高中英语必修4Unit3重点词语及短语整理.doc

高中英语必修4 Unit3重点词语及短语解析1. feel vt. （1) 触，摸： She felt the dogs nose. 她摸狗的鼻子。 （2）感觉； 觉得 He began to feel uneasy. 他开始感到不安。How are you feeling today, Mrs. Brown? 布朗太太，你今天觉得怎么样？I dont feel like sleeping。 我不想睡。 2. feel/ be content with adj.对满意的，满足的，安心的Are you content with your present salary? 你对你目前的薪金满意吗？Are you content to go there alone? 你愿意一个人去那儿吗？词语拓展 （1）contents n. 内容，内部所有之物，目录 Are you content with the contents of the novel? 你对小说的内容满意吗？（2）content n. 不可数名词，满意的状态，满意He lives in peace and content. 他生活于和平与满足之中。to ones hearts content 尽情地，心满意足On Sundays children play in the park to their hearts content. 星期天孩子们在公园里尽情地玩耍。be content to do sth.满足于做某事 (be satisfied to do sth.)in content and form 在内容和形式上do sth.to ones hearts content 尽情地做某事content oneself/sb.with.使自己/某人对满意辨析：content，satisfycontent表示使人在一定程度上得到满足。satisfy表示使人的要求、希望得到完全的满足。提示：表示“非常满意”时，用be well content，而不用very修饰。content一般只作表语，作定语时需用contented。 Young people are not _ to stand and look at works of art；they want the art they can participate in.Acontent Bgenerous Cconfident Dconservative答案：A3. astonish vt.使惊讶；使惊骇；使惊愕We are astonished at his improvement. 他进步之快，令我们惊讶。 The barbarian customs of the villagers astonished us. 村民的野鸾习俗令我们吃惊。词语拓展 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的； astonished adj. 感到惊讶的； astonishment n. 惊讶，惊骇。astonish sb 令某人吃惊/惊讶It astonishes sb.that.某人没有料到会be astonished to do/at sth./that从句 对感到十分惊讶，吃惊to ones astonishment 令某人惊讶的是in astonishment 惊愕地，吃惊地To our _，the boss wasnt _ at the _ news at all.Aastonishment; astonish; astonished Bastonishment; astonished; astonishingCastonish; astonished; astonishing Dastonishment; astonishing; astonished答案：B4. unfortunate 不幸的： She is an unfortunate woman. 她是个不幸的女人。fortune ftun n. 富有；财富；运气；幸运 Fortune smiled on us.幸运之神垂青我们。1) 和 fortune相关的一些词组： have good (bad)fortune 运气好（不好）； make ones/ a fortune 发财；发迹 try ones fortune 碰运气 tell sb.ones fortune 给某人算命 2)fortune 作“财富；财产”解时是可数名词；作“运气；幸运”解时是不可数名词。词语拓展 fortunate adj. 幸运的=lucky fortunately adv. 幸运地=luckily fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的 be fortunate in 在方面很幸运Eg: He was fortunate in having such nice friends.他真幸运，有这样好的朋友。be fortunate to do sth.幸运地能干某事You are very fortunate to have found such a pleasant house.你真幸运，找到这么好的房子。fortunate + that 从句，如：Its very fortunate (that)we have Emma here.真幸运，爱玛和我们在一起。fortunately adv.幸运地，侥幸地 fortune n运气；财富，财产辨析：fortunate与lucky这两个词都表示“幸运的”的意思。fortunate比lucky更文雅，常用于较为重大的事件。lucky不如fortunate正式，着重意外或纯属偶然。_，people are beginning to realize how serious the situation is. 答案：BAFortunate BFortunately CBeing fortunate DBeing fortunatelyFortunately for him, he has passed. 对他来说幸运的是，他过关了。unfortunate adj. 不幸的,=unlucky ； unfortunately adv. 不幸地=unluckily5. worse （1）adj. 更坏的 She got worse last night. 