2013年职称英语考试精选模拟试题概括大意.doc

2013年职称英语考试精选模拟试题：概括大意A Star Is Born1 The VLT(Very Large Telescope)is the worlds largest telescope(望远镜)and is taking astronomers(72文学家)further back to the Big Bang than they ever thought possible.Located 2,600 metres up io the Chilean Andes，it has four huge mirrors，each about the size of a London bus.The VLT is SO powerful it Can spot a burning match 10.000 kilometres away.2 This astonishing power will allow astronomers to see events in space from the birth of stars to the collision(碰撞)of galaxies(星系)on the edge of the cosmos(宇宙).The VLT is giving astronomers their best-ever view of the cosmos.The power of the VLT to see the smallest detail at the furthest distances makes its designers amazed.3 Take the case of Eta Carinae，one of the most explosive stars in the universe.This star produces ultraviolet laser rays(紫外线)and it will destroy itself in a few million yearstime.It is five times brighter than the sun and when it explodes it is going to be a sight worth waiting for 14 But it is at distances of millions，even billions，of light years that the VLT really shows its power.The VLT can detect light that set out on its journey before the earth even existed.This gives astronomers their firstever detailed views of events that took place in the earliest days of the cosmos.5 In other words.the VLT is a kind of a time machine.It takes astronomers back to a time when complete galaxies crashed into each other.The effects of these past collisions Can now be seen by scientists，and astronomers believe the telescope will reveal more about these exciting events in the years to come.One day, we might be able to say we have traveled back to the beginning of time，and we will have a much clearer picture of how our planet was born.23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_A Enents That Took place Before the Earth ExistdB Power of the Telescope C Details of Eta CarinaeD Invention of a Time Machine E Biggest Telescope27 The VLT will allow scientists to see events_28 The designers of the VlT are surprised at_29 Eta Carinae is taken_30 Scientists believe the VLT will tell us more about_A its detecting power B millions of light years away in spaceC the location of the VLT D as an exampleE the birth of the earth F the rotation of the earth答案解析：23 E 文章第一段主要介绍的是世界上最大的望远镜的大小，故E为正确答案。24 B 文章第二段主要介绍了LTV的功能有多大，故B为正确答案。25 C 文章第三段介绍了Eta Carinae的情况，故c为正确答案。26 A 文章第四段的主要意思体现在最后一句话里，选项A体现了这句话的意思，故为正确答案。27 B 文章第二段最后一句提到了这句话的意思。28 A 文章第二段最后一句也概括提到了这句话的意思。29 D 文章第三段谈到Eta Carmae的时候是把它作为一个例子来讲的，故D为答案。30 E 文章最后一段最后一句提到了这句话的意思。Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly.In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create WTO identical calves(牛犊)using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world.2 Seeds announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative.In Europe，nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban au human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anticloning laws by the end of the year”3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轰炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons.Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next.5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans.It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti-cloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro-cloners (赞成克隆的人).23 Paragraph l _24 Paragraph 2_25 Paragraph 3_26 Paragraph 4_A Strong ReactionsB Anxiety about the Future of CloningC The Right to ChooseD What is Cloning?E Arguments in Favor of CloningF A Common Sight27 Richard Seed claimed to be able to clone_28 Richard Seeds announcement received_29 The United States will introduce_30 Within ten years scientists will probably have_A the nucleus of a cellB cloned human beingsC a human being in two yearsD a law to ban human cloningE a report on human cloningF heavy media coverage答案解析：23 D 文章第一段主要讲的是什么是克隆?即克隆的基本概念，故选D。24 A 文章第二段主要Seed的言论引起媒体激烈的反应，故选A。25 E 文章第三段主要讲一些科学家对克隆的正面反应，认为人们无法阻挡科技的进步。26 B 文章第四段主要谈公众对未来克隆技术的担心，故选B。27 c 文中提到Seed的言论，他认为未来两年内就会有克隆人出现，故选c。28 F 文章第二段谈到Seed的言论引起了激烈的反应，故选F。29 D 文章第二段最后一句提到美国通过了禁止克隆人的法律，故选D。30 B 文章最后一段提到未来5到10年内人们可能会找到克隆人的办法，即会有克隆人出现，故选B。