高二词汇兼阅读理解和完型n.doc

文俊6.1 词汇、综合提升another pron. 另一个辨析：other, the other, others, the others, another1.other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如：Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ 2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如：He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如：Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other +复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another=an+ other，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 【即时体验】I have three daughters. One is a nurse, is a teacher and is a worker.follow vt. 跟随；仿效；跟得上follow这个单词在英文中使用非常普遍，它最大的特点就是后面直接跟名词或代词，不用加任何介词。Follow me! 跟我来。Spring follows winter.冬去春来。短语：follow on 继续 follow out 做到底，追究 as follows 如下The results are as follows.结果如下。following adj. 接着的，以下的the following sentences 下列句子The following day, I went to see the doctor.第二天，我就去看病了。【即时体验】If you my advice, you will pass the exam.among prep. of 在之中辨析：among，between一般说来，among 用于三者或三者以上的“在中间”，其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数(或集合)意义的名词或代词；而between 主要指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由 and 连接的两个人或物： They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。There was a fight between the two boys. 这两个孩子打过一次架。Im usually free between Tuesday and Thursday. 我通常在星期二与星期四之间有空。注：在下列情况，between 可用于三者：(1) 当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时：between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时：the difference between the three of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between various countries 各国之间的关系(3) 表示“由于合作的结果”时：Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide, share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用 among between 均可.【即时体验】He divided his money his five sons.attend vt. 出席,参加; 照顾,护理; 伴随,陪伴 vi. 专心,注意; 照顾,护理; 伴随,侍候如：Id like to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony. 我想邀请你参加我们的毕业典礼。My heart was filled with gladness that I was able to attend our teacher 我因为能来护理我们导师，心里非常高兴。I will attend you to the classroom. 我将陪你去教室。拓展attend to 专心,注意; 护理,照顾; 专心于如：I forgot to check whether I had anything else to attend to. 我忘了检查一下是否还有什么别的事情要做。The nurse is attending to a sick man. 護士正在照料病人。attendance n. 出席,照料,出席的人数如：The factory director checked on work attendance strictly. 厂长严格考勤。I know that the professor will keep track of my attendance. 我知道教授会记录我的出勤情况. 即时体验Did you the concert yesterday evening?Sorry, I forgot and I didnt have enough time. I regret my homework earlier. A. attend; not to finish B. join; not finishing C. take part in; having not finishedD. attend; not having finishedchallenging adj. 挑战性的,令人鼓舞的,挑拨的,刺激的如：My present job is too routine an I want to take up a more challenging one. 我目前的工作太刻板了，我想做一些较有挑战性的工作。拓展challenge n. 挑战；vt. 向挑战 vi. 挑战, 反对如：A lot will depend on how she responded to the challenge. 很多事将取决于她对这次挑战是怎样做出反应的。I challenge the truth of your story. 我对你所讲故事的真实性表示怀疑。即时体验Finding information in todays world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. (2006天津)A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledgeprepare vi. 准备； 预备；制作；调制如：How would like to prepare the fish. 你想要这么做这个鱼啊？常用搭配：prepare sth. 准备某事prepare for sth. 为某事做准备prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare sb. / oneself for . . . 事某人 / 自己为做好准备be (well ) prepared for . . . 为做好准备be (well ) prepared to do sth. 准备好某事拓展n. preparation 准备in preparation for 为. . . 