她昨天的情况恶化了。 What is worse 更坏的是 What was worse, it was getting cold. 更坏的是，天渐渐冷起来了。（2）adv. 更坏地，更恶劣地 It is raining worse than ever. 雨下更大了。badly off 穷的；缺少的境况不好；拮据，贫穷The school was then badly off for teachers.当时学校缺少教师。词语拓展 badly off 穷困的，潦倒的，是worse off 的原级； He is badly off while his brother is well off. 他过着穷困潦倒的生活而他的哥哥过着富裕的生活。反义词 ：well off 富裕的；富有的；富有的；有许多的,比较级：be better/worse off 境况(尤指经济境况)更好/更糟糕2)比较级worse off和better off常常与than，rather than 搭配使用。如：I went to his home and found his living condition was worse off than mine.We shouldnt complain about being poor because many families are much _ than we are.Aworse off Bbadly off Cwell off Dbetter off解析：此题考查比较级。badly off“穷困，潦倒”；well off“富裕”；题干中出现了than要用比较级；又根据being poor可知要用A项。句意：我们不应该抱怨贫穷，因为有许多家庭比我们更穷。答案：Abad, badly 和 ill 的比较级都是worse；worse still = what is worse =to make matters worse更坏的是 worsen v.t.使更糟糕 go from bad to worse (指不如意的境况等)越来越坏，每况愈下worse and worse 越来越坏，每况愈下to make matters worse/even worse 更糟糕的是be bad at sth.不擅长于 He is bad at English. 他不擅长英语。be bad for sth. 对有坏处 Dont read in bed. It is bad for your eyes.不要躺在床上读书。那样对你的眼有害。be bad to sb.待某人不好 Her stepmother is bad to her. 她的继母虐待她。do badly in sth.在方面做得不好 He did badly in the exam yesterday. 昨天他考得不好。6. ordinary （1）adj. 普通的；正常的 （【反】extraordinary） He attended the party in ordinary dress. 他穿着便服去赴宴。 （2）中下等的；平凡的；平常的 an ordinary letter平信 7. bore v.t.使（某人）感到无聊、厌烦 His stories bored me very much. 他的事使我感到非常厌烦。词语拓展 boring adj. 无聊的，令人厌烦的 (常指事物，也可指人) bored adj. 感到厌烦的，感到无聊的(常用来说明人) boredom n. 厌烦，无聊，厌倦 I am bored; lets go to the cinema. 我闷了，咱们看电影去吧。 bore sb.with sth.用某事烦忧某人be bored with.对感到厌烦bore sb. to death /tears 烦死了某人; 使某人极度厌烦a boring evening 一个百无聊赖的晚上 (北京高考)Mr Smith，_of the_speech，started to read a novel.Atired; boring Btiring; bored Ctired; bored Dtiring; boring解析：(Mr Smith)is tired of(人)对感到厌烦，tired of短语作定语修饰Mr Smith；空二则是“令人厌烦的演讲”，故用boring修饰speech。答案：A8. entertain vt.（1）使娱乐；助兴 They gave a dance to entertain their guests. 他们跳了一个舞以娱嘉宾。 （2）招待 We entertained them for dinner. 我们招待他们吃晚餐。 entertain sb.as.把某人当招待entertain sb.with.用招待某人 entertain sb.to.请某人吃 He made a promise _ he would entertain us _ dinner the next day.Athat; with Bthat; to Cwhich; with Dwhich; to答案：B词语拓展 entertaining adj. 令人愉快的，有趣的 an entertaining film 一部令人愉快的电影entertained adj. 感到愉快的 entertainment 娱乐，款待；娱乐活动（常用复数） entertainer n.表演者，艺人9. throughout (1) prep.遍及；贯穿；在全部 期间Pauls songs are popular throughout the world. 保罗的歌在全世界都很受欢迎。（2）adv. 各地；到处；始终；全部 The house is well built throughout. 这整幢房子都建筑得很好。 自始至终： The soldier stood perfectly still throughout. 士兵自始至终站着不动。 【考点聚焦】 1)作介词时，常见的搭配有：throughout the day 整天 throughout ones life 终生 throughout history 在整个历史上throughout the century 整个世纪 throughout the country（遍及）全国 throughout the night 整个晚上2)throughout 作副词时，常用于句尾。如：The house is painted throughout.