泰兴市元竹初中英语考前辅导.doc

泰兴市元竹初中2015届中考英语考前辅导 2015.6.13一、考前做好三个准备：梳理好知识，整理好思路，调整好情绪。 1 思想上准备。做到心态平稳，既要看到中考的重要性和严肃性，力求得高分得满分； 又要视中考如平时月考一样，适度紧张而不过分，确保能发挥出最佳状态。 2 知识上准备。这种准备从中考复习就已开始。通过复习，基本做到知识考点全面、清晰、条理分明。各个考生应充分相信自己的知识储备，相信自己的应试能力，以清醒的思维状态冷静地投入到中考中去。 3物质上准备。备好必需文具两副，准考证随文具走。 二、中考题型解题技巧和注意点（一）单项选择题解题技巧。 做单项选择题可用“先打、最后再涂卡”的方法进行。对有疑问、答案把握不大的题目要做上记号，待全部做完后再仔细推敲，确定最终答案。 每一道单项选择题都是出题者绞尽脑汁设计出来的，有许多“圈套”或“陷阱”等着你。对付单项选择题最有效的方法是：（1）题目要看准确，看完全； （2）全面分析题干，冷静思考 选项； （3）找准题目的考点，反复比较。可用直选法、排除法、推理法、常识法 、反证法 （即：同归于尽法）解题。 单项选择常从以下方面进行考查： 1冠词：字母（单词）里以元音开头的，如表示一个（件、只）则用“an” an “f (l,m,n,s,x,a,e,i,o,r,h)” an hour an orange an honest boy ,a 110-meter-long river, an NBA player, an Ipad, an eight-year-old boy an eleven-metre-wide river, an unusual day , one-to-one without the help,a one-hour documendary, a European country, 字母（单词）中以辅音开头的，如表示一个（件）则用a “u”a second time (再/又一次) a third chance （又一次机会） a UFO,a useful book a university a one-eyed cat , ( have pity on, what a pity! have local colour, have fun, have progress , come first )用定冠时的情况：the capital of China, the sun/moon/earth, play the piano/violin/guitar, the weak/strong/aged/poor, the first to come, the longest river in China 不用定冠词的情况：play volleyball/basketball/football, have breakfast/lunch/supper, be in bed/hospital/school , on Teachers Day, on Childrens Day , We make him monitor. 2名词: the Green family=the Greens （注意谓语动词用复数）classthe elderly/young/old/rich/poor/police/audience two months/years 20 dollars （表示、数学运算、重量、金钱、距离、时间、数目等复数名 10 meters 词或短语做主语看作一整体，注意谓语动词用单数）1)Three fifths of the money is mine. 2)89% of the students are from cities.3)About two thirds of the earth is covered with water.4)A lot of work has been done by her since yesterday. 5)More than one person has been to Beijing.6)There are a number of sheep at the foot of the hill.主语为单数，且后面跟有with, together with, along with, besides, except, like,as well as等，谓语动词用单数e.g. The manager, along with his secretary, is going to the meeting room.The worker and writer and所连接的指的是同一个人或事物谓语动词用单数 The worker and the writer and连接的两个单数名词谓语动词用复数名词所有格：Jims two months (two-month) holiday someone elses who elses Tom and Jacks room each others others Toms and Jacks rooms Its 15 minutes walk. Spend a two-week holiday Its a 15-minute walk. Spend two weeks holiday Its 15 minutes on foot.in a few years (days months weeks) time常见的不可数名词：news, work, weather, air, advice, medicine, fun, food, bread, water, milk, coffee, paper(纸),progress 不可数名词无复数形式， 不好用不定冠词修饰。 修饰可数名词的词有： some, any, many , a number of , a lot of, lots of 修饰不可数名词的词有little, a little, much, enough, plenty of ,a great deal of, a bit of, a little, A. men; boys B. men; boy C. man; boy 3代词：注意人称代词的主、宾格、形、名词性物主代词以及不定代词。a) one the other(two three) some others anotherb) some little few a bit any a little a few a little bit, a bit of +n.something, nothing anything (可用于肯定句，作“任何东西/人”讲)somebody, nobody, anybody (注：形容词修饰不定代词位置后置，else修饰疑问代、副词，不定代词位置后置)(放中间) 4数词：a) 数词的读法 1, 000, 000, 000 billion million thousand一万 ten thousand 一亿 one hundred million 10亿 1 billion b)数词的表达法 概数hundreds of thousands of millions of many thousands of 确数 three million several hundred(s) of two thousand of the workers Two hundred students, two hundred of the studentsc) 分数的表达法：分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于1，分母的序数词加s，分数后跟名词，谓语动词依据名词形式而定。 d)two and a half days=two days and a halfe)年代的表示法。in the 1960s 读成 in the nineteen sixties f) in ones forties; on ones twentieth birthday5动词 a)同义词辨析 take look forhear hope bring find listen wish （肯、否） mustsee search sb. rise vi. talk have tolook search for sb. raise vt. sayarrive in/atsteal sth. from search+place+for sb./sth. speak reachrob sb. of sth. search the Internet tellget to search the information on the Internetused to do be made of /from return sometimes be used to doing be made inlend some times be used to do be made byborrow sometime be used for doing be made up of keep some time be used bybe used incare for spend offer to do ; offer sb. to do sth.; fer sb. sth.care about pay provide sb. with sth ; provide sth. for sb.look after taketake care of cost buy3. What do you call this bird in English?