做准备make (full) preparation for 为做(充分的)准备注意：prepare sth. 表示 “准备某事 / 物” prepare 的宾语是正在做的东西或者事情，如 “prepare dinner” 表示“准备晚饭、做晚饭”。prepare for sth. 表示 “为某事做准备”，for 在此表示目的，如 “prepare for an exam” 表示“为考试做准备”。即时体验After the success of A Letter from an Unknown Woman, Chinese director Xu Jinglei her second film titled Days in the Forbidden City, is about Chinas only Empress Wu Zetian during the Tang Dynasty. A. is preparing; that B. is preparing for; that C. is preparing; whichD. is preparing for; which experienceexperience vt. 经验；体验；n. 经验 （不可数名词）；经历 （可数名词）如：We experienced a lot of difficulties in selling our house. 我们在买房的时候经历了很多的困难。Do you have any experience of dealing with children?你有跟小孩子打交道的经验吗？My trip to Australia was an experience Ill never forget. 我去澳大利亚的经历是永远不能忘记的。常用搭配：learn from / by / through experience 通过经验学习full of experience经验丰富拓展adj. experienced 有经验的；经验丰富的如：Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher. 所有的活动都在一名经验丰富的老师的指导下进行。即时体验All the students in our class admire Miss Chen very much, for she is teacher with rich teaching . A. an experience; experience B. an experienced; experienceC. an experienced; experiencesD. the experiencing; experiencesmake (made, made) vt.制造, 做;使得 n. 样式；制造 1.制造，建造make paper / cloth / shoes / a road 2.作出make great efforts 作出很大努力make an answer回答make a decision作出决定make progress 取得进步make a promise作出许诺3写作，制定，订立make a poem 作诗make a sentence 造句make laws / rules 制定法律 / 规章make a plan 订计划4成，组成，成为 的一分子That event has made the headline. 那事件成了重大新闻。One tree doesnt make a wood. 独木不成林。He made the college basketball team.他成了大学篮球队队员。5成为，变成He will make a very good athlete.他将成为一名非常优秀的运动员。That makes the third time he has succeeded in his experiment.这次已是他实验成功的第三次了。6使成为， 任命为，选举为Make yourself comfortable.（招待客人用语）请随意。They made him their team leader.他们推选他当了队长。7整理，布置，准备 make the beds铺床，make camp扎营make a fire生火make tea泡茶8引起，产生 make trouble捣乱make (no) sense毫无意义9认为，估计What time do you make it? 你看现在几点钟了？I make the distance to be about 70 kilometers.我估计这距离约有70公里。make no doubt of it并不怀疑10获得，挣得，（比赛中的）得分make profits获利make money赚钱make a / ones living维持生活make friends with sb和某人交朋友make enemies树敌11实行，进行make a survey / investigation进行调查make peace 讲和make war开战12总计，等于Three plus six makes nine. 3加6等于9短语：1.be made of 主语是原材料2.be made from主语是原材料3.be made into 主语是制成品4.be made in 5.be made by 6.be made up of主动语态中无of 即：make up7.make sb do sth 被动语态为：be made to do sth8.make ita. 规定时间Shall we meet next week? 下星期我们碰一次头好吗？Yes, lets make it next Sunday. 好的，让我们约定下星期日吧。Lets make it 8：30. Is that all right for you?我们定在8：30吧。这对你合适吗？b. 成功，做到，赶上You have just 15 minutes to get your train. 你只有一刻钟的时间去赶这班火车了。All right, I guess I can make it. 没关系，我想我赶得上。You cant make it to the other shore in this weather.Were too late. I dont think well make it.我们太晚了，我看赶不上（参加某活动了）。We had hoped to get to the meeting, but we found at the last minute that we couldnt make it.我们原来是希望赶上开会的，但最后几分钟我们发现赶不上了。9.make outa. 写出，填写，开列 make out a cheque Make out a list of booksb. 理解，了解，弄清I cant make out the meaning of this passage.我不能理解这段文章的意思。c. 勉强看出，看出，听出，辨别出I cant make out his handwriting.我认不出他的字迹。I make out a bamboo thicket over there.我隐约看见那边有一片竹林。d. 对 形成看法（或意见）How do you make that out?你是怎样看那事的？10.make out of 用制造She made a skirt out of the material.她用这种料子做了一条裙子。11.make full / better /no use of 12.make the best of 充分利用（时间、机会等）13.make up： a. 弥补make up missed lessons补课b. 