这所房子全部油漆了一遍。10. failure n.（1）失败n. 失败（者）；破产；不及格 His failure disappointed his father. 他的失败使他父亲失望。 Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 （2）衰败；减退 the failure of health 健康衰退词语拓展【考点聚焦】 1）反义词：success ；动词：fail 失败2)与fail相关的一些词组：fail sth. =fail in sth. =fail to do sth.做某事失败了fail in失败；不及格；不足；缺乏fail + to do sth.（表示否定）不能；没有，如：I failed to persuade him.= I failed in persuading him.我没能说服他。without fail 必定；务必3)形容词failing 与failed的区别：failing指“失败中的；不及格的；减弱（或衰退）中的”，如：failing marriage瓦解中的婚姻；failing health每况愈下的健康状况；failed指“失败了的；不成功的；破产了的；倒闭了的”，如：a failed candidate 落选的候选人；a failed firm 倒闭的公司 11、overcome vkm vt. & vi.战胜；克服；征服We should learn to overcome difficulties.我们应该学会克服困难。1)overcome常用在被动语态中表示“（感情等）压倒；使受不了”。常和by，with搭配。如：The child was overcome by weariness and slept.孩子疲倦之极，睡着了。He was overcome with astonishment.他惊异万状。2)over-作前缀时可表示以下含义：过度；太甚,如：over study 用功过度；over talk过分多言在上；在外；从上；越过，如：Over bridge 天桥；overcoat 外衣；over fly 飞跃；oversea(s)海外颠倒；反转，如： overthrow 推翻；overturn 倾倒；倾覆3)overcome的过去式和过去分词分别是overcame 和overcome；现在分词是 overcoming。12、mouthful mafl adj.一口；满口I took only a mouthful of food and then went to school.我只吃了一口饭就上学去了。1)名词： mouth口；嘴; mouth 的复数形式是mouths2)-ful是一个后缀，加在名词之后，表示“充满的”。类似的还有handful，cupful，dishful，spoonful，boatful，houseful，armful等。13. pick out (1)挑选出;拣出 Let me pick out some good ones for you. 让我来替你挑几个好的。 The best students have been picked out. 最好的学生已挑选好了。(2)辨认出 Its easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall. 很容易从人群中辨认出他,因为他个子很高。 pick out辨析：pick out，select，choosepick out指按照个人喜爱或希望进行挑选。select指有目的、仔细认真地选择，有“精选”的含义。choose通常只在所提供的对象中经过考虑，凭个人的判断进行选择。提示：pick out和pick up都是“动词副词”组成的短语动词，若其宾语是人称代词，则必须置于动词与副词之间；若其宾语为名词，则位于副词后或短语中间皆可。 It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend.Aturn out Bpick out Cbring out Dcall outpick up拿起；捡起；接，便宜地得到;拾起;挑出；辨别出He picked up his book and began to read.他拿起书开始读。The bus stopped and picked up many people. 车停了，上来好多人。She picked up many goods in the market. 她在市场里买了好多便宜货。1)反义词组：put down（放下）2)pick up除了“拿起；捡起；拾起”外，还有一些其他含义,如：We picked up the conversation from where we had left it.我们从中断的地方重新开始会谈。（重新开始，继续）The train stopped to pick up passengers.火车停下来搭乘客。（用车接人或物，中途搭乘）词语拓展 pick vt.剔，挖；采摘 She is picking her teeth. 她在剔牙。 Dont pick the flowers in the garden. 不要采摘花园里的花。14. cut off 切断，砍掉，剪下： Our water supply has been cut off. 我们断水了。 Be careful not to cut your finger off. 小心别切断了手指头。 She cut off my apology.她打断了我的道歉。词语拓展 cut切，割，剪，砍 cut的过去式和过去分词都是cut，现在分词是cutting。The boy cut his finger while playing with his knife.你孩子玩刀子时划破了手指头。cut out剪裁，删掉 She is cutting out a dress. 她在剪裁一件连衣裙。 You can cut out the unimportant details. 你可以删除那些不重要的细节。cut down砍到; 削减；减少 Please cut the trousers down. 请把裤子改短。 He cut his article down to 1000 words. 他把文章缩减到一千字。