2016年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题04 形容词和副词.doc

【高频考点解读】往年考查的重点是形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法。近三年来考点开始涉及多个形容词作前置定语的排列顺序、形容词及形容词短语作状语，形容词和副词的词义比较和具体运用。要复习好这一块的知识，考生不仅要弄清其词形、词义、功能等基础知识，还要掌握同义词辨析和一词多义等重点知识。【热点题型】题型一 倍数表达法例1、This restaurant wasnt _that other restaurant we went to. Ahalf as good asBas half good as Cas good as half Dgood as half as 【易错剖析】本题容易误选C。关键原因在于倍数的位置没弄清楚，受汉语影响太重。 【提分秘籍】 1倍数表达法的常见结构 A is倍数比较级thanB A is倍数as原级asB A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB A is倍数thatofB A is倍数what引导的名词性从句 The money he earns is three times that of hers. He earns twice more than her. He earns three times as much as her. He earns three times what she earns. 他的收入是她的三倍。 2如果有名词，表示倍数时可用以下两种结构： (1)倍数more名词than (2)倍数as many/much名词其他as Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. 美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。Smoking is harmful to peoples health，killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟对人的健康有害，每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。 Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. 十年前我们村庄的人口是他们村庄人口的两倍。 After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2011 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2011年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。【举一反三】 Whats the model plane look like? Well，the wings of the plane are _ of its body. Amore than the length twice Btwice more than the length Cmore than twice the length Dmore twice than the length 解析：选C。A is倍数the名词(size，length，height等)ofB；两倍多是more than twice而不是twice more than。 题型二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级例2、 According to some studies，EQ is _important，if not more important than IQ. Aso Bvery Ceven Das 【易错剖析】此题考生误选C的很多，原因是没有真正理解句子的结构及意义。 【提分秘籍】 1平级比较。 用as.as，not as/so.as，the same as，such.as引导。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 The work is not as difficult as you imagine. 这工作不是你想象的那么难。 2“the比较级.，the比较级.”表示“越，越”。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make. 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 3否定词比较级表最高级含义。 Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting? No.It couldnt have been worse. 你对他会议上说的满意吗？ 不，不能再差了。 4“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两者中较的那一个”。 Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机我喜欢容易携带、较小的那一个。 5a形容词比较级n.结构。 After two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease. 研究两年之后，我们对这种病有了更好的理解。 6常用来修饰比较级的词汇：rather，much，still，even，far，any(否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等；常用来修饰最高级的词汇：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means等。 【举一反三】 How did you find your trip to Baohulu Amusement Park? I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was _ than I expected. Aeven much interesting Bfar more interesting Cso far interesting Da lot much interesting 解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意：这次宝葫芦游乐园之旅你玩得开心吗？太棒了！比我预想的要好玩得多。多音节形容词interesting的比较级形式是在其前面加more，程度副词far应在more前面，故选B项。题型三 形容词作状语 例3、Having been out of touch with his parents for two years，Jones returned home，_. Asafe and sound Bsafely and sound Csafe and soundly Dsafely and soundly 【易错剖析】本题考生极易误选D，用副词作状语，没有掌握形容词也可作状语，说明句子的主语所处的状态，而副词作状语，是用来修饰动词的。 【提分秘籍】 形容词作状语表示原因、时间、伴随情况或结果，并不修饰动词，而是用来说明句子的主语所处的状态。大多与全句用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 1形容词(短语)置于句首常作原因状语 Helpless，we watched our home destroyed before our eyes. 我们束手无策，只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。 Modest and easy to approach，he soon put everyone completely at ease. 他是那样谦虚，平易近人，很快使大家放松下来。 2形容词(短语)置于句末常作伴随状语或方式状语 After the war，the soldiers returned home，safe and sound. 战争结束后，那些士兵平安回到了家。 Seeing the snake，all the frightened girls stood there，unable to speak. 看到那条蛇，所有的女孩站在那里，吓得说不出话来。 【举一反三】 There is plenty of food，water and sunshine，and our friends are living there，_. Awarm and comfortable Bwarmly and comfortably Cwarm and comfortably Dwarmly and comfortable 解析：选A。句意：那里有充足的食物、水和阳光，我们的朋友住在那里，无比温暖和舒适。形容词短语作状语，表示伴随。 题型四 形容词、副词词义辨析例4、Be _you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time. Areasonable Bconfident Ccreative Dgrateful 【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。