关 键 词：

基于 PLC 交流 变频 调速 电梯 系统 设计

资源描述：

购买设计请充值后下载，，资源目录下的文件所见即所得，都可以点开预览，，资料完整，充值下载就能得到。。。【注】：dwg后缀为CAD图，doc,docx为WORD文档，有不明白之处，可咨询Q:414951605

内容简介：

河南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）中期河南科技学院本科毕业论文（设计）中期进展情况检查表进展情况检查表学生姓名柳丰班级机教 052 班指导教师郑艳玲论文（设计）题目基于 PLC 的交流变频调速电梯系统设计1.电梯变频调速控制的特点；2.电梯组成与工作原理；3.变频器的选择;4.可编程序控制器(PLC)的选择；5. PLC 控制系统设计。目前已完成任务是否符合任务书要求进度：基本符合1 变频器结构及参数设置；2.电梯 PLC 系统的基本结构图；3.PLC 控制程序的编写。尚需完成的任务能否按期完成论文（设计）：可以按时完成存在问题变频器的选择：变频器是变频调速电梯系统的核心设备，它的品质对系统的影响很大比如寿命长短的影响等，同时由于变频器的种类很多，选择起来有些困难。存在问题和解决办法拟采取的办法拟依据以下原则选择变频器类型：（1）根据电梯的负载特性选择变频器类型；（2）所选择的变频器与被控制电动机的参数匹配；（3）为降低电梯成本，首选通用变频器；（4）电梯的启动和停车都要平稳；（5）变频器带有防止失速功能和优良的转矩特性。指导教师签 字日期 年 月 日教学院长（系主任）意 见 签字： 年 月 日河南科技学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书河南科技学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书题目名称 基于 PLC 的交流变频调速电梯系统设计学生姓名柳丰所学专业机电技术教育学号20050314219指导教师姓名郑艳玲所学专业控制职称讲师完成期限 2008 年 12 月 16 日 至 2009 年 6 月 5 日一、论文（设计）主要内容及主要技术指标1.主要内容本文在已有的通用变频器的基础上，采用 PLC 对电梯进行控制，通过合理的选择和设计，提高电梯的控制水平，并改善电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。2.技术指标（1）变频调速电梯要明显改善电动机供电电源的质量，减少谐波，提高效率和功率因数，节能明显；（2）本文要以 7 层电梯为例进行设计；（3）具有报警和自动检测功能，以提高运行的安全性。二、毕业论文（设计）的基本要求1.毕业设计（论文）一份：有 200 字左右的中英文摘要，正文后有 15 篇左右的参考文献；2.有不少于 2000 汉字的与本课题有关的外文翻译资料；3.毕业设计总字数在 10000 字以上；4.程序清单。三、毕业论文（设计）进度安排1.2008 年 12 月 16 日-2008 年 12 月 21 日，下达毕业设计任务书；寒假期间完成英文资料翻译和开题报告。2. 2009 年 2 月 16-2 月 27 日（第 1-2 周） ，指导教师审核开题报告、设计方案和英文资料翻译。3. 2009 年 3 月 2 日-4 月 24 日（第 3-10 周） ，毕业设计单元部分设计。4. 2009 年 4 月 20 日-4 月 30 日（第 10-11 周） ，毕业设计中期检查。5. 2009 年 5 月 4 日-5 月 22 日（第 12-14 周） ，设计仿真、程序调试、线路板制作调试，整理、撰写毕业设计报告。6. 2009 年 5 月 25-6 月 5 日（第 15-16 周）上交毕业设计报告，指导教师、评阅教师审查评阅设计报告，毕业设计答辩资格审查。毕业设计答辩，学生修改整理设计报告。河南科技学院河南科技学院2009 届本科毕业论文（设计）届本科毕业论文（设计）论文题目：论文题目：基于基于 PLCPLC 的交流变频调速电梯系统设计的交流变频调速电梯系统设计 ElevatorElevator SystemSystem ofof PLCPLC ACAC VFVF SpeedSpeed ControlControl学生姓名：学生姓名： 柳丰柳丰 所在院系：所在院系： 机电学院机电学院所学专业：所学专业： 机电技术教育机电技术教育导师姓名：导师姓名： 郑艳玲郑艳玲完成时间：完成时间：2009 年年 5 月月 20 日日基于基于 PLCPLC 的交流变频调速电梯系统设计的交流变频调速电梯系统设计摘摘 要要电梯作为现代高层建筑的重要交通工具，与人们的生活紧密相关，随着人们对其要求的提高，电梯得到了快速发展，其拖动技术己经发展到了调频调压调速，其逻辑控制也由 PLC 代替原来的继电器控制。电梯采用了 PLC 控制，用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠性大大提高。控制系统结构简单，外部线路简化。另外可方便地增加或改变控制功能。也可进行故障自动检测与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。本次设计在己有的通用变频器的基础上，采用 PLC 对电梯进行控制，通过合理的选择和设计，提高了电梯的控制水平，并改善了电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。关键词关键词: PLC 控制，变频调速， 报警显示ElevatorElevator SystemSystem ofof PLCPLC ACAC VFVF SpeedSpeed ControlControlAbstractAbstractElevator as an important traffic in skyscraper，it has developed quickly with the improving requirement of the people .Its dragging technology has developed from DC timing to AC variable frequency timing and its logic control- relay control also has been replaced by PLC.Using PLC control and software to realize auto-control of elevator, reliability is improved greatly. Structure of the system is simple and its external line is predigested. In addition, the function can be increased or changed expendently. Also trouble can be automatic checked and alarming can be shown, security of moving is improved and examining and repairing is convenient.The design is based on the now-being general frequency converter, using PLC to control the elevator, the reliability is improved and the feeling of comfort is better through the reasonable selection and design, so the effect of control is more ideal.Key word: PLC Control，Frequency Conversion Timing，Alarm Indication河南科技学院本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告河南科技学院本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告题目名称 基于 PLC 的交流变频调速电梯系统设计学生姓名柳丰专业机电技术教育学号20050314219指导教师姓名郑艳玲所学专业控制职称讲师完成期限2009 年 2 月 16 日 至 2009 年 2 月 27 日一、选题的目的意义随着我国经济的高速发展，微电子技术、计算机技术和自动控制技术也得到了迅速发展，交流变频调速技术已经进入一个崭新的时代，本次设计在己有的通用变频器的基础上，采用PLC 对电梯进行控制，通过合理的选择和设计，提高了电梯的控制水平，并改善了电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。