cut up 切碎 Please cut the meat up before making dumplings. 在包饺子之前先把肉切碎。cutinto把切成 Cut the apple into halves, thirds, quarters. 把苹果切成两半，三瓣，四瓣等。cut sb.short 打断某人（的话）cut sth.short 剪（切、割等）短某物；使某事缩短；使某事中断She cut her hair short. 她把头发剪短了。cut in插话 Dont cut in a word, please. 请不要插话。cut across 抄近路穿过；取捷径通过a short cut 捷径15. convince使相信;说服 I am convinced of its truth. 我相信他的真实性。词语拓展 convincing 使人相信的；说服人的 convinced 感到相信的；被说服的convince，persuade与advise的区别这两个词都可以表示“说服；使信服”。其区别是：(1)convince着重情感上的“敦促、劝告”，它所要求的主语可以是人，也可以是事物。例如：Her smile convinced him that she was happy. 她的微笑使他确信她是幸福的。注意：这句话的主语是her smile，而不是人做主语，所以就不能用persuade，而要用convince。(2)persuade着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”，所要求的主语一定是人，而不可能是事物。convince与persuade结构相同，即persuade/convince sb.that.；persuade/convince sb.of sth.。persuade和convince都表示结果，即说服了；若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作，常用try to persuade/convince，也可用advise。例如：He persuaded me that it was not worth buying.他说服我，那东西不值得买。persuade还可表示说明某人做(或不做)某事，其结构为：persuade sb.(not)to do sth.；persuade o/out of doing sth.。例如：He persuaded me to do that.He persuaded me into doing that.他说服我去做那件事。(3)advise只是表示劝说的动作，而不强调结果，但persuade不仅表示劝说的动作，同时又强调有结果。从词义上说，advise只是“劝告”，persuade的意思是“说服，劝服”，它强调了“劝告”的结果。例如：I advised/tried to persuade him to start early but he didnt listen.我劝告(试着说服)他早点动身，可他不听。 (2010浙江三校联考)Scientists are increasingly _ that the earth is getting hotter because of carbon dioxide and other gases.Aconvinced Bconfident CConcerned Dconscious答案：A16. direct 指导，指挥；监督；命令；书写；指向 The teacher directed the work of his students. 老师指导学生做作业。I would act rather than direct. 我宁愿当演员而不愿当导演。1)近义词：straight;反义词：（作形容词时）indirect名词：direction 方向；方面；director 指导者；directory 姓名地址录副词：directly直接地2)direct作动词时的一些用法：direct + 宾语 + 不定式，如：The general directed the troops to attack.将军命令部队进攻。direct + that 从句，如：The general directed that an advance (should)be made the next morning.将军命令部队第二天早上向前推进。3)副词direct与directly的区别：direct的意思是径直地、直接地。指行路中不停步、不绕道、直奔目的地如：You must go direct to see a doctor.你必须直接去看医生。（意思是不要耽搁）directly着重对事物的直接影响，不着重实际距离。指以一种直接的方式，表时间时，指“立刻、不拖延”之意。如：She has never spoken directly about Tom.她从不直接谈论汤姆。（意思是她较为含蓄）The train goes there direct.火车一直开往那里。He is looking directly at me.他直直地看着我。He answered my question very directly. 他很直率地回答了我的问题。注意：directly也可作连接词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”。如：Directly I received his letter，I went to see him.我一收到他的信就去看他了。 (2009湖南师大附中)I shall take you to France _ you are well enough to travel.Aquickly Bdirectly Cfinally Dhappily解析：directly作连词，表“一就”，其他项没有此用法。答案：B词语拓展 direct speech 直接引语 indirect speech间接引语 director导演，主任，董事长；direction 指导，说明书(常用复数)： He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这件事。in the direction of朝着的方向 He walked in the direction of me. 他朝我走来。