初中定语从句讲练结合.doc

复习请判断下列句子的结构类型1.He is running. 2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. 3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions. 4.She seemed angry. 5.My father bought me a beautiful present. 6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？7.Will you tell us an exciting story？8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. 9. I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. 10.Can you push the window open？用五种基本句型翻译1. 比尔和吉姆每天都一起读书一起玩2. 这些玫瑰花看起来很美，闻起来也很香。3. 大部分的小孩都爱阅读故事4. 请给我们一些吃的东西5. 老师经常都要我们坐得端正One summer evening Newtonnju:tn（牛顿）sat quietly on a bench in the garden. An apple fell to the ground from a tree. He saw it and thought “Why did an apple fall?”He studied very hard. Later he found out the reason. One day Newton sat at his desk. He was studying very hard. His servant came into the room. He left an egg on his desk.There was a watch on the desk. Into the boiling water in the kettle Newton put the watch instead.基本句型一: _ + _ (主+谓) 基本句型二: _ +_ +_(主+系+表) 基本句型三: _ +_ +_(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四: _+_+_ +_ （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：_+_+_+_ 主谓宾宾补）定语从句学习定语是什么1. the little boy a blue pen two boys his boy a ball pen 2. 介词短语作定语 the boy in the classroom two boys of 93. 副词作定语 the boy there前置定语的排序： 形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：1 限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途练习：一所美国的著名大学一幅有趣的红色的法国小油画定语从句例句1： The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1. 先行词 man（即从句修饰的名词或代词）;2. 关系代词 who /that（修饰人）。例句2：This is the town where I was born.1. 先行词 town （即从句修饰的名词）；2. 关系副词 where （修饰地点，从句中状语）。1、 定语从句及相关概念定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary.概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词 关系词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。关系词关系词先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系代词that 人/物 主、宾、表 which 物 主、宾、表、定（偶） who 人 主、宾 whom人宾 whose 人/物 定关系副词when时间时间状语 where地点 地点状语why原因 原因状语关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的人称、数必须和先行词一致。 The woman is my mother. She is speaking at the meetingThe woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.1）要判断出先行词（2）要确定关系代词（即先行词）在从句中所担任的成分（3）要确定关系代词的人称和数 注：定语从句的时态不受主句的限制The woman who(that) spoken yesterday is my mother.3. 各关系代词的使用方法 1. 关系代词that, which引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语) 。which / that 作主语. (不能省)This is a dream. The dream will never come true. The dog has been found. The dog was lost. _This is the house. The house is for sale. _ The book is mine. The book is lying on the floor _which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）This is the card. Ive just received the card. _This is the mistake. I always make the mistake. _I still keep the letters . She wrote the letters to me. _I lost the pen . My father bought me the pen. _2. 关系代词who, that, whom引导的定语从句: 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用who, that (作主语或宾语) whom (作宾语)who / that 作主语. (不能省)This is the film star. The film star is very popular in China. _The boy is called Roy. The boy broke the window. _Do you know the man? The man spoke at the meeting yesterday._ The girl is my cousin. The girl is watering the flowers . _who / whom / that 作宾语：( 可省略)The man is a famous writer. He described the man just now. _The boy is my friend. I m looking for the boy. _The thief has been sent to prison. The police caught the thief last night.小结：that 既可指_，也可指_，作_，不能_；作_，可以省略。which指_，作_，不能_；作_，可以省略.who 指_，作_，不能_；作，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked.2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。Thats the only thing that I can do now.These are the very words that he used.4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.whose 作定语,表示所属关系The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a policeman._A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).A. who B. whose C. whos D. Which找出下列句子中的定语从句Its an invention which /that is used for keeping off the rain .Its a book that/which was written by Margaret Mitchell. Its the Wall that /which was built by Chinese people.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.I hate people _ talk much but do little.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.6. Is there a student _ father is a business man?7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things _ they couldnt remember.Say all _ you know.Is there anything _ I can do for you?4.This is the first play _ I have seen since I came here.5. This is the best novel _ I have read.6.Who is the girl _is standing under the tree?7. Which is the machine _ we used last Sunday.合并下列的句子1.He is the young writerHe wrote the book2.The foreign guest is MrGreenYou saw him at the school gate3.Ive received the bookFather sent it to me.4. Do you see the bridge?It was built last year 5.The bike was not good.You wanted to buy it This is the comrade _ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2. Whos the student _ the teacher is talking with?3. I like the present _ youve sent to me.4. The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.5. This is the most difficult job _ weve ever done.6. He has a book _ price is high.7 He lives in a house _ doors are made of wood.8 This is the writer _ books sell well.1、 元音 前元音： i: i e i: i: 音标特征: 前元音 舌位高 不圆唇 长元音 发音要诀: 舌前部抬得最高，牙齿近乎全合。舌尖抵下齿。 舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起,但比汉语普通话 “i”音稍低, 没有摩擦。 嘴唇向两旁伸开,成扁平行. 做微笑状,发 i: 长音。 注意:“:”是长音符号,长元音往往比它相应的短元音长两倍以上。 发音组合: e ee ea ie ei 代表单词: me he we even bee feel breeze deep free seat beat lead tea eat reason grief believe achieve receive conceive i 音标特征: 前元音 半高音 扁平唇 短元音 发音要诀: 舌前部比i:稍低,比e高，舌尖抵下齿,嘴唇扁平分开。 牙床也开得稍大一些比 i:稍宽,比 e 窄。 上下齿之间的距离大约可以容纳一个小指尖。 使下颚稍稍下垂,舌前部也随之稍稍下降,即可发出短促 i 音发音组合: i 代表单词: sit bit kick pick wish 音标对比: i: i seat sit beat bit sheep ship e 音标特征: 前元音 半高音 不圆唇 短元音 发音要诀: 舌尖抵下齿, 舌前部稍抬起, 舌后接近硬颚, 比 i: 低。 牙床也开得半开半合,比 i: 宽,整体做微笑状。 上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指尖。 发音组合: e ea a 代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net bread heaven marry any many 音标对比： i e sit set lift left did dead 音标特征: 前元音 低舌音 不圆唇 短元音 发音要诀: 舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平行 牙床开的最大。软颚升起, 唇自然开放 上下齿之间的距离大约相当于一个食指加中指。 发音组合: a 代表单词: cap map bad mad bank thank lamp 音标对比: e beg bag met mat 前元音小结： 英语中有四个前元音，即： i: i e 发前元音时必须注意： 1) 舌尖要抵住下齿。 2) 舌前部向硬颚部分抬起。 3) 双唇不要收圆，发 i: i e 时双唇平展，发 时口形要张大，扁唇。 4) 唇形舌位保持不变，否则就要发成双元音。 中元音：: 所谓中元音是指发音时要使用舌中部。 也就是说舌中部要向硬腭抬起，舌尖要抵住上齿，口