=How do you say this bird in English?b)动词短语 take in work out (on) put intake off look through tidy up break into cut out take away go through clean up break out cut downtake out of put through make up break down cut short take up use up(run out) cut in (on)s b.take in eat up cut off动介结构：get on it (off), look for, work on it, fall off,complain about, talk about,think aboutc)感官、使役动词 see make hear sb do (doing sth)letsb do sth wacth have 改为被动语态要加“to”notice help注意被动语态 要加tod)情态动词：注意may, must, should, must的否定答语，注意语境，表猜测用情态动词may, must, may be, must becant be need作行为动词用 need to do (否定句、疑问句中要用助动词) need doing=need to be doneMust I/we? 否定回答 No, you neednt/dont have to. Sb. neednt do区别can/be able toe)非延续性动词延续性动词borrow-keepbuy-have open-be opendie-be deadcome(go)-be inleave-be away(from)begin-be onjoin-be in (a member) begin(start) to do-doget up-be upmake friends-be friendscome back-be backfall asleep-be asleepcatch a cold-have a coldget to know-know get(receive) a letter from-have a letter frombecome interested in-be interested inwake- be awakeget married to (marry)-be married to6介词 a)注意in on at with的用法（注意时间、地点）b)比较 betweenon business inover(under) against/ for amongon holidayafter above(below) walk past/by by handthrough(desert, forest, door, tunnel,window) without past by accidentacross (bridge, street, road, river) with beyond by mistakeThe plane flew across the rainforest.c)含有一些介词的短语connectto/with jointocontactona visit toa key to an entrance to the way to a trip to a witness tocome up withcatch up with play against(with)by bike=on a bikein red in the treeon the treein the end at the end ofby the end oftowardsto the reason for the cause of 7反意问句a)注意陈述句中有hardly, never, few, little,seldom, nothing, none, neither, nobody,no等词,反意问句用肯定的形式。b)注意主语后面的s（is, has）c)I/We believe，I/We think，I/We suppose后面跟宾语从句，如是否定句，否定前移。反意问句，看宾语从句。d)unusual, unhappy, impossible, dislike, unfair等前缀的反义词，反意问句仍用否定。注：前否后肯反意问句的回答 Lets, shall we? 其余用will you?-Didnt he come to school yesterday? -_, though he didnt feel well.-Its nothing serious, _, doctor?-_, youd better stay in hospital and you need an operation at once.8同义词辨析 so lonely when pleased either such alone while pleasant too pleasure also as well 注意区别 close high wide hard deep straightclosely highly widely hardly deeply straight9.特殊疑问词a)对人口、电话号码，到哪一年，用特殊疑问词what(what placevisit)对人的职业用 What be sb. (What is he?)对人的相貌用 what look like (What does he look like?)对人的品质用 what look like (What does he look like?)或what be like (What is he like?)b)how soon(often, far away, long)10情景对话看清上下文，注意说话的环境、对象。11非谓语动词imagine sb doing sthdevoteto doing sth look forward to doing pay attention to doingbe used to doing cant stop/stop doingbe well worth doing be busy doingstop sb from doingkeep sb from doing prevent sb from doing(sb sth 带有被动的意味；用stop /prevent sb being done)keep on doingcarry on doing go on doingbe used for doingthank sb for doinghave fun( problems,trouble,difficulty)doing , have no time to do sth没时间做某事cant wait to do, make up ones mind to do, a)动名词feel like doing finish doing enjoy doing mind doing risk doing avoid doing practice doing miss doing suggesting doing imagine sb doing sth consider doingdevoteto doing sth look forward to doing pay attention to doingbe used to doing cant stop/stop doingbe well worth doing be busy doingstop sb from doingkeep sb from doing prevent sb from doing(sb sth 带有被动的意味；用stop /prevent sb being done)keep on doingcarry on doing go on doingbe used for doingthank sb for doinghave fun have no time to do sthproblems doing 没时间做某事difficultytroublea good time need doing=need to be done require doinggive up doing=drop doingspend(in) doing succeed in doing prefer doing to doing 注意区别：stop, forget, go