English and English Community1 There is no doubt that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share a common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood (街坊)，a village，or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries，however，are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience(方便)，we may divide the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers 1earn English as a second language for the purpose of education，commerce，and so on.4 Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的)lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.23 Paragraph 124 Paragraph 225 Paragraph 326 Paragraph 4A Threat Posed by EnglishB Definition of a Speech CommunityC Benefits of Learning a Second LanguageD Advantages of Learning ChineseE Two Groups of the English Speech CommunityF A Widely Used Language27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of .28 The boundaries of a speech community may be different from .29 People who live in different places may belong to .30 Many people learn English as .A a second languageB the same languageC the same speech communityD any other languageE national boundariesF a part of ones heritage答案解析：23 F 文章第一段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，应用最广的就是英语了。24 B 文章第二段主要讲的是什么是“a speech community”，即“a speech community”的定义。25 E 文章第三段进而将“the English speech community”分为两组，即以英语为母语的人为一组和以英语为第二语言的人为一组。26 C 文章第四段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。27 D 从文章第一段可以得知，说汉语的人比说任何其他语言的人都要多。28 E 从文章第二段可以得知，“a speech community”的边界与一个国家的边界有可能不同。29 C 从文章第二段可以得知，居住在不同地区的人们却有可能同属一个“speech community”。30 A 从文章第二段可以推断，许多人将英语作为第二语言来学。Ford1 Fords great strength was the manufacturing process-not invention. Long before he started a car company，he was a worker，known for picking up pieces of metal and wire and turning men into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was by no means the first popular automobile，the Model T showed the world just how creative Ford was at combining technology and market.2 The companys assembly line alone threw Americas Industrial Revolution into overdrive (高速运转).Instead of having workers put together the entire car ,Fords friends，who were great toolmakers from Scotland，organized teams that added parts to each Model T as it moved down a line.By the time Fords Highland Park plant was humming(嗡嗡作响)along in 1914. the worlds first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5.a.day minimum wage scheme.the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto industry then was $2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that，he also took an hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much for doing something that didnt involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street Journal called the plan“an economic crime”，and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10，it proved a Critical component of Fords dream to make the automobile accessible(可及的)to a11. The critics were too stupid to understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car, the higher wages didnt matter-except for making it possible for more people to buy Cars.23 Paragraph 1 _ .24 Paragraph 2 _ .25 Paragraph 3 _ .26 Paragraph4 _ .A Fords FollowersB The Assesmbly LineC Fords Great DremD The Establishment of the CompanyE Fords Biggest ContributionF Fords Great Talent27 The assembly line made it possible to _ .28 Ford was the first to adopt _ .29 Higher wages enabled many people to _ .30 Fords higherwage and lowercost strategy was strongly _ .A criticized by the mediaB the low wage in the auto industryC own a carD produce cars in large numbersE the-8-hour-shift practiceF combined technology and market答案解析：23 F 文章第一段主要讲的是Ford的强项所在。24 B 文章第二段主要介绍公司的流水线。25 E 文章第三段主要讲的是Ford的最大贡献，即采用每天5美元最低工资制。26 C 文章第四段主要讲的是Ford的梦想，即使汽车普及到干家万户。27 D 从文章的第二段可以得知，流水线的采用使得每辆汽车的生产速度大大提高，从而导致汽车的大批量生产。28 E 从文章的第三段可以得知，当时汽车业采用的是每天九小时工作制，而Ford将其缩减成八小时。29 C 从文章的第四段可以得导知，高工资使得更多的人有能力购买汽车。30 A 从文章的第三段可以得知，Ford采用的高工资、低成本策略在当时受到了媒体的批评。Even Intelligent People Can Fail（无题目）1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is howoften they failed.Turn oil a light，take a photograph，watch TV,search the web，jet across thePacific Ocean.talk on a cellphone(手机).The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze(错综复杂)of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edisons success in heating n thin line to white，hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey，US.He did that on October 22.1879.and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight(点亮着的)in an airless space for 45 hours.Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan，even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on，on September 4，1882.3 “Many of 1ifeS failures”the supreme innovator said.