编造make up a dialogue / storyc. 组成Three stories make up the whole book.d.（给）化装She was slightly made up.她稍稍涂了一点脂粉。14.make up for补偿，弥补16.make up for lost time补偿失去的时间make up for a mistake 补救失误17.make a call to sb ：给某人打一个电话18.make / do / carry out an experiment 做实验19.make it +adj / n + thatI made it a condition that everybody must be present.我提出条件，人人都要出席。20.make oneself known / understood / heard / seen21.make ends meet 使收支相抵，22.make fun of = laugh at23.make it a rule to do sth 把做某事作为一种惯例24.make room / space / way for 给让地 / 路They moved to another house to make room for the old lady.他们搬到另一栋屋里, 给新来的人腾地方。25.make sure / certain + 从句26.make up ones mind(s) to do sth.辨析：make.from, make.of, o, make upmake.from为“用.原料制成”，介词的宾语是原材料，用from表示从制成品上看不出原来的制作材料。例如：They make wine from grapes. 他们用葡萄为原料制成葡萄酒。This cake is made from corn. 这个蛋糕是以玉米为原料制成的。make.of为“用.材料制成”，介词的宾语是某种材料，用of表示从制成品上可以看出原来的材料。例如：Nearly everything inside the room is made of bamboo. 屋子里的东西几乎都是用竹子制成的。This big box is made of wood. 这个大盒子是由木头制成的。o为“把.做成”，动词的宾语是某种原料和材料，介词into的宾语是制成品。例如：They make milk into butter and cheese. 他们把牛奶制成白脱和奶酪。Can you make this material into a skirt?你能把这布料制成一件衬衫吗？o与make.from, make.of的区别：Flour is made from wheat. 面粉是小麦制成的。Wheat can be made into flour. 小麦可制成面粉。Bottles are made of glass. 瓶子是用玻璃制成的。Glass can be made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子。make up为“构成，组成”，主语为构成一个整体的各个个体，宾语是一个集合体。此结构用于被动语态时，需加介词of，构成be made up of短语。例如：Ten doctors make up a visiting team. 十位医生组成了一支访问团。A car is made up of many different parts. 一辆汽车是由许多不同的零件组成的。Life is made up of both sweetness and sorrow. 生活中既有甘，又有苦。【即时体验】We must try to other peoples experience our own.end n. 末尾；终点；结束 v. 结束，终止 1. at the end of表示在的尽头、在的末稍时, 后面接指地点的名词, 构成介词短语, 作地点状语;表示在结束时, 后面接指事的名词, 构成介词短语, 作时间状语。 At the end of the street you will find the hospital. 你会在这条街的尽头找到那所医院。At the end of the meeting, Mr Wang made a speech. 会议结束时, 王先生作了发言。2. by the end of表示到末为止、在结束时, 后面接指时间或事的名词, 构成介词短语, 作时间状语。 By the end of the strike, the whole street will be turned into one big rubbish dump. 到罢工结束时, 整个街道将变成一个大垃圾堆。 3. before the end of表示在结束之前, 后面接指时间或事的名词, 构成介词短语, 作时间状语。 He said they would return before the end of this month. 他说他们将在这个月底以前回来。 4. in the end表示最后、终于, 是介词短语, 作状语。They gave up the plan in the end. 最终他们放弃了那项计划。ending n. 结局；结尾，最后 endless adj. 无止境的； 没完的 【即时体验】By the of last month, he had been on that ship for two years.mean (meant, meant) vt.意思, 意指mean当动词，后加不定式，表打算做 ：后加ing 表意味着当名词用.应为means （方法、手段）单复数同型 Are there any means of getting there?有什么方法可以到那里吗?当形容词用，意思是：小气的、卑鄙的 a mean motive.卑鄙的动机辨析： mean, intend, propose这组词都有“打算，有心做某事”之意。mean：“打算，想象，有.意图”，不如intend正式，强调心里想做的意思，但不强调决心。短语： mean.for 准备让.做.Everyone believed that it would be a very suitable match because John and Julia were obviously meant for each other. 每个人都认为他们的结合会很般配，因为约翰和朱利亚显然天生一对。He shouldnt have done it, of course, but he was thoughtless. And he meant to pay the money back. 当然，他本来不该那么做，但他考虑不周到，再说他是打算还钱的。propose：“打算，建议”，指宣布或明确确定某人的意图，含有公开宣称或清楚解释这一意图之意。可接名词，动名词，不定式及从句。While summarizing the years work, the managing director of the company proposed a greater project for the next year. 公司的总经理总结了一年的工作，提出了下半年度更大的工程计划。Generally speaking, whats reached in the end may be better or worse than what was proposed. 一般说来，最终所达到的效果总的要比计划的好或差。meaning n. 意思，含意 【即时体验】I to go running this morning, but I overslept.way n. 路，路线；方式，手段 shortest way? 