NAETI教育部三级笔译评分标准.doc

NAETI教育部三级笔译评分标准（英译汉）二十五剑指十月 2009-08-17 13:21:43 阅读223 评论1 字号：大中小 Part 1Translation from English into ChinesePassage 1Scientists Shed New Light On the Bodys Rhythms Have you ever suffered from jet-lag, the fatigue and depression that comes from long hours spent in a jet aircraft traveling一the world over many time zones ？Or like many people in northern European countries, have you ever suffered the dark depression of winter blues, the feelings of gloom that comes from facing the somber December and January winter days under dark ，cloudy skies? Maybe all you need is a little light一and merely on a small patch of your skin. In fact ，in experiments investigating tire effect of light in raising our spirits, American scientists have done all their research using light played o the back of the subjects knees. What could be a key to jet-lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin , which is known to regulate body rhythms. It is secreted as night falls and it can be used to help mover come jet-lag and some sleep disorders. The low level of melatonin we experience in winter when light is dull and daylight ham are shorter is said to be cause of that common feeling many people get in dull weather一winter depression. For years experts have experimented with treating jet-lag and seasonal affective disorder (winter depression) with light. They counsel victims to sit in font of fights simulating the suns natural wavelengths to restore melatonin . In 1996, Dime Bovine and colleagues at Harvard Medical School found even dim reading lamps worked in this way. Exposure to light sets off a complex response inside the bodies of animals and humans. A university team in New York said they had found that shining light on the skin could re-set the bodys internal clock. They chose the back of the knee because it was easy to reach and away from the eyes, which is where many scientists had believed circadian rhythm is determined.译文：科学对人体节交有断发现 你有没有息过时差综合症，即由于长时间坐喷气飞机环球飞行跨越过很多时区而感到疲倦和沮丧？你有没有像北欧国家的很多人一样患过冬季忧郁症即由于在阴郁的12月和1月老是看到冬日阴沉灰暗的天空而感到郁闷？也许一点点光就能解决你的问题而且只借要照射你皮肤上一小块地方。实际上，美国科学家已竭尽全力进行研究用光照射受试者的膝盖后部，试验光在提神方面的作用。 对付时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的东西可能是荷尔蒙褪黑激素。已知荷尔蒙褪异邀素能调节人体节奏。它于夜幕降临时分泌可用于帮助治疗时差综合症和睡眠紊乱。冬天光线昏暗、白昼时间短，人们褪黑激素分泌较少，据说这就是许多人在天气昏暗时普遭有这种感觉（即冬季忧郁）的原因。 许多年来，专家们一直在试验用光治疗时差综合症和季节性情绪失调（“冬季忧郁证”）。他们建议患者坐在模仿太阳光自然波长的灯光前，以恢复褪黑激素。1996年，哈佛大学医学院的戴安娜波文及其同事发现即使是昏暗的台灯也可以起到同样的作用。 动物和人接触光都会引起体内复杂的反应。纽约一个大学的研究小组说他们发现光照射在皮肤上会重新调整体内的生物钟。他们选择了胭窝做实验是因为那儿容易接触到而且远离眼睛，许多科学家认为那个部位决定着人体节奏的周期。Passage 2On Talking Silence is unnatural to man He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and them are few things of which he stands in more fear than of the absence of noise Even his conversation is in great measure a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a wax-work figure. The object of conversation is not, for the most part, to communicate ideas: it is to keep up the buzzing sound. There are, it must be admitted, different qualities of buzz: there is even a buzz that is as exasperating as the continuous ping of a mosquito. But at a dinner-party one would rather be a mosquito than a mute. Most buzzing, fortunately, is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the mind. He would be a foolish man, however ，who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who despise the weather as a conversational opening seem to me to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything newAt the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense length, they justly plume themselves on their success as conversationalists译文：闲话聊天 沉默有悖于人的天性。