Bus English√.docx

BUSINESS ENGLISH VOCABULARY1ADVERTISING1advertising agencyn. company specializing in producing and placing advertisements for clients2advertisementn. item of publicity for a product or service, in magazine, on TV, etc.3classified adsn.small advertisements in magazine or newspaper categorized by subject4double-page spreadn.advertisement printed across 2 pages in a magazine or newspaper5featuresn.special characteristics of a product, usually leading to certain benefits6U.S.P.abbr.Unique Selling Proposition; what makes a product different from others7couponn.part of a printed advertisement used for ordering goods, samples, etc.8circulationn.average number of copies of a magazine sold in a particular period9billboardn.signboard, usually outdoors, for advertising posters; hoarding10eye-catchern.something that especially attracts ones attention11commercialn.paid advertisement on radio or TV12prime timen.hours on radio and TV with largest audience, especially the evening hours13slotn.specific time in a broadcasting schedule, when a commercial may be shown14postern.large sheet of paper, usually illustrated, used as advertisement15promotev.to increase sales of a product by publicizing and advertising it16targetn.objective; what one is aiming at, e.g.,target audience17benefitn.advantage of a product or service, usually derived from its features2MARKETING1trademarkn.special symbol, design, word, etc., used to represent a product or firm2brandn.a particular make of product 3labeln.small piece of paper, metal, etc., on a product giving information about it4registeredadj.registered or officially recorded as a trademark5productn.something made to be sold; merchandise includes services6developv.to create a new product or improve an existing one7costv.to estimate the price of making a product8launchv.to introduce a new product, with publicity, etc.9imagen.the concept or perception of a firm or product held by the general public10sponsorn.firm supporting an organization in return for advertising space11end-usern.the person, customer, etc., who is the ultimate user of a product12consumern.the person who buys and uses a product or service 13market researchn.study of consumers needs & preferences, often for a particular product14distributionn.the delivering of products to end-users, including advertising, storing, etc.15mail ordern.the selling of goods by post16point of salen.the place where a product is actually sold to the public17public relationsn.creation and maintenance of a good public image3SALES1productn.something made and usually for sale 2retailv.to sell in small quantities (as in a shop to the public) 3in bulkn. in large quantity, usually at a lower price4wholesalev.to sell in bulk (as to a shop for resale to the public)5leadn.useful indication of a possible customer to be followed up6prospectn.a possible or probable customer; prospective customer7cold callv.to telephone a prospect without previous contact8customern.a person who buys goods or services from a shop or business9buyern.any person who buys anything; a person employed by a firm to buy10clientn.a person who buys services from a lawyer, architect or other professionals11discountn.a reduction in the price; a deduction usually expressed as a percentage (%)12guarantee/warrantyn.a promise that a product will be repaired or replaced, etc., if faulty 13closev.to finalize a deal or sale; to make a sale14dealn.a business transaction15servicen.work done usually in return for payment16follow upv.to continue to follow persistently; to maintain contact e.g.: after a lead17after-sales servicen.service that continues after a product has been sold e.g.: repairs, etc.4COMPANY STRUCTURE1agreementn.an arrangement between two or more people, countries, etc.; contract2partyn.the person or persons forming one side of an agreement3termsn.conditions or stipulations4hereinafteradv: in the following part (of this document, etc.)5heretoforeadv: up until now; until the present; before this6in behalf ofin the interests of, or for (person, etc.); on behalf of7whereasconj: it being the case that; in view of the fact that in introduction to contracts8stipulatev.to specify as an essential condition9warrantv.to give formal assurance; to guarantee10articlen.a particular statement or stipulation in a contract, etc.; clause11clausen.a particular statement or stipulation in a contract, etc.; article12fulfillv: to satisfy a condition; to complete the required task13arbitrationn.settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties 14conditionn.anything necessary before the performance of something else15null and voidinvalid; without legal force; not binding16force majeuren.superior, power; unforeseeable event excusing one party from fulfilling contract17appendixn.additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book, etc.5MEETINGS1conferencen.formal meeting for discussion, esp. a regular one held by an