哪条路是最好(正确、最快、最近)的路The longest / farthest way round / about is the nearest way home. 最远的路才是捷径。He made / pushed / fought / felt his way out. 他走(挤、冲、摸索着走)出去。(2)方法，手段 Whats the way of address- ing the Queen? 怎么称呼女王才得体? The way (that) you are doing it is wrong. 你这么做错了。短语：by the way 顺便说on ones way 在的路上on the way 在途中all the way 一直地ask the way 问道by way of 取道，经由have a long way to go 还要走很远的路，还要做很大的努力in a / one way 在某种程度上(in) ones own; way 按自己的方式in the way妨碍wayside adj. 路边的 【即时体验】They had no to communicate with her.achieve v. 完成，实现；获得；达到1. achieve一般只用作及物动词，其宾语可以是“实现”的目标、目的等，也可以是“取得”的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等：She achieved no success. 她有没获得成功。偶尔用作不及物动词 (表示“获得成功”或“如愿以偿”)，但很少见：He achieved because he worked hard. 他因为工作努力获得了成功。2. achieve有时与 this, that, what, all, much, anything, nothing, a little 等代词连用，表示“获得 (成功)”或“取得 (成就)”等：No one can achieve anything without effort. 谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。All this cannot be achieved overnight. 这一切不是朝夕之间可做到的。Ive achieved only half of what I hoped to do. 我只完成了我原想完成的一半。3. 因 achieve一般与令人愉快的事 (如：成功、成就等)连用，所以不要受汉语的影响滥用此词表示一般意义的“达到”：误：He will achieve the age of 25 next month. 误：The car achieved a speed of 150 mph. 辨析：achieve，get，acrossachieve 指经过努力而获得动力或达到某种目的。gain 指经过努力而奋斗而，获得某种利益，如处世经验。【即时体验】Everybody should be given the chance to their aims.average n. 平均；平均数 on average 按平均数计算get (got , got) vt. 成为；得到；具有；到达 1. 获得；得到2. 挣得；赢得get a living (谋生)3. 收获；捕获get a good crop (获得丰收)4. 收到；接到get a letter(收到来信); get a telephone call from a friend(接到朋友的电话)5. 收看到；收听到We can get 15 channels on TV. (我们可以收看到15个频道的电视节目。)6. 搞到；弄到Get me some paste.(帮我弄点浆糊来。)I rang up to see if I could get seats.(我打电话去问是否可以预订坐位。)7. 受；挨打；遭受到He got twenty years for murder.(他因杀人被判20年徒刑。)8. 感染(疾病)；(毒品等)使上瘾get a cold(感冒)；9. 计算出；得出Multiplying 3 by 2 we get 6. (2乘3得6。)10. 后接复合宾语使得；把弄得；使被弄得get everything ready!(把一切准备好！)get things moving(使事情开始进行)11. 劝说；说服get him to see a doctor(劝他去看医生)12. 到达When do we get to Beijing?(我们什么时候到北京？)13. 变得；成为get sick(生病)；get angry(发怒)14. 后接动词-ing形式开始They soon got talking together.(他们不久就一起谈了起来。15. 用作助动词，与过去分词连用构成被动语态They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。16. 赚钱He spends all his time getting and spending.他的时间都花在赚钱和花钱上了。短语：get across通过；把讲清楚get around=get round 回避，规避；说服，争取；花时间做get down 下来；咽下，吞下；写下；使沮丧；使抑郁；开始对待get into进入；陷入，染上get off下来；脱下；动身；开始；get over越过；克服；从(病)中恢复；把忘怀get through到达；办完；花光；(使)通过；捱过；打通电话；把向某人解释清楚get together聚集；积累；收集get up (使)起床；爬上；上马；辨析：get in, get on这两个短语均可表示“上车”。get in后接小轿车，出租车等小型车辆。由于其车身较低，只有进入的概念，没有上的概念。get on后接公交车，火车等大型车辆，以及飞机，自行车，摩托车，马匹等，指上车上马时要脚登上阶梯或踏脚等。表示“下车，下马”时，也相应地用get out of a car/taxi 及get off a bus/train/horse等。如： When the singer got out of the taxi, he was welcomed by a group of young people.当这位歌手走出车门时受到了一群年轻人的欢迎。 They are calling us to board the plane; lets get on. 他们在叫我们登机，我们走吧。get-together n. 聚会 【即时体验】They invited us to in the car and go to the amusement park.encourage vt. 鼓励 He encouraged me to try it again.3dE中国英语学习网他鼓励我再试一次。3dE中国英语学习网3dE中国英语学习网辨析：encourage sb. to do sth.和encourage sb. in doing sth.3dE中国英语学习网 前者指“鼓励某人去做某事”，后者指“鼓励某人正在做某事”。比较下面的句子：3dE中国英语学习网 He encouraged his brother to have a speech at the meeting.3dE中国英语学习网他鼓励弟弟在会议上发言。（还没有发言）3dE中国英语学习网 He encouraged his brother in having a speech at the meeting.3dE中国英语学习网他弟弟正在会议上发言，他很支持。（正在发言） 3dE中国英语学习网 encouragement n. 鼓励mention n. 提及；记载 vt. 提到，说起；提名表扬 (1) 提到；说到； 写到 On the telephone, he mentioned that he had been ill.