英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时.ppt

现在完成时 构成 助动词have has 过去分词肯定句 主语 have has 过去分词否定句 主语 haven t hasn t 过去分词一般疑问句 Have Has 主语 过去分词 动词的过去分词 规则变化和过去式一样 不规则变化见课本P120表格 用法 一 强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果 强调现在的情况 1 Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes 我刚洗过衣服 洗衣服 是发生在过去的动作 现在的情况是 衣服干净了 2 Ihavejusthadmybreakfast 现在的情况 不饿 3 Willyoupleasegotoseethefilmwithmethisevening Sorry Ihaveseenitthreetimes 现在的情况是 我已了解电影的内容 标志词 用法 一 just 刚刚 already 已经 before 以前 yet 一般疑问句中 已经 否定句 还 never ever recently 近来 once twice threetimes 次数 有时句中虽然没有明确的时态标志 但上下文却暗示动作发生在过去并对现在有影响 Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore Haveyoueverriddenahorse Shehasalreadyfinishedthework Haveyoufedthecatyet Yes Ihavealreadydonethat I vejustfinishedmyhomework Hehasnotcomeyet 7 Whyareyousosad Ihaveheardthebadnews 8 Wouldyouliketohaveanothercake Thanks ButIhavehadenough 用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子 1 Marylostherpen you see ithereandthere 在某个地方 2 you find yourwatchyet 3 Areyouthirsty NO I just have someorange 4 We already return thebook 5 they build anewschoolinthevillageyet 6 I notfinish myhomeworkyet Canyouhelpme 7 What they do withthenewspapers Theyhavereadthem dowith处理 8 Myfather read thenoveltwice 9 I give myfriendanicebookrecently 10 LiPingandWuDong see theoldmanthreetimes 11 sheever teach youEnglish 12 Whatacleanroom Tom clean it 13 Bothhisparentslooksad Maybethey what shappenedtohim knew haveknown mustknow willknow14 HaveyoumetMrLi just ago before amomentago15 you yourhomeworkyet Yes I itamomentago Did do finished Have done finished Have done havefinished will do finish 用法 二 表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在 并有可能继续下去 强调动词必须延续 常和段时间连用 同现在完成进行时 标志词 for 段时间 since 过去时间点或过去时态的句子sofar 到目前为止 bynow thesedays 这些天 inthelast pastfewyears 在最近的几年里 Ihavebeenhereforovertwoyears Hehasworkedheresince1989 Ihaven tseenherthesedays ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years since3yearsago Theyhavelivedheresince1990 WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years 1 He teach usEnglishfortwoyears 2 WuDong be asoldierforoneyear 3 Thestudents study inthemiddleschoolsincelastmonth 4 Howlong you know him 5 Mike make quiteafewfriendssincehecametoChina 6 Thesechildren stay intheparkfortwohours 1 hastaught2 hasbeen3 havestudied4 haveknown5 hasmade6 havestayed 7 Jenny withaChinesefamilyfortwoyears Nowshe susedtothelifeinChina A staysB wouldstayC isstayingD hasstayed8 Thelife greatlysince1992 A changeB haschangedC changingD havechanged 9 Ourcountry alotsofar Yes Ihopeitwillbeeven A haschanged wellB havechanged goodC havechanged betterD haschanged better 7 D8 B9 D 注意点一 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响 强调现在的情况 现在完成时属于现在时态范围 因此 不能和表示过去的时间状语yesterday lastnight twoweeksago等连用 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作 和现在无关 强调动作发生的时间是过去 试比较 1 Theplanehasarrived 飞机已经来了 强调现在的情况是飞机在这儿 2 Theplanearrivedaquarterago 飞机是一刻钟以前来的 强调动作发生的时间在过去 3 Ihavetaughtherefor20years 我在这儿已经教了20年 表示20年前的动作一直延续到现在 还可能会继续 4 Itaughthereforayear 我过去在这儿教过一年 表示 我 现在已经不在这儿任教了 PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish A 火车已经开走了 B 什么时候开走的 A 半个小时之前开走的 A 这本书我已经买了两年了 B 你在哪儿买的 A 在我老家买的 A 你看过这部电影吗 B 看过 A 什么时候看的 B 上周星期天看的 A Thetrainhasleft B Whendiditleave A Itlefthalfanhourago A Haveyouseenthefilm B Yes Ihave A Whendidyouseeit B IsawitlastSunday I vehadthebookfortwoyears B Wheredidyoubuyit A Iboughtitinmyhometown 注意点二 非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词 非延续性动词 在肯定句 疑问句中不能与段时间连用 这样的动词有 come go die begin buy borrow arrive finish join leave become fall gettoknow marry等 要想和段时间连用 必须把非延续性动词转换为延续性动词 例如 他死了三年了 1 Hediedthreeyearsago 2 Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears 3 It sthreeyearssincehedied 4 Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied 2 他入党五年了 HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears ItisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty 3 电影开始五分钟了Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan FiveyearshaspassedsincehejoinedtheParty Fiveminuteshaspassedsincethefilmbegan 非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 come be in leave go beawayborrow keepbuy havedie bedeadgettoknow knowbegin beongoout beoffmarry getmarried to bemarried to begintowork study live work study leavefallasleep gettosleep beasleepJoin bein beamemberof 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换1 borrow keep havekept2 gettoknow know haveknown3 catchacold haveacold havehadacold4 buy have havehad5 die bedead havebeendead6 open beopen havebeenopen7 close beclosed havebeenclosed8 getmarried bemarried havebeenmarried9arrive behere there havebeenhere there10 fallasleep beasleep havebeenasleep11 leavesp Beawayfromsp Havebeenawayfromsp 12 return beback havebeenback 13 gotobed beinbed havebeeninbed15 goto cometosp beinsp ehere behere havebeenhere17 gotherebetherehavebeenthere18 gooutbeouthavebeenout19 getupbeuphavebeenup20 start beginbeonhavebeenon21 finish endbeoverhavebeenover22 becomebehavebeen23 join beamemberof havebeenamemberofbeinhavebeenin 1 Ihaveborrowedthebookfor2weeks 2 Thefilmhasbegunfor5minutes ABC ABC Bkept Bbeenon 3 这辆自行车我买了两年了 I ve thebike twoyears 4 HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago He Nanjingfortwoyears 5 Themonkeydiedlastmonth Themonkey foramonth 6 A Honglong you B Twoweeks A did getillB have fallenillC were illD have beenill hadfor hasbeenawayfrom hasbeendead D 注意点三 havebeenin havebeento与havegoneto的用法1 have has beenin表示 在某地呆过 多长时间 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 例如 TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears 他们在加拿大呆了五年 2 have has beento表示 去过某地 现在已经回来 可与ever never once twice等连用 例如 IhaveeverbeentoBeijing 我曾经去过北京 MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall 玛丽从未去过长城 Shehasbeentoshanghaitwice 练习 用have has been或have has gone填空A Where 1 LiFei 1 B He 2 toHainanIsland A Howlong 3 he 3 there B He 4 thereforthreedays A Whenwillhecomeback doyouknow B I mafraidhewon tcomebackrecently A CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland B Sorry I 5 never 5 there A Howmanytimes 6 LiFei 6 tothatplace B He 7 thereonlyonce 3 have has goneto意为 去了某地 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中 总之 说话时该人不在现场 不能和段时间连用 一般主语为第三人称 主要与already just连用 例如 WhereisTom Hehasgonetothebookshop 他到书店去了 JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon 杰克 约翰逊到伦敦去了 用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子 1 Mary lose herpen you see ithereandthere 2 you find yourwatchyet