初中生英语语法··.doc

No, they are far from our country.不，他们离我们国家很远。1）far from除了表示距离的“远离”之外，还有“远远不，完全不，决非”之意，后接名词、动名词或形容词。如：Far from reading his letter, she didnt open it. 别说看他的信了，她连信都没打开。He is far from (being) rich. 他一点也不富有。2）far away 用作表语或状语，away可以省去。因此，far away = far ； far away from = far from 。far （away） 后不接宾语；far （away） from 后一定要接宾语。如：The do not live far away. 他们住得并不远。3）away from 与far from的区别主要在于far与away的区别：far是表示较笼统、模糊概念的“远”，而away是表示具体的“远”。如：very far很远；quite far相当远； 500 meters away 500米远； 2 kilometers away 2公里远My home is very far from the hospital. 我家离医院非常远。My home is 20 kilometers away from the hospital. 我家离医院有20公里。12. Look at the map.看地图。look可用作不及物动词、及物动词和连系动词。现将其用法归纳如下：一、用作不及物动词,意为“看，望，瞧”。1）单独使用时，后不跟介词。如：I looked but saw nothing.我看了，但什么也没看见。Look! Here comes the bus. 瞧!汽车来了。Look before you leap. 三思而后行。2）和at连用。如：The teacher is looking seriously at us.老师正严肃地看着我们。Look at these pictures. How beautiful they are! 看这些画，它们是多么漂亮啊!3）和其他某些介词或副词连用。a、look after 照看，照料。如：He is old enough to look after himself. 他年龄足够大，能照看自己。b、look for 寻找。如：I looked for you just now, but I didnt find you. 刚才我到处找你，但没有找到。c、look around 四下环顾，到处寻找。如：He looked around but he saw nobody. 他四下环顾，但什么人也没看到。d、look back on回想，回顾。如：They often look back on the days they spent together. 他们常回顾他们在一起度过的日子。e、look down on看不起。如：Dont look down on others.不要看不起别人。f、look forward to 盼望。如：We are looking forward to seeing you again. 我们盼望再见到你。g、look into朝里面看。如：He looked into the box, but he saw nothing. 他朝箱子里面看了看，但没看到什么。h、look on.as把某人看做。如：We look on him as our friends.我们把他看做我们的朋友。i、look out当心。如：Look out! Dont hit the tree. 当心！不要撞了树。j、look over仔细检查，翻阅。如：The doctor is looking him over. 医生正在给他做仔细检查。k、look through浏览；仔细检查；看穿。如：I have looked it through. 我已把它仔细地看了一遍。l、look up抬头看；查；找出。如：He looked up and smiled at me. 他抬起头，对我笑了笑。If there are words you dont understand, look them up in the dictionary. 如果你有不认识的单词可以查词典。二、用作连系动词，意为“看起来”。1）后跟形容词。如：You look well/fine/healthy. 你看起来很健康。The teacher looks happy. 老师看上去很高兴。She looks pale. 她面色苍白。2）后跟过去分词。如：You look tired; youd better have a rest. 你看上去很累，你最好休息一下。3）后跟名词。如：He looks a nice, honest man. 他看上去是个诚实的好人。4）后跟介词短语等。如：He looks in good health. 他看来十分健康。13. She doesnt go to work by bus.她不是坐公共汽车去上班。如何将一般现在时的肯定句改成否定句。不含有“be”动词的一般现在时的肯定句，在改成否定句时，首先要想到助动词“do”或“does”，构成“do not / dont ”或“does not / doesnt”否定结构。其中，“does”只能用在主语是第三人称单数时，还要记得把动词的第三人称形式改为原形；“do”用在主语不是第三人称单数时。如：1、He writes the new words every evening. （ 肯定句 ）He doesnt write the new words every evening. （ 否定句）2、We go to school on Sundays. （肯定句）We dont go to school on Sundays. （否定句）3、Xiao Li reads newspaper every day. （肯定句）Xiao Li doesnt read newspaper every day. （否定句）4、The blue bird sings every morning. （肯定句）The blue bird doesnt sing every morning. （否定句）14. What is it？这是什么？what引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。1）.对主语提问，如： What is in your pocket？ 你口袋里有什么？这个问题可以有两种回答：a. There is an egg in it. 在口袋里有一个蛋。b. An egg is（in it）. 一个蛋（在里面）。Whats in the room？ 屋子里有什么？There are a lot of chairs in it.=A lot of chairs are in it.有许多椅子。注意回答此句型的问题时，答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。2）.对宾语提问，如： What did you buy？你买了什么？I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。3）.对表语提问，如： What is this？这是什么？ Its a bench.这是一条长凳。What is your mother？你妈妈是干什么的？注意What is+人？此句型是问人的职业，一般译为“是干什么的？”She is a teacher.她是个老师。15. How does she go to work? 她怎样去上班？how是疑问副词，表“如何，怎样”。How引导的问句属于特殊疑问句，以下的情况可以用how来提问：1）询问身体状况，用how。如： How are you? 你（身体）怎么样？2）询问年龄，用 how old。如： How old is Jack? 杰克多大了？3）询问身高，用 how tall。如： How tall are you ? 你多高？4）询问价格，用 how much。如： How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？5）询问数量时，对可数名词提问用how many，对不可数名词提问用how much。如：How many books are there in your bag? 在你的书包里有几本书？How much milk do you want?