陈琦 戈弋 GRE 长难句300例unit 19.doc

1. The “deindustrialization” thesis of Bluestone and Harrison assert that the replacement of domestic manufacturing with foreign manufacturing begun by Unite States corporations in the late 1960s resulted in a “hollowing out” of American industry, whereby workers displaced from manufacturing jobs through massive plant closings found themselves more or less permanently into lower-paying, less secure jobs or found themselves more or less permanently into unemployment.Bluestone 和Harrison的“去工业化”理论认为，美国企业从20世纪60年代末开始用外国制造来代替本国产品导致了美国工业被“挖空”，因此在工厂大规模关闭中失去了制造业工作的工人发现自己已经或多或少的永久进入到了低收入、低保障的工作中，或者失业。2. Pococks assertion that Jeffersons attacks on the commercial policies of the Federalists simply echo the language of the Tory opposition in England is at odds with the fact that Jefferson rejected the elitist implications of that groups notion of virtue and that Jefferson asserted the right of all to participate in commercial society.Pocock认为Jefferson对联邦党商业政策的抨击仅仅是效仿英格兰保守党的反对言论，但Pocock的论断与事实相互矛盾。事实上，Jefferson拒绝考虑保守党对美德的看法所产生的精英主义的影响，同时Jefferson认为所有人都拥有权力参与商业活动。3. Herbert Shaw argues that because scientists have underestimated the input of substantial amounts of energy from extraterrestrial impactors (asteroid and comet striking Earth), they have difficulty accounting for the difference between the quantity of energy that was produced from sources intrinsic to Earth and the quantity of energy that was involved in plate tectonics.Herbert Shaw 认为，由于科学家们低估了地外星体（撞击地球的小行星和彗星）撞击地球所输入的巨大能量，他们难以解释源自于地球内部的能量和与板块构造相关的能量之间数量上的差异。4. Critiquing the movements that lawyers can offer special insights into literature that deals with legal matters, Prosner points out that writers of literature use the law loosely to convey a particular idea or writers use the law as a metaphor for the workings of the society envisioned in their fiction,对于这场运动的假定即律师可以对涉及法律事务的 文学作品提供独特的见解Prosner 指出，文学作家只是宽泛的利用法律来喻指小说所所造出来的社会运作过程。5. One such novel idea is that of interesting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants natural constitution: specifically, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, there is the intensified research on legumes.一个新颖的观点是在植物的染色体中注入原本不属于这些植物的基因：具体来说，这个观点是指如果某些基因能让豆科植物成为固氮细菌的宿主，并且他们能够被借鉴和分离，便将这些基因注入非豆科植物之中。因此对豆科植物的研究不断增多。6. Some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids pathways.但是，基于对地幔捕虏岩的观察，一些地质学家认为地幔并不是分层排列的，这种非均一性是由那种富含“各种不相容成分”的流质造成的：这些成分更像是液体而不是固体，它们自下而上不断渗透到上层地幔，由于流体流向无规则，它们也随机改变了上层地幔的构成。7. It is possible to make specific complementary DNAs (cDNAs) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making hormones, the cell will contain these mRNAs. If the products that the brain cells make resemble the hormones but the products are not identical to them, then the cDNAs should still blind to these mRNAs, but the cDNAs should not blind as tightly as they would to mRNAs for the true hormones.我们有可能制造出某种cDNA作为一个寻找肽类激素mRNAs的分子探测器。如果脑细胞正在产生激素，那么这些细胞将会包含这些mRNAs。如果脑细胞产生的仅仅是类激素，而非真的激素，cDNAs依然会与这些mRNAs绑定在一起，但是不会像与真的激素绑定的一样紧。8. The increase in the number of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and it did with high marriage rates that shrink the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, that the only women employers would hire.20世纪越来越多的已婚女性除了负责家务外，还在家庭之外负责另一份工作。这个群体的增加与机器分担家务劳动、女性拥有更多闲暇时间没有太大关系。这个群体的增加主要是与女性希望获得更多的物质财富有关，也与高结婚率所导致的单身女性的劳动力数量下降有关。在此之前，雇主在大部分情况下只顾用单身女性。9. The Analytical Reviews rather arch dismissal of novels by women has too often been reflected in the literary histories of English fiction, where it has been popular to view the rise of the novel as the exclusive history of “the five greats” (Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, and Sterne) and it has been popular to ignore or at best to minimize the contributions of eighteenth-century women novelists.分析评论对于女性小说的傲慢性忽略经常在英国小说的文学历史中有所反应，在这一历史中，将女性小说的崛起视作是排除在“五杰”（Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Smollett, 和Sterne）历史之外的，并且直接忽略或者最多将18世纪女性小说的贡献缩到最小，这种做法是很受欢迎的。10. They were fighting, albeit they were discreetly fighting, to open the intellectual world to the new science and they were fighting to liberate intellectual life form ecclesiastical philosophy and they envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not growth of philosophy, but growth of research in mathematics and physics.虽然他们非常谨慎，但还是在奋力争取，希望能让学术界接纳一门新科学，并且让知识分子的生活从宗教哲学中解放出来，让知识分子不仅仅将自己的研究视作为哲学知识的增长做贡献，更应将自己的研究看成是为数学和物理研究做贡献。11. Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means of distort truth and a source of misguided action) to the status of being wholly condemned.修辞技法或许能够愉悦大众，并鼓舞大众采取正确的行动，但修辞技法也有可能扭曲真相，误导大众采取错误的行动。所以在这个观点的影响下，修辞技法原先那种还存有待商榷的价值的地位不可避免的会变成的一文不值，人人得而诛之。12. The resurgence of multiple ethnic groups within a single state, Hill says, is not “potentially threatening to the sovereign jurisdiction of the state,” as Urban and Sherzer suggest; rather, the assertion of cultural differences threatens to reveal ethnocentric beliefs and practices upon which conquest states were historically founded and thus the assertion of cultural differences threatens to open up the possibility for a “nations-state” in which conquered ethnic groups enjoy equal rights with the conquering ethnic groups but conquered ethnic groups do not face the threat of persecution or cultural assimilation into the dominant ethnic group.Hill说，在一个国家内部的多民族复兴并不会如Urban 和 Sherzer提到的那样“对于国家的主权管辖形成潜在的威胁”。相反，文化差异性的观点却有可能揭露出种族中心主义的信仰和行为，历史上一些国家正是建立在这些信仰和行为之上的。因此这种观点还展示了“单一民族的独立国家”的可能性，在这种国家中，被侵略的民族可以和侵略者享有同等的权利而又不会面临受迫害或者被主导民族的文化所同化的威胁。13. Because the increased awareness of civil rights in theses decades helped reinforce the believe that life on reservations prevented Native Americans from exercising the rights guaranteed to citizens under the United States Constitution, the readjustment movement advocated the end of the federal governments involvement in Native American affairs and the readjustment movement encouraged the assimilation of Native Americans as individuals into mainstream society.这几十年来民权意识的不断觉醒有利于强化这样一种观念，即：保护区里面的生活妨碍了美国土著人民形式美国宪法所赋予的公民权利。因此，再调整运动（readjustment movement）号召联邦政府不再干涉美国土著人民的内部事务，同时鼓励美国土著人民融入主流社会。14. The peoples liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but the peoples liberty consists merely in the faculty that they have acquired of