A项reasonable表示“合理的；公平的”；B项confident表示“自信的”；C项creative表示“有创造力的；创造(性)的”;D项grateful表示“感激的”。由破折号后面的关键信息可知说话者对“finish all this work in so little time”很不满,要求讲道理。be reasonable为祈使语气，意为“要讲道理”。句意：要讲道理你不能期望我在如此短的时间里完成所有这些工作呀。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。原因在于后半句的意思理解反了，所以就选成了confident“自信的”。 【提分秘籍】 1effective，efficient effective侧重产生实际的效果、效力或具有取得预期效果的能力。 efficient侧重积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。指人时，强调能干，有能力。 Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment. 阿司匹林治疗方法简便，效果却非常显著。 They provided efficient heating equipment for people in the city. 他们为这个城市的人提供高效的供暖设备。2common，usual，normal，ordinary，regular common表示“普通的，随时会发生或随时可见的，共同的”，与rare“罕见的，珍稀的”相反；usual表示“customary”，即“惯常的，通常的，符合习惯的”；normal与norm(规范，标准)同源，意为“符合标准的，正常的，正规的”；ordinary与special(特殊的)相反，意为“普通的,一般的，不特殊的”；regular意为“有规律的，定期的，定时的”。如： Yesterday he got up earlier than usual，for it was not an ordinary day for him. 昨天他比平时起得早,因为昨天对他来说是个不寻常的日子。 Dont tell me about that！It is common sense. 不要对我讲那个！那都是常识。 What is the normal body temperature? 正常体温是多少？ Trains will run at regular intervals from 11 am.to 4 pm. 从上午11点到下午4点，火车运行的时间很规律。 3possible，probable，likely (1)意义上的区别： possible指客观上的可能性，但往往含有希望很小的意味； probable比possible可能性大，表示“很可能，大概”，指有实际依据或逻辑上的合情合理。 likely是从外表迹象进行判断，有可能发生某事。如： It is possible,though not probable,that he will come tomorrow. 他明天可能来，但也不一定准会来。 The probable cause of his failure was that he had been too tired. 他失败的原因很可能是他太累了。 He is very likely to give me a ring tonight. 今晚他很可能给我打电话。 (2)句型上的不同： It is possible/probable/likelythat从句 It is possible(for sb.)to do sth. Sb./Sth.be likely to do sth. 4especially，specially，particularly particularly独特地，特别地，侧重特点突出，与众不同。 specially专门地，特意地，针对目的，特地选择做某事。 especially特别是，尤其是,程度超常,鹤立鸡群,格外显眼。 The rising sun is especially beautiful to look at from this angle. 旭日从这个角度看起来特别美。 I made this specially for your birthday. 这是我特意为你生日而做的。 Maxim seems to be particularly fond of her. 马西姆似乎特别喜欢她。 5anyhow，somehow，somewhat anyhow意为“无论如何，以任何方式”，相当于“anyway”，“at any rate”。 somehow意为“以某种方式”(in some way or other)或“由于某种原因”。 somewhat意为“从某种意义讲”，“有几分”，相当于“in a way，”“rather”，试比较： It may rain，but I shall go out anyhow. 天将下雨，但不管怎样我也要出去。 We must find money for the rent somehow. 我们无论如何也要找到租金。 I am somewhat tired of this book. 我对这本书有点厌烦。 6具有两种形式的副词 英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后面加副词词缀ly构成。这两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异,有的甚至完全不同。 常见的这类副词有：firm稳固地，firmly坚固地；direct径直地，directly恰好、直接、坦率地；close近地，closely紧密地、接近地；dead极其地、完全地，deadly死一般地、非常；high高高地，highly高度地；late迟、晚，lately最近；near近，nearly几乎。如： He lives close to the village. 他住得离那个村庄很近。 We must look closely at the problems. 我们必须仔细地审视这些问题。 After a days hard work，he was dead tired. 辛勤工作一天后，他筋疲力尽。 The book is deadly dull. 这本书非常枯燥。 The birds are flying high.鸟儿正高飞。 He is a highly skilled worker. 他是一个非常熟练的工人。 【举一反三】 The university with two _ campuses has a student population of 50,000 in total. Aunique Bseparate Csingle Dalternative 题型五 其它考点例5、I_ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. Awont Bcant Ccan Dwill 【解析】选B。本题考查情态动词在常见句式中的应用。句意:非常感谢你在我们不在家期间对我儿子的所有帮助。根据信息词too可知用cant，can/could not.too/enough表示“无论怎样也不过分,无论怎么都不够”,表示强烈的肯定。如：You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.过马路时，你再怎么小心也不为过。I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。 【易错剖析】学生容易误选A，忽略了cannot与too或enough 连用表示“越就越好”这一固定句型。 【提分秘籍】1有些连词还可作副词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等。 You probably wont need to callbut take my number，just in case. 你很可能无需打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码吧，以防万一。 2副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面 。 Have you got accustomed to your new job? Well，yes.Its not as good as I expected，though. 你适应新工作了吗？ 是的，但是没有我预料中的好。 3cannot/never与enough或too连用，表示“无论怎样都不过分；越越好”。 I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down. 我正独自在街上骑车，突然一辆汽车开过来把我撞倒了。 You can never be too careful in the street. 在街上越小心越好。 4多个形容词作定语时的顺序： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。 颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。 诠释：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)数词(序数词、基数词)描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful.)特征形容词(大小、长短、高低形状年龄、新旧)颜色国籍、出处物质材料用途、类别中心名词。 The little wooden house looks as if it hasnt been lived in for years. 