand syrup. 2, the structure reinforce a method When the crack influence arrive concrete structure of function, will consideration adopt to reinforce a method to carry on processing to the concrete structure.The structure reinforce medium in common use main have the following a few method:The piece of enlargement concrete structure in every aspect accumulate, outside the Cape department of the Gou piece pack type steel, adoption prepare should the dint method reinforce, glue to stick steel plate to reinforce, increase to establish fulcrum to reinforce and jet the concrete compensation reinforce. 3, concrete displacement methodConcrete displacement method is processing severity damage concrete of a kind of valid method, this method be first will damage of the concrete pick and get rid of, then again displacement go into new of concrete or other material.The in common use displacement material have:Common concrete or the cement sand syrup, polymer or change sex polymer concrete or sand syrup. 4, the electricity chemistry protection methodThe electricity chemistry antisepsis is to make use of infliction electric field in lie the quality of electricity chemical effect, change concrete or reinforced concrete the environment appearance of the place, the bluntness turn reinforcing bar to attain the purpose of antisepsis.Cathode protection method, chlorine salts withdrawing a method, alkalescence to recover a method is a chemistry protection method in three kinds of in common use but valid method.The advantage of this kind of method is a protection method under the influence of environment factor smaller, apply reinforcing bar, concrete of long-term antisepsis, since can used for crack structure already can also used for new set up structure. 5, imitate to living from legal