on, remember, see(hear, watch),doing sth和to do sth 分词作定语，伴随状语b)动词的不定式decide to do, fail to do, would like to do, want to do try to do, manage to do, afford to do, offer to do, used to do, begin(start)to do, need to do sth, plan to do, prefer to do,imagine sb doing sthdevoteto doing sth look forward to doing pay attention to doingbe used to doing cant stop/stop doingbe well worth doing be busy doingstop sb from doingkeep sb from doing prevent sb from doing(sb sth 带有被动的意味；用stop /prevent sb being done)keep on doingcarry on doing go on doingbe used for doingthank sb for doinghave fun( problems,trouble,difficulty)doing , have no time to do sth没时间做某事 cant wait to do, make up ones mind to do, allow sb to do, encourage sb to do, expect sb to do sth, remind sb to do sth (remind sb of sth) ask(tell) sb to do, a pen to write with, the ice to skate on, the space to stand in, a place to go to, which cities to travel to if Im able to/ if Im told toIm glad to. Id love to (to不能省)注意下列句子：1. We should do what we can to protect the environment.2. He spent as much time as he can practising speaking English.3. Which activity do you enjoy to spend your holiday?4. What do you want me to pay attention to to learn English well?5. Which activity has he devoted most of his time to to enjoy himself?6. What way do you think of to prevent pollution?c)过去分词a book written by Luxun a little time left a borrowed booksee many dinosaurs discovered by you the book borrowed from the libraryfind road covered with snow a film directed by sb have sth done12形容词、副词a)asasnot so(as)as=lessthanb)形容词、副词比较级可以用even, much, a little, far等来修饰.c)两者之间比较用比较级，三者三者以上用最高级。Tom is the taller of the two boys.d)比较级的叠用 fatter and fatter more and more beautiful13掌握以下句型(1)find(think, feel, make)+it +形容词+to do sth(2) Its time for sth Its time to do sth Its time for sb to do sth(3) It is +形+ to do sth It is +形 for sb +to do sth It is +形+of sb to do sth（表示一个人品格属性的用介词of）(4)It takes sb some time to do sth(5)Its ones turn to do sth (6)Its (has been) +一段时间+since的从句=一段时间+has passed +since的从句(9) 祈使句+and(then)+简单句（着重鼓励） 祈使句+or+简单句（着重警告）(10)until notuntil unless(11)so (such)that(enoughto/tooto)(12) why not do what (how) about doing Shall I (we) do sth(13)the+比较级, the+比较级(14)so +倒装 neither/nor+倒装 so+主语+谓语 (15) Will you please do (not do)? Would you please do (not do)?(16)How do you like(last night)?=What do you think of? What do you like about?(17)Would like to do sth(18) He is the first person to walk in space.(19)疑问词+不定式 What to do with=how to deal with What to do=How to do it (21)find/make/keep+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词/分词/动词不定式）(23)have sth. done =get sth. done have sb. do sth. get sb. to do sth.have sth. to do (有事要做)(24)sound(taste, smell, feel, look)等感观动词,get/become/turn后面跟形容词做表语 stay happy/healthy/alive, keep fit, go wrong/missing/bad(25)数词+more+复数名词=another+数词+复数名词(26)Its said/ known/ reported +that+从句It seems +that+从句(27)Taking more (enough )exercise is important.(28)倒装句so, neither放句首。 If your son doesnt go, neither/nor will hers. They like beef, so they do and so do we. Here comes the bus!Here it is!Among the hills is a big garden.(29)be likely to doIts highly possible(30)one of the +adj.最高级+n.(pl.)(31)This is the +adj.最高级+n.+定语从句I have ever read/seen/heard(32)the first longest river,the second most useful invention15、宾语从句宾语从句主要考查三点： 1） 宾语从句用陈述语序 2） 宾语从句的时态与主句保持一致。宾语从句为客观事实时，用一般现在时 3） 引导词 陈述句用 that；一般疑问句用 if/whether；特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词。 16、被动语态 注意以下几点： 1） make, have, see, hear, watch 等使用动词和感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，改为 被动语态时要加 to。如： 误：He is often made stand in class 正：He is often made to stand in class. 2）有些动词像 look, seem, smell, sound, feel 等作连系动词用，后接形容词作表语，主动形式可表 被动意义，不用被动语态。如： 误：The fish is smelled nice. 正：The fish smells nice. 3）有些动词像 write, read, sell, wash, open 等，当强调动作执行情况时，有被动语态；当用作不 及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时，无被动语态。