电梯采用了 PLC 控制，用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠性大大提高。控制系统结构简单，外部线路简化.另外可方便地增加或改变控制功能。也可进行故障自动检测与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。在设计的过程中，能培养我综合运用所学知识，分析和解决实际中所遇到的问题，并且能巩固和深化我所学的专业知识，使我在调查研究和收集资料等方面有所提高，同时在理解分析能力、制定设计或试验方案能力、设计计算和编辑逻辑思维能力方面取得进步。二、国内外研究现状电梯是一种重要的垂直交通运输设备。国外的电梯技术国外的电梯技术主要是三大系列：1、美国技术；2、欧洲技术；3、亚洲技术。美国电梯技术是以 OTIS 为主的电梯技术，其中包括加拿大。欧洲电梯技术是国际上应用最广的电梯技术。在全球欧洲电梯技术以电梯耐用而称著。一般在全球进行合资合作，使欧洲电梯技术成为国际通用技术之先锋；亚洲电梯技术是以日本为主导的电梯技术，以舒适性好而闻名。国内的电梯技术国内的电梯技术吸取各家之长，无论在电梯舒适感与电梯寿命方面均同时采用欧洲以及日本的长处，使电梯寿命长而舒适感好。电梯新技术应用已经成为中国电梯发展的主要趋势, 而且发展迅速。三、主要研究内容主要研究的是 PLC 控制交流变频调速电梯系统；1.研究的目的、意义、结构，变频器的选择， PLC 的选择；2. PLC 控制交流变频调速系统的硬件设计；3. PLC 控制系统的设计。四、毕业论文（设计）的研究方法或技术路线1. 根据交流变频调速电梯系统的要求选择变频器和可编程控制器（PLC）以及其他重要元件；2. 设计交流变频调速电梯系统的主电路；3.选择并确定 PLC 的型号；4.设计正确的变频器，PLC 程序。五、主要参考文献与资料1 黄立培.变频器应用技术及电动机调速M，北京:人民邮电出版社，1997.2 吴忠智.变频器应用手册M，北京:机械工业出版社，1995.3 张福恩.交流调速电梯原理.设计及安装维修M，北京:机械工业出版社，1993.4 陈一才.大楼自动化系统设计手册M，北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1994.5 刘裁文.电梯控制系统M，北京:电子工业出版社，1996.6 刘佩武.电梯的使用与维修M，北京:机械工业出版社，1994.7 宋伯生.可编程序控制器M，北京:中国劳动出版社，1993.8 何衍庆.可编程序控制器原理及应用技巧M，北京:化学工业出版社，1998.9 朱林根.现代化建筑电气设计施工手册M，北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1998.10 梁宾.关于电梯运行舒适感的调试J，广船科技，2002.11 Theodore Wildi. Electrical Machines,Drives,and Power Systems,科学出版社，200212 Karl-Heinz John, Michael Tiegelkamp. IEC 61131-3：Programming Industrial Automation Systems, 2000.六、指导教师审批意见签名： 年 月 日Elevator System Based on PLCComposed by the order of relay control system is a realization of the first elevator control method. However, to enter the nineties, with the development of science and technology and the widespread application of computer technology, the safety of elevators, reliability of the increasingly high demand on the relay control weaknesses are becoming evident. Elevator control system relays the failure rate high, greatly reduces the reliability and safety of elevators, and escalators stopped often to take with the staff about the inconvenience and fear. And the event rather than taking the lift or squat at the end of the lift will not only cause damage to mechanical components, but also personal accident may occur. Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is the first order logic control in accordance with the needs of developed specifically for industrial environment applications to operate the electronic digital computing device. Given its advantages, at present, the relay control the lift has been gradually replaced by PLC control. At the same time, AC variable frequency motor speed control technology, the way the lift drag speed has been a gradual transition from DC to AC frequency converter. Thus, PLC control technology increases VVVF Elevator modern technology has become a hot industry.1. PLC elevator control advantages (1) used in elevator control PLC, with software for automatic control of lift operation, reliability greatly increased. (2) layer was removed and a majority of the relay, the control system structure is simple, to simplify the external circuit. (3) PLC can be a variety of complex control system, easy to add or change control functions. (4) PLC can be automated fault detection and alarm display to improve the operation of security and ease of maintenance. (5) for the group control the allocation and management, and improve the efficiency of elevator operation. (6) do not need to change the control scheme changes when the hardware connection. 