organization2videoconferencen.conference of people in different locations linked by satellite, TV, etc.3chairman/presidentn.the person who leads or presides at a meeting; chairperson; chair4absentadj.not here; not at the meeting; not present5apologiesn.item on agenda announcing people who are absent; apologies for absence6proxy voten.a vote cast by one person for or in place of another7agendan.a written program or schedule for a meeting8minutesn.a written record of everything said at a meeting9matters arisingn.item on agenda for discussion of what has happened as a result of last meeting10itemn.a separate point for discussion as listed on an agenda11consensusn.general agreement12unanimousadj.in complete agreement; united in opinion13show of handsn.raised hands to express an opinion in a vote14votev.to express opinion in a group by voice or hand, etc.15cast voten.a deciding vote (usually by the chairman) when the votes are otherwise equal16ballotn.a type of vote, usually in writing and usually secret17decisionn.a conclusion or resolution to do something6PRESENTATIONS1ambiencen. atmosphere of a place2audience rapportn.smooth relationship of presenter with audience3body languagen.non-verbal communication through facial expressions, body movements, etc.4voice modulationmodulating voice in speaking for effect5handoutn.anything (report, sample, etc.) handed or given to people at a presentation6whiteboardn.large, flat, white surface or board on which to write or draw with markers7flip chartn.a pad of large paper sheets on a stand for presenting information8illustrationn. a picture, drawing, or example to clarify or prove something9markern. a pen with a broad, felt tip for writing on whiteboards10microphonen.electrical instrument that one speaks into for amplification of the voice, etc.11overhead projectorn.device that projects an overhead image onto a screen12powerpointn. digitized presentation on a computer13pointern.device (rod or electric torch, etc.) for indicating things on a map, screen, etc.14screenn.large, flat, reflective white surface on which films, slides, etc., are projected15signalv.to help the audience understand where one is in a presentation16sliden.small (usually 35mm) photographic transparency17visual aidsn.things that one can look at in a presentation e.g.: films, maps, charts, etc.7EMPLOYMENT1employern.person or firm who employs people2personneln.the people who work for a firm3curriculum vitae/resumn.short account of ones education, career, etc.; CV;4interviewv.an oral examination of an applicant for a job56benefitsperkn. rights and prerogatives from employment other than salaryabbr.perquisite; something additional to regular salary e.g.: free meals; a car7maternity leaven.period of absence from work (primarily for a woman) when having a baby8bonusn.additional pay given to employee as incentive or reward9prospectsn.opportunity for success, promotion, etc.10recruitn.to look for and employ personnel11salaryn.a fixed, regular payment, usually monthly, made by employer to employee12staffn.the people who work for a firm or a particular department; employees13promotionn.advancement in rank or position14dismiss/firev.to remove or discharge from employment; to sack colloq.15noticen.advance warning of intention to resign16resignv.to give up a job17retirev.to leave employment, esp. because of age8 BANKING1branchn.local office or bureau of a bank2checkbookn.book containing detachable checks3checkn.written order to a bank to pay the stated sum from ones account4current accountn.bank a/c from which money may be drawn at any time; checking account5deposit accountn.bank a/c on which interest is paid; savings account6balancen. the difference between credits and debits in an account7statementn.a record of transactions in a bank account8creditn.money in a bank a/c; sum added to a bank a/c; money lent by a bank9credit cardn.(plastic) card from a bank authorizing the purchasing of goods on credit10debitn.a sum deducted from a bank account11interestn.money paid for the use of money lent12loann.money lent by a bank, etc., and repaid with interest13overdraftn.deficit in a bank account caused by withdrawing more money than is paid in14pay inv.to deposit or put money in to a bank account15payeen.person to whom money is paid16withdrawv. to take money out of a bank account 17standing ordern.an instruction to a bank to make regular payments9MONEY1banknoten: a piece of paper money; bill2legal tendern: currency that cannot legally be refused in payment of a debt3A.T.M.abbr.Automated Teller Machine; cash dispenser4cashn.coins or bank notes; actual money paid (not credit)5currencyn.the money in general use or circulation in any country6petty cashn.a cash fund for small, everyday expenses7coinn: a piece of metal money8soft currencyn.currency that will probably fall in value and is not readily accepted9hard currencyn.currency that is steady in value and is readily