如： 误：The bike is sold well. 正：The bike sells well. 4）固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。如： 误：The children are taken good care. 正：The children are taken good care of. 17、注意定语从定关系代词的用法 that who which 注意8下课本第129的谚语（二）词汇运用题解题技巧 准确阅读全句，分析句子结构，确定空挡所担当的句子成分，依据构词规律及相关词的语法 特点，写出答案，做到句意通顺，语法正确。要根据句式关系，选用正确的词性词形。动词 要注意其谓语与非谓语形式。 谓语动词要根据句中时间状语或关键词注意其时态和语态， 非 谓语动词形式要根据句式搭配和惯用法正确填写。 名词注意单复数所有格。 形容词， 要注意， 副词等级和反义。1注意名词单、复数形式和所有格形式。mouse-mice true-truth confident-confidence silent-silence enter-entrance tomatoes potatoes heroes mangoes importantimportance different-difference disabled ability endangered decide-decision discuss-discussion describe-description choose-choice Chinese Japanese sheep deer spacecraft Englishmen Frenchmen firemen Germans humans walkmans foot-feet tooth-teeth boot-boots loaf-loaves leaf-leaves knife-knives half-halves wise-wisdom free-freedom greatgreatness fitfitness kindness grow-growth warm-warmth strong -strength long-length weigh-weight highheight invite-invitation present-presentation performperformanceperformer introduce-introduction donate-donation product-production pronouce-pronunciation instruction stomachs arrivearrival spread (n) burn (n) inventor operator visitor conductor survivesurvivor director actor feeling(s) building(s) greeting(s) meaning(s) warning(s) twin sisters apple trees sister cities able-ability（能力）movemovablemovement treattreatment achieveachievement agree-agreement activeactivity develop-development diedying death dead medicinemedical natural disaster nature reserve sun-sunny fogfoggy rainrainy stormstormy sportsporty pride-proud mix-mixture-mixed 注：表示人的名词来修饰名词用其复数的所有格的形式。mens shoes babies clothes womens skirtsGermans the girls 400 metres=the girls 400-meter race ask two days sick leave Jims two-month holiday=Jims two months holidayhave a sports meeting shoes e.g. His drawing is better than any of his classmates.2. 形容词、副词要注意它们的区别以及原级比较级和最高级的使用a) asas not so(as)as lessthan（用原级）b)形容词、副词的转换 politely widely safely true-truly （去e加ly） simple possible terrible comfortable gentle（去e加y） c)短语less developed countries feel (less) lonely the most/least expensived)例句Kate is a careful girl. She does her lesson carefully every day.John is the cleverer of the two boys.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.In which country is the weather most like Chinas?Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. the other cities in China any city in JiangsuKate is taller than any boy in her class.e)特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级ill manybad worse worst much more mostbadly little-less-leastfar farther farthestfurther furthest a most beautiful city 3数词则应考虑基数词、序数词，倍数和分数各种形式 one-first two-second three-third four-fourth fourteenth forty-fortiethnine-ninth nineteenth ninety-ninetieth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentiethhundreds of , many thousands of, several thousand years, two thirds of, most of, the rest of ; on the second half , in the thirtieth minute, in the twenty-first century, in the 2020s（二十一世纪二十年代）, on the fifteenth floor. a)序数词（第几课、几页、在哪一世纪，在第几层，第几个生日） b)倍数 twice, three times, once twice as big as c)分数 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母序数词加s。 4代词要注意主格、宾格、名、形物主代词，反身代词 a)teach sb a subject tell sb a story(代词一定用宾格) tell the truth tell sb. a joke tell sb. a funny story5动词要根据时态、语态人称和数的变化以及各种非谓语动词形式 a)This kind of book sells(play wash write ) well. feel soft/hard b) the boy has been told(tell) not to play with fire. c) most of及two thirds of主语时动词应取决于of后面的名词，the number ofthe population ofthe price of这三个短语后面谓语动词均用单数。this kind of this piece ofthis pair of后面的谓语动词也用单数。而a crowd of a group of a number of 后跟复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 注：Three months is quite a long time.Two years has passed since he came to China.1/4 of the population are workers.