八年级英语上册知识1.doc

八年级英语上册知识1【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意：1. some 和any+可数名/不可数名。some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing.but + V.(原形)除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+名词复数 “许多”2. seem + 形容词 看起来. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a coldIt seems + 从句 似乎. It seems that no one believe you.seem like . 好像，似乎. It seems like a good idea.3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达.”arrive at +小地点 （注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如： arrive here; get home）4. feel like sth 感觉像feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。6. because of +名/代/V-ingbecause+从句He cant take a walk because ofthe rain.I dont buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.7. enough +名词 足够的.形容词/副词+enoughUnit2 How often do youexercise?【重点语法】1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。2.“次数”的表达方法一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。常见的how疑问词：1）How soon 多久（以后）How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。2）how long “多久”How long did it take you toclean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。3）How many+名复How much+不可名“多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格）【重点短语】1. go to the movies 去看电影 2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板 6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯 8. take more exercise 做更多的运动 9. the same as 与什么相同 10. be different from 不同 11. once a month一月一次 12. twice a week一周两次 13. make a difference to 对.有影响/作用 14. most of the students=moststudents15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物 16. be good for 对.有益 17. be bad for 对.有害 18. come home from school放学回家 19. of course = certainly = sure 当然 20. get good grades 取得好成绩 21. keep/be in good health 保持健康 22. take a vacation 去度假 【词语辨析】1. maybe / may bemaybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”.The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.The woman may be ateacher.People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.There is little timeleft. I wont catch the first bus.Could you give me alittle milk?3. hard / hardlyhard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。The ground is too hard to dig.I can hardly understandthem.Its raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.4. As for homework, most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于；关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。As for the story，youer not believe it.关于那故事，你最好不要相信。5. That soundsinteresting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：It tastes good. 这味道好。The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。6. percent 名词，意为“百分之” 百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。50：fifty percent 百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7. not at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。The story isnt interesting atall. 那个故事一点也没有趣。8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。 9. take,spend, payIt takes sb. some time to do sth