accepted10black marketn.illegal traffic in officially controlled commodities such as foreign currency11exchange raten.the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another12cashiern.person dealing with cash transactions in a bank, store, etc.13transactionn.a (usually commercial) exchange; a deal14foreign exchangen: the currency of other countries15investv.to put money for profit into business, land, etc.16speculatev.high risk buying of foreign currency, land, etc. for rapid gain17PINabbr. Personal Identification Number10FINANCIAL TERMS1corporationn. a group of people legally authorized to act as a single entity.2By-lawsn. rules made by a company or society to control the actions of its members3Certificate of incorporationn. a document attesting to the legal composition of a body4equityn. the value of a stock issued by a corporation5stocksn. capital of a corporation from subscription through shares6real estaten. property consisting of land and/or buildings7laborn. difficult work, often, physical; the social class that gets paid for manual efforts8dividendn. a sum paid by a company as earnings or profit to stockholders9bridge loann. a sum of money lent by a bank to cover an interval between two transactions10accounts payable/receivablen. money owed by a company to its creditors/debtors11checking accountn. a bank account that can be withdrawn with checks12mutual fundsn. a diversified investment program of shareholders professionally managed13prime raten. the lowest rate of interest money is commercially borrowed14income statementn. periodic summary of earnings15overheadadj. cost or expense incurred in running a business16Treasury Bondn. government bond issued by the US treasury17merchandise traden. goods and services bought and sold11CONTRACTS1agreementn.an arrangement between two or more people, countries, etc.2partyn.the person or persons forming one side of an agreement3termsn.conditions or stipulations4hereinafteradv: in the following part (of this document, etc.)5heretoforeadv: up until now; until the present; before this6in behalf ofin the interests of (person, etc.); for (person, etc.); on behalf of7whereasconj: it being the case that; in view of the fact that in introduction to contracts8stipulatev.to specify as an essential condition9warrantv.to give formal assurance; to guarantee10articlen.a particular statement or stipulation in a contract, etc.11clausen.a particular statement or stipulation in a contract, etc.12fulfillv: to satisfy a condition; to complete the required task13arbitrationn.settlement of a dispute by a person chosen by both parties14conditionn.anything necessary before the performance of something else15null and voidinvalid; without legal force; not binding16force majeuren.superior, power; unforeseeable event excusing one party from fulfilling contract17appendixn.additional or supplementary material at end of contract, book, etc.12LAW1attorneyn.a person appointed to act for or represent another;2lawyer/barristern.a person trained in law and who advises or represents others3casen.statement of the facts in a trial, esp. the argument of one side4briefn.instructions to a barrister;written statement of facts5contractn.a formal agreement, usually in writing, between two or more parties6suev.to start legal action against someone in a court of law7lawsuitn.a trial at court between two private parties8trialn.a formal examination of a case in a court of law 9court of lawn.the place where law cases are heard and decided10judgen.official with authority to hear and decide cases in a court of law 11juryn.a group of people chosen to hear the evidence of a case and give a decision12pleadv.to defend a law case; to declare oneself to be guilty or not guilty 13rmation presented to a court to prove or support a point in question14sum upv.to summarize & review the evidence of a case 15sentencen.decision of a court, esp. as to the punishment16verdictn.the formal decision or finding of a judge or jury17guiltyadj.responsible for wrong; culpable13INSURANCE1insurance brokern.agent who arranges insurance; middleman between insurer & policyholder2policyn.a contract of insurance e.g.: a product liability policy3actuaryn.a person who calculates risks for insurance companies4assessorn.a person who calculates the value of something e.g.: a building, car, etc.5comprehensiven.of an insurance policy all-inclusive; providing complete protection6premiumn.a payment, usually monthly, yearly etc., for an insurance policy7goods in perty, merchandise or any goods in the process of being transported8riskn.chance or possibility of injury, loss, etc.;person or thing causing risk9claimn.an application for payment under an insurance policy10consequential lossn.a loss that happens as a consequence of or as a result of another11employers liabilityn.liability or responsibility of a firm for damage caused to one of its employees12liabilityn.the state of being liable; anyt