2. VVVF elevator control characteristics With the power electronics, microelectronics and computer technology to control the rapid development of technology, communication technology VVVF also a very rapid rate. AC variable frequency motor speed control technology is the power to improve the process in order to improve product quality and improving the environment and promoting technological progress as a primary means. Frequency of its excellent performance and the speed brake from a smooth performance, high efficiency, high power factor and power-saving effect of a broad scope of application and many other advantages of being at home and abroad recognized as the most promising approach speed Exchange characteristics of VVVF Elevator (1)low energy consumption (2) low load circuit, the required emergency power supply device of small In the acceleration stage, the required start-up current of less than 2.5 times the rated current. Peak starting current and time is short. Since the starting current is drastically reduced, so power consumption and power supply cable diameter can be reduced a lot. Required for emergency power supply devices are also relatively small size. (3) high reliability and long service life. (4) good comfort Elevator operation is best to follow the speed curve of a given operation. Their characteristics can be adapted to human feelings, and to ensure that noise operation, smooth brake Ping layer and high precision (5) Stable noise-free (6) In the car, the engine room and adjacent areas to ensure that noise. Because their systems use a high clock frequency. Always produce a true sine wave power supply current yet. Motor torque ripple does not appear. Therefore, to eliminate vibration and noise.3. Elevator control technology The so-called elevator control technology refers to the elevator drive system and electrical control system of automatic control. 70 as the 20th century in Chinas elevator was marked by the exchange of two-speed elevator. Its speed is used to change the elevator traction motor of the very few, two or multi-level approach to the number of windings, very few of them as high-speed winding of the winding, a very few number of windings as the low-speed winding. Windings for high-speed elevator-speed start-up and running, low-speed windings for braking and the maintenance of elevators. The early 80s, VVVF inverter controlled variable lift system available. It uses AC motor drives, are able to reach the level of DC motor, control the speed of the current has reached 6 m / sec. Its small size, light weight, high efficiency, energy saving, including the past almost all the advantages of the lift. Is the latest elevator drive system. Operation in vertical lift, there is also the starting point of the terminus station. For more than three-story elevator buildings, the starting point of the terminal stations and stops between the had not, the starting point for these stations at the first floor of the terminal located at the highest floor. Starting point in the first floor of the station known as base stations, known as the starting point at both ends of the terminal stations and