在电话里，他说他病了。 I hope you didnt mention my name to her.我希望你没有向她提到我的名字。 (2) 说出名字 He mentioned a useful book. 他说出一本有用的书的名字。 The teacher mentioned a few valuable reference books. 老师提出了几种有价值的参考书。Dont mention it. 不要客气, 不用谢; 没关系, 不要紧; 哪里哪里(作客套语) 短语：1. not to mention (=without mentioning) 更不必说, 更谈不上 2. (not) worth mentioning (不)值得一提 3. at the mention of 在(听人)提到.时 4. make mention of 提到., 说到.【即时体验】Because the tree was in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.3dE中国英语学习网immediately adv. 立刻,刚,立即如：It is vitally important to cancel the order immediately. 最重要的是要立即取消这一定单. After I had finished eating, he proposed to set off immediately. 我吃完后，他建议立刻出发。拓展immediately conj. 立即； 即刻；一就如：I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息,马上就来了。immediate adj. 直接的；紧接着的；最接近的；立即的；即刻的如：immediate cause 直接原因 immediate family 至亲, 直系亲属 in the immediate future 在最近的将来take immediate action 采取紧急行动 immediate reply立即答复即时体验We called the FirstAid Center the traffic accident happened. A. immediatelyB. shortly C. quicklyD. hurriedlyneed n. 需要, 需求aux.& v.需要, 必须 1.need作为情态动词表示需要；必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。如：You neednt do it again.你不需要再做了。 (2)need作为实义动词时，通常用法是：人need to do; 如：Does he need to go？No，He doesnt. 他需要出去吗？不，他不需要。物need doing; 如：The garden doesnt need wateringit rained last night. 花园不用浇水了昨夜刚下过雨。物need to be done。如：Adog needs to be taken out for a walk every day. 狗得天天带出去遛。 另外，need后还可以直接跟名词。如：Do you need any help? 你需要帮忙吗？【即时体验】_ he do his homework first？over prep. 在上方, 越过, 遍及 adv. 翻倒, 遍布, 越过, 结束 prep. 在.上方；越过；遍及；在.时间内；adv. 在上；越过, 超过；结束; 完了；浑身; 全身; 全部; 整个; 在整个. ；all over the country/world 全国/全世界over and over again 反复不断地; 再三over there在那边(指较远处)go over复习show sb. over some place 领某人走遍某地(参观)反义词： under辨析：over, through, across： over指从一个物体的一边经上方到另一边的越过。through 指（在空间）通过一物体或洞穴的穿过 、“通过”.。across指在同一范围内从一边到另一边的横过, 指平面穿过.。 over above, on： above 表示 “在.之上” , 指斜上方, 其反义词为below; over表示 “在.正上方, 垂直于.之上”, 可以有面与面的接触, 也可以有一定的距离. 其反义词为under。on表示“ 在.的面上”, 强调有接触。overcoat n. 大衣 overhead adj.在头顶上;架空的 overlook v. 忽略, 不予理会overweight adj. 太胖的, 超重的break v.(broke, broken) 打碎；打破 1.打破, 打断, 使碎裂 break the window / break ones leg (摔断腿)2.损坏, 弄坏 break the instrument3.破坏, 违反, break an agreement / break the law4.使(突然)中止, 打断 break ones journey 5.打破(纪录) break the recordvi.1.破碎, 折断 The vase has broken to pieces.2.争吵, 决裂 break from ( with) the old traditional ideas3.(嗓音, 天气)突变 After an hour of heavy rain the storm broke.4.(黎明, 风暴)开始 Day broke.5.(云雾)消散, 停止 The mist(雾)was breaking.6.(身体, 精神)垮了 His health broke.n.1.破裂, 破裂处2决裂, 绝交 a break between the two countries3.破晓 at (the) break of day4.休息(时间), 间歇 have a break 5.中止, 中断, 停顿 a break in the conversation短语：1. break away(from) 逃脱, 摆脱 break away from the guard 与断绝来往, 脱离 改掉, 破除 break away from the old habit2. break down (机器等)坏The car I was in broke down. (身体)垮了, (计划) 失败, (精神)支持不往 His health broke down. /The plan has broken down. 中断 The conversation broke down at this point. 压倒, 破除 break down fetishes(迷信)3. break forth 迸发, 突然 A shout of joy broke forth.4. break in 强行进入, 打进来 Thieves broke in during the night. 插话, 插嘴, 打岔Dont break in while others are speaking.5. break into 强行进入, 打进 break into the palace 突然开始 break into cheers6. break off 突然停止 They broke off their conversation.He broke off in the middle of a sentence.中断, 断绝, 绝交 break off the talk 中断会谈 break off with ones old friends 与老朋友绝交7. break ones heart 使心碎8.