人一声啼哭宣告生命开始，却默然结束生命。人在一生中，总想竭力在世上弄出点声儿来。对他来说，没有比死气沉沉更可怕的事情了。甚至人之所以与他人交谈也大多是拼命想要避免那可怕的沉寂。把他介绍给一个人，如果他们在交谈时中断过几次，他便会觉得自己一无是处，是一个失败者，就连那白痴一样的话匣子也令他忌妒不己。他明知人类交谈99%的内容不过像一只苍蝇的嗡嗡声而已，偏又渴望着加入其中以证实自己并非一尊静止的蜡像。谈话的目的在大多数情况下不在于交流思想；而只是为了让那嗡嗡声不要停止。必须承认，那嗡嗡声的质量也有优劣之别：有的简直像蚊子在耳边闹个不休，令人忍无可忍。但在晚宴席上，人们宁愿做一只蚊子也不愿沉默寡言所幸者，多数嗡嗡声还挺悦耳更何况有一些还足以赏心呢。然而若有人要等到想起什么至理明言才加入邻座的嗡嗡中去，便是愚注至极。有些人对以天气作为谈话的开场白嗤之以鼻，在我看来，这些人连人类为何要交谈都一无所知。没有几个人与人聊天是为了汲取新知。人们席间喋喋不休，无什高论，宴后却自鸣得意，觉得自己很健谈。Part 2Translation from Chinese into EnglishPassage1父亲 我的父亲曾经为我苦了一生，把我养大。六十岁那一年，还到汉口去做生意。怕人家嫌他年老，只说五十几岁。“让我再帮儿子几年！”他只是这样说。后来屋子被火烧掉了，他还想再做生意，把屋子重造起来。他给我留下了许多造屋的材料，告诉我这样可以做什么那样可以做什么。 但是他终于没有看见屋子重新造起来就死了。他弥留的时候对我说，一切都满足了。但是我知道他倘能再活几年，我把屋子造起来，是他所心愿的。现在我自己已是几个孩子的父亲了。我觉得我的孩子使我受到极大的束鲜。 和前一辈做父亲的一比，我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜，我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老死的死了，但是他们才是真正活着到现在到将来。译文：Father Father went through untold hardships for me all his life. He brought me up. He went to Hankou to engage in trade the year when he was already sixty. And he tried to make out that he was still in his fifties lest people should consider him too old to be equal to his work. Let me toil a few more years for my sons sake!he said. It happened afterwards that the house was burned down. And he wanted to go back to his business in order to have the house rebuilt. Then he gave me a lot of building materials and told me what to do with them. Unfortunately he didnt live long enough to see the new house. He told me on his deathbed that he had nothing to feel sorry about. But I knew he would be much happier if he could live a few more years just to see the new house put up Now 1 myself am a father of several children. I think of my children as an encumbrance to me Compared with father and people of his time, the present generation, I think, have regrettably low vitality. We in our twenties or thirties prove interim to our elders in there sixties or seventies. Today they may be advanced m years or even no more ，but they will ，nevertheless ，live for ever and ever.Passage 2提倡“有灵魂的”知识经济 进入21世纪，发达国家所面临的共同问题，不是缺资金，而是缺人才；不是缺最新的资讯，而是缺最新的知识。 “知识”交成了一个国家是否进步的关键因素。把相关的知识有系统地运用到经济活动中，现在泛称为“知识经济”。唯有通过外在的教育与学习，浩瀚的资讯才可能变成系统的知识。 “知识”是个古老的生产因素，与土地与劳力一样；但因为现代知识成长迅速，突化巨大，又加以与经济、产业、科技、创新等结合，促成了“知识经济”的独领风骚。 当知识而非完全商业利润参与导航经济活动时，社会就容易出现“有灵魂的”知识经济。“灵魂”象征著良知与良心。“有灵魂的知识经济”是指除了追求利润之外，还要推动社区参与、社会公平与社会责任。译文：Welcome Knowledge Economy with a Soul Entering the 21st century, the developed countries are facing a common problem ：shortage of talent ，not funds ，and lack of latest knowledge ，not latest information. Knowledge has become a crucial factor in the progress of a country. The systematic application of relevant knowledge to economy my makes what we now generally call knowledge economy ，Only through education