这个木制小房子看上去好像多年没人住过了。 【举一反三】 What parents say and do in daily life usually has a(n) _ influence on their child. Apractical Bavoidable Cbeneficial Dpermanent 解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意：父母在日常生活中的言行通常会给他们的孩子造成永久的影响。practical“实际的，实用的”；avoidable“可避免的”；beneficial“有利的”，均不符合句意。 【高考风向标】【2015浙江】14. Listening is thus an active, not a , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.A. considerate B. sensitive C. reliable D. passive【答案】D【2015四川】9.Little Tom sat watching the monkey dancing in front of him.A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze【答案】C【解析】本句考查形容词作状语。本句考查形容词作伴随状语，意为：小Tom坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞，很吃惊。主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。根据句意，本题选择C。【2015四川】7.Andy is content with the toy. It is he has ever got.A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best【答案】D【解析】考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，Andy对这个玩具很满意，故选择D，意为：这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。【2015福建】23.It was_of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.A. carelessB. considerateC. patientD. generous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B【2015江苏】31.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial【答案】A【解析】句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。【2015安徽】26.Im so _ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. A. specialB. superiorC. gratefulD. attractive【答案】C【解析】句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。A特殊的；B优秀的，比.好的；C感激的；D有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。【2015安徽】31.They gave money to the old peoples home either _ or through their companies. A. legallyB. sincerelyC. personallyD. deliberately【答案】C【2015湖北】27.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be_.A. accurate B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable 【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A项“精确的”；B项“守时的，准时的”；C项“有效率的”；D项“合理的”。故选D项。【2015湖北】28.I dont think what he said is _ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar【答案】C【解析】句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与平行”；C项“和相关”；D项“和相似”。be relevant to“和相关”。故选C项。1(2014江苏卷)I cant meet you on Sunday.Ill be_occupied.(also, just, nevertheless, otherwise)【答案】otherwise2(2014浙江卷)Joe is proud and_，never admitting he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.(strict, sympathetic, stubborn, sensitive)【答案】stubborn【解析】本题结合形容词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：乔既骄傲又_，从不承认他错了，而且总是找别人来承担责任。strict严格的；sympathetic有同情心的；stubborn固执的；sensitive敏感的。由后面的关键词never admitting he is wrong可知，乔很固执(stubborn)。3(2014浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others_.(blindly, unwillingly, closely, carefully)【答案】blindly【解析】本题结合副词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：教育的目的是教会年轻人自己思考，而不要_仿效别人。blindly盲目地；unwillingly不愿意地，不情愿地；closely密切地；carefully认真地，仔细地。由前面的关键信息think for themselves可知，空格处表示“不要盲目地(blindly)仿效别人”。4(2014福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)_way of reaching target customers.(temporary, complex, accurate, efficient)【答案】efficient【解析】本题考查语境选词。句意：随着网上购物变得越来越流行，网络被看作是一种吸引目标顾客的_的方法。temporary暂时的；complex复杂的；accurate准确的，精确的；efficient有效率的，效率高的。根据句中的关键词increasingly popular(越来越受欢迎)可知，网络是一种吸引目标顾客的有效的(efficient)方法。5(2014安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me_about my future and about what I can do here.(puzzled, sensitive, optimistic, embarrassed)【答案】optimistic【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据performance前的good可知应选optimistic，求职面试中表现好，自然就会对未来持“乐观、积极的”态度，而不是puzzled“困惑的”、sensitive“敏感的”或embarrassed“尴尬的”态度。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对我的未来以及我可以在这里做什么持乐观的态度。6(2014江西卷)Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldnt have found it _.(nowhere, however, otherwise, instead)【答案】otherwise【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：谢谢你给我们指明方向，否则我们不可能找到这栋房子。otherwise表示“否则”，符合语境。而nowhere“无处”，however“然而”，instead“取代”，均不符合句意。7(2014大纲全国卷)Raymonds parents wanted him to have_(good) possible education.【答案】the best【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：Raymond的父母想让他拥有可能的最好的教育。根据句意可知，此处应用“the形容词最高级”来表示三者或三者以上程度最高。8(2014湖北卷)What was so _(impress) about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.