“are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up”Before that magical moment in October 1879.Edison had worked out no fewer than 3.000 theories about electric light.But in only two cases did his experiments work.4 N0 one likes failure，but the smart innovators learn from it.Mark Gumz.the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc.attributes some of the companyS successes in technology to understanding failure.His popular phrase is：“You only fail when you quit”5 0ver two centuries,the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing.Walt Disney,the founder of Disneyland，was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop.Pioneering Car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T Car.6 Failure is harder to bear in todays open,accelerated world.Hardly any innovation works the first time But an impatient society and the media want instant success When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time，a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records (Geffens company)and the Titanic(the ship that went down) was that the Titanic had better music.Actually，it wasnt.After four years of 10sses.Geffen had so many hits(成功的作品)he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.答案解析：23 C 本文的标题是：即使是聪明人也会失败。第二和第三段都跟Edison直接相关。第二段描述的是他的发明创造。24 D 本段是。Edison对失败的看法。第一句话的意思是：生活中的许多失败是半途而废，这些人不知道其实他们放弃时离成功已经是近在咫尺了。25 A 本段的第一句话是这么说的：没有人喜欢失败，但是聪明的发明家会从中吸取教训。注意：一个段落的第一句话常常是主题句。26 B 本段的第一句话是这么说的：两个世纪来，发明家表现出的一个共同品质是弃而不舍。27 D 本题是根据第三段的第一句话设计的。quit和give up口都有“放弃”的意思。He has given up smoking.他戒烟了。He has quitted smoking他戒烟了。28 C 本题是根据第五段的最后一句话设计的。该句说到了Henry Ford本生涯并不成功。29 B 第五段也说到了Walt Disney，他曾经都付不起只需1.5美元的修鞋的钱。本题就是根据Walt Disney,，当时的情况设计的。30 E 该题问的是：媒体要求什么?最后一段的第三句是这么说的：但是，一个没有耐心的社会和媒体希望即时成功。因此E是合适的选项。Earth Angels1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts(烟头)were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms，South Carolina.When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate，she decided to take action.Joying launched a“No Butts on the Beach” campaign.She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches dean.With the help of others.Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice.cream buckets.The buckets were filled with sand。and placed at a11 public-access areas of the beach.The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach.Two years later。Joying says the buckets are fun and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris(残片).2 People who 1ive in or visit Steamboat Springs，Colorado.have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife.Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River.The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High Schoo1.Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife.Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there.They also made decisions about.among other things。Where fences and parking areas should be built.3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil.It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria。Texas.They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areas.where people live off the water on their 1and.The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue.Now.the“Dont Be Crude”program runs oil.collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil.4 Five years ago.11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream：for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water.His dream began in the first grade when he 1earned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water，and that as 1ittle as$70 could build a well.“We really take water for granted，”says Ryan，of Kemptville，Ontario，in Canada.“In other countries.you have to plan for it.”Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)，but with the help of others，he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars.His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation，which raises money for clean waterand health.related services for people in African countries and developing countries.23 Paragraph 1 _ . 24 Paragraph 2 _ .25 Paragraph 3 _ . 26 Paragraph 4 _ .A Provide Clean Water B Dig 0il WellsC Save Clean Water D Dont LitterE Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _ .28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to _ .29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _ .30 Ryan，with the help of others，is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _ .A make new materials B preserve wetland and animalsC have clean air D have clean waterE collect cigarette butte F collect despoiled oil答案解析：23 答案为D。本文的标题是“地球的天使”，主题是环保，介绍的是几个孩子如何以自弓的行动来从事环保事业。第一段主要介绍Joying Brescia这个8岁的孩子是怎样从妻环仔工作的。细节内容是，她发现很多人在海滩上丢烟头，便筹集钱买来很多塑料桶，放在海滩上，提醒人们把烟头扔进桶里。选项D(Dont Litter)的意思是不要乱扔垃圾，概括了这段的意思，作为第一段的小标题最合适，故选D。24 答寨为F。第二段主要讲一名叫Carter Dunham的孩子和他的伙伴如何保护一片湿地孕其里面的珍奇动物的事情。选项F的意思是“保护野生动物”，正好概括了这段的意思，所以选F。25 答案为E。第三段主要讲一个名叫Barbara Brow的女孩和她的朋友发现废弃的油污对土地污染严重，提醒人们不要随便丢弃油污。原文中的“Don”t Be Crude“就是这个意思，与选项E相同，故选E。26 答案为A。第四段主要介绍一名叫Ryan Hreljac的孩子通过打零工挣来的钱以及通过其他方式筹来的钱，成立的“水井基金”(Well Foundation)，帮助非洲人喝上干净的水。选项A(Provide Clean Water)的意思是“提供清洁的水”，与本段主题一致，故选A。27 答案为E。此旬问的是Joying把一些桶放在公共场所的目的是什么?结合第一段的意思，我们知道这些桶是用来收集烟蒂的，故选E。28 弩塞为B。此句问的是人们感谢Carter Dunham所做的什么努力?第二段谈到的是他为保护湿地和野生动物作出了自己的贡