stations at both ends of intermediate stops between stations. Outside the station has a call box, box set are used by staff for elevator call button or touch the call button, the general ends of the lift stations in the call box on the Settings button or touch of a button. Middle layer of the station set up the call box button or touch button 2. No drivers for the control of elevators, at various stations are set up calls me on a button or touch button. Elevator car and the internal settings (except for debris elevator) to manipulate me. Control box switch on the handle or set up stations and the corresponding layer of buttons or touch-button control box on the touch-control button or command button or touch the city button. Outside the command button or touch-button issue as the signal outside the command signal, within the command button or touch-button issue within the signal as a command signal. 80 In the mid-20th century, the touch button has been replaced by micro-button. As the elevator call box outside the base station, in addition to set up a call button or touch button, but also set a key switch in order to work the elevator clearance. Drivers or management staff to open the elevator to the base station can wriggle through a dedicated key to the key switch. Close the elevator in place to automatically cut off the elevator control power supply or power supply.4. PLC Control Elevator Design With the continuous development of urban construction, the increasing high-rise buildings, elevators and life in the national economy has a broad application. Elevator high-rise buildings as a means of transport in the vertical run of daily life has been inextricably linked with people. In fact the lift is based on external call control signals, as well as the laws of their own, such as running, and the call is random, the lift is actually a man-machine interactive control system, simple to use control or logic control order can not meet the control requirements, and therefore , elevator control system uses a random control logic. Elevator control is currently generally used in two ways, first, the use of computer as a signal control unit, the completion of the lift signal acquisition, operation and function of the set, to achieve the lift and set the automatic scheduling function to run the election, drag the control from inverter to complete; the second control mode with programmable logic controller (PLC) to replace the computer control signal sets the election. From the control and performance, these two types of methods and there is no significant difference. Most of the domestic manufacturers to choose the second approach, because the smaller scale of production, their design and manufacture of high cost of computer control devices; and PLC high reliability, convenient and flexible program design, anti-interference ability, stable and reliable operation of the characteristics of Therefore, the elevator control system is now widely used to realize programmable controller.5. Elevator control system characteristics Operation of the lift curve is above the start to run comfort indicators lift the key features, and comfort are directly related with the acceleration, according to control theory, for a certain amount of change according to the law must be directly controlled, for elevator control system, according to the ideal acceleration curve acceleration feedback to be used, in accordance with the motor torque equation: M-MZ = M = J (dn / dt), can be seen reflected in the rate of change of acceleration of the system of dynamic torque changes on the control system to control the acceleration of the dynamic torque M = M-MZ. Therefore, during this time to control the use of the principle of acceleration, when the start rate of increase in steady-state value above 90%, the acceleration control system by the switch to speed control, as in paragraph steady speed, speed control for the constant fluctuations in the smaller, little change in acceleration, speed and the use of closed-loop control can maintain a steady-state speed accuracy and precision for the braking section to create the conditions ping layer. Is rising at a rate in the system, and although the above-speed PI regulator used to control, but two of the PI parameters are different in order to improve the system dynamic response indicators. The brake in the system, that is, to reduce the speed of control necessary to ensure the comfort, but also strictly in accordance with the operation of the lift of the relationship between speed and distance control to ensure the accuracy of flat layers. To the speed in the system before 120r/min, in order to take into account both be taken to control the acceleration of time-based and at the same time in each braking distance based on actual speed and speed deviations from the theory to fix the acceleration curve of a given method. For example, from a flat layer at the distance L, the speed should be reduced to Vm / s, while the actual high speed Vm / s, is illustrated by the increase in the braking torque is not enough here, therefore to calculate value determined by the speed-ag after it combined with a negative deviation of , even here the value given by the speed of amended - (ag + ) so that a given rate of deceleration and the actual increase of negative bias, which increases braking torque big, so fast down to the standard value, when the motor speed 120r/min down after the car at this time only a dozen or so cm layer anomaly, low speed lift, in order to prevent yet floor parking area on the phenomenon in order to enable faster access to the lift to floor area ratio adjustment used in this paragraph and the use of optimal control of time in order to ensure accurate and timely access to elevator floor area, in order to achieve accurate and reliable level layer.PLC 控制下的控制下的电电梯系梯系统统由继电器组成的顺序控制系统是最早的一种实现电梯控制的方法。但是，进入九十年代，随着科学技术的发展和计算机技术的广泛应用，人们对电梯的安全性、可靠性的要求越来越高，继电器控制的弱点就越来越明显。 电梯继电器控制系统故障率高，大大降低了电梯的可靠性和安全性，经常造成停梯，给乘用人员带来不便和惊忧。且电梯一旦发生冲顶或蹲底，不但会造成电梯机械部件损坏，还可能出现人身事故。可编程序控制器(PLC)最早是根据顺序逻辑控制的需要而发展起来的，是专门为工业环境应用而设计的数字运算操作的电子装置。鉴于其种种优点，目前，电梯的继电器控制方式己逐渐被 PLC 控制所代替。同时，由于电机交流变频调速技术的发展，电梯的拖动方式己由原来直流调速逐渐过渡到了交流变频调速。因此，PLC 控制技术加变频调速技术己成为现代电梯行业的一个热点。1. PLC 控制电梯的优点(1)在电梯控制中采用了 PLC，用软件实现对电梯运行的自动控制，可靠性大大提高。 (2)去掉了选层器及大部分继电器，控制系统结构简单，外部线路简化。 (3)PLC 可实现各种复杂的控制系统，方便地增加或改变控制功能。 (4) PLC 可进行故障自动检测与报警显示，提高运行安全性，并便于检修。 (5)用于群控调配和管理，并提高电梯运行效率。(6)更改控制方案时不需改动硬件接线。2.电梯变频调速控制的特点随着电力电子技术、微电子技术和计算机控制技术的飞速发展，交流变频调速技术的发展也十分迅速。电动机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段。变频调速以其优异的调速性能和起制动平稳性能、高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式交流变频调速电梯的特点 能源消耗低 电路负载低，所需紧急供电装置小在加速阶段，所需起动电流小于 2.5 倍的额定电流。且起动电流峰值时间短。由于起动电流大幅度减小，故功耗和供电缆线直径可减小很多。所需的紧急供电装置的尺寸也比较小。 可靠性高，使用寿命长。 舒适感好电梯运行是跟随最佳给定的速度曲线运行的。其特性可适应人体感受，并保证运行噪声小，制动平稳 平层精度高 运行平稳无噪声在轿厢内，机房内及邻近区域确保噪声小。因为其系统中采用了高时钟频率。始终产生一个不失真的正弦波供电电流。电动机不会出现转距脉动。因此，消除了振动和噪声。3.电梯控制技术所谓电梯控制技术是指电梯的传动系统及操纵系统的电气自动控制。作为我国 20 世纪 70 年代电梯的主要标志是交流双速电梯。其调速方法是采用改