【答案】impressive9(2014湖北卷)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a _(tolerate) smile and let him go.【答案】tolerant【解析】本题考查形容词。句意：她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给他一个宽容的(tolerant)微笑，并让他走了。10(2014湖北卷)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _(sharp)，“Dont be so mean，” pointing a finger of warning at her.【答案】sharply【解析】本题考查副词。句意：萨布丽娜的话音刚落，艾伯特就很尖刻地(sharply)说：“别那么小气。”并冲她伸出一根手指表示警告。11(2013福建，31)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy _ priced bikes.Acompetitively BrecentlyCreasonably Daffordably【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A项“具竞争性地”；B项“最近”；C项“合理地，理性地，相当”；D项“不太昂贵地”。根据Those poor and needy teenagers(那些贫穷的青少年)可知，那个商店定价不太昂贵，故答案选D。12(2013安徽，33)Its said that the power plant is now_large as what it was.Atwice as Bas twiceCtwice much Dmuch twice【答案】A【解析】考查比较级倍数表达句型。句型为：倍数as形容词、副词原级as比较对象。故选A。13(2013湖北，29)Dont defend him any more.Its obvious that he_destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.Aaccidentally BcarelesslyCdeliberately Dclumsily【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：不要再坦护他了。他显然是故意破坏花园栅栏的，而且没有道歉。14(2013江西，24)What a terrible experience！_，youre safe nowthats the main thing.AAnyway BBesides COtherwise DTherefore【答案】A15(2013江西，26)There are a small number of people involved，possibly _ twenty.Aas few as Bas little asCas many as Das much as【答案】A【解析】考查比较级句型。句意表达人很少，少达20人。people为可数名词，故使用few来替代，故选A。16(2013辽宁，33)This is by far_movie that I have ever seen.Aan inspiring Ba much inspiringCthe most inspiring Dthe more inspiring【答案】C【解析】考查形容词比较等级。根据标志性词语by far及I have ever seen可知此处使用最高级。句意：这是迄今为止我所看过的最具激励性的电影。17(2013浙江，2)Mary worked here as a _ secretary and ended up getting a fulltime job with the company.Apessimistic Btemporary Cprevious Dcautious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项“悲观的”； B项“临时的”； C项“先前的”； D项“谨慎的”。根据语境词fulltime可知选B。18(2013浙江，18)If what your friend comes up with surprises you，dont reject it immediately._，imagine that it is true.AThus BBesides CRather DOtherwise【答案】C19(2013安徽，30)David is_animal fur, so he wont visit anyone who has cats or dogs in the house.Acurious about Ballergic toCsatisfied with Dfond of【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后句“他不愿意去看望任何家里养猫狗的人”可知他对动物皮毛过敏。故选B。20(2013安徽，31)If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed._，they will learn to take care of themselves.AOn the contrary BIn a wordCThat is to say DWhats more【答案】D【解析】考查副词短语。考查副词性短语。根据前后两句句意，可知后句为递进关系。故选D“而且”。【高考押题】 1. t is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _ another to play it well yourself.Aquite BveryCrather Dmuch答案：A。句意：喜欢听好的音乐是一回事，但是你能自己演奏好完全是另一回事。quite“完全，十分”；very“非常”；rather“相当”；much“很，非常”。quite another“完全另一回事”。2 Mr. Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a _ boss.Abetter BgoodCbest Dstill better答案：A。句意为：为史蒂文森先生工作非常好我实在不能找到一位比他更好的老板了。比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。3The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _，though slow.Ashaky BheavyCcasual Dsteady4An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always_.Apractical BavoidableCpermanent Dbeneficial答案：C。本题考查形容词辨析。句意：一个不愉快的童年或许会对一个人的性格产生不好的影响；但，那影响并不总是永远的。however一词表明前后的意义的对比；故排除A：实际的；D：有好处的，而选项B：不可避免的，与本语境不符；选项C：永恒的，永远的，符合句意。5The staterun company is required to make its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.Atransparent BreasonableCsecure Dformal6How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had _ one before.Aa pleasant Ba more pleasantCa most pleasant Dthe most pleasant答案：B。本题考查形容词的比较级。句意：你最近去四川感觉怎样？比以往都愉快。not与比较级在一起，有时可表示最高级的意思，即：最愉快的。7 In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are_.Aspecial BregionalCoptionalDoriginal答案：C。本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那所学校，英语是必修课，但是法语和俄语是选修课。special“特殊的，专门的”；regional“局部的”；optional“选择的”；original “原始的，最初的”。由句意可知C项正确。8The young man couldnt afford a new car._， he bought a used one.ABesides BOtherwiseCInstead DStill答案：C。本题考查副词词义辨析。besides “另外；除之外”；otherwise “否则；要不然”；instead “代替；反而”；still“仍然；还”。由couldnt afford a new car 及bought a used one可知C项符合句意及结构。句意：那个年轻人买不起一辆新车而是买了一辆二手车。9My schedule is very _ right now, but Ill try to fit you in.Atight BshortCregular Dflexible答案：A。考查形容词辨析。句意：我现在日