17. star in 在中担任主角; 主演 Liu Dehua starred in the film A world without thieves. 刘德华在天下无贼中担任主角。He starred in dozens of films during his lifetime.他一生主演过几十部电影。词语拓展 star sb. in 使某人在中担任主角: Zhang Yimou wanted to star Zhou Jielun in his new film. 张艺谋想让周杰伦在他的新电影中担任主角。1)同义词组：play the lead in。2)star也可作及物动词，意为“以为主角”。如：The director wanted to star her in the new film.导演想让她在这部新影片中担任主角。star st(r)vt. & vi.标上星号Ive starred the important articles to read.我已经给要阅读的重要文章标了星号。1)star作动词时的其他一些用法:演主角；主演,如：She is to star in a new film.她将在一部新影片中出任主角。（常用被动语态）用星（星状物）装饰，如：There is a lawn starred with white flowers in her garden. 她的花园里有一块草地，草地上星星点点地长着白花。2)star 的过去式和过去分词都是starred；现在分词是starring。star n. 恒星，星星，明星： a five-star hotel一家五星级宾馆There are many stars in the sky on a clear night. 在晴朗的夜空里有许多星星。Liu Xiaoqing is a famous film star. 刘晓庆是一个著名的电影明星。18. outstanding adj.著名的；显著的： He is an outstanding scholar. 他是个著名的学者。词语拓展 stand out突出，显眼 His work stands out from the rest. 他的工作比他人都好。stand by 袖手旁观，支持 I will stand by you whatever happens. 无论如何，我都会支持你。How could you stand by when he treated his dog badly? 当他虐待他的狗时，你怎么能袖手旁观哪？stand for 代表，意指 Our party stands for our people. 我们的当代表着我们的人民。注意：作定语、状语时用现在分词。The party standing for its people will do good to its people. 代表人民的党会为民众带来好处的。stand against 靠放着 The desk stands against the wall. 桌子靠墙放着。sand still站着不动 When his classmates walked to the gate, he stood still. 当他的同学朝门口走去的时候，他却站着一动不动。stand up站起来 When the teacher came in, the students all stood up. 当老师进来时，全体学生都站立起来。stand in line排队 Everyone should stand in line when buying tickets. 买票时人人都应当排队。19whisper v& n低语，耳语，私语；私下说，低声地说in a whisper(in whispers)低声地whisper about sth.密谈某事It is whispered that.有人私下说whisper to sb.对某人窃窃耳语It is whispered that he has a cancer. 传闻说他身患癌症。They sat at the back of the room，talking in whispers. 他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。 (2007四川)Mum_to us，“Be quiet！Your little sisters sleeping.”Awhispered Bshouted Cexplained Dreplied解析：语境中考查动词辨析。whisper to sb低声对别人说；shout to sb对某人大声喊；explain to sb向某人解释；reply to sb回答别人。答案：A20. depressed是形容词，意为“感到沮丧的”；词语拓展 depress vt. 使沮丧，使忧愁 Wet weather always depresses me. 在阴雨天里我总是心灰意懒。depressing adj.令人沮丧的 His marks are depressing. 他的分数令人沮丧。depression n. the Great Depressioon（美国）经济大萧条21.particular adj. 特别的，特殊的 n.细节；细目She took particular care not to overcook the meat. 她特别小心不把肉烹调过火。Id like you to give us full particulars of what happened.我希望你能为我们提供事情的全部详情。词语拓展（1）be particular about / over 对特别讲究的、挑剔的苛求的She is very particular about what she wears. 她对衣着很讲究。（2）in particular尤其，特别= particularlyThe whole meal was good but the wine is excellent in particular. 整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。（3）particularity n.particular作形容词时与special的区别：special 常指一般场合下的“特殊”，较普通；particular 常可与special通用，但含有个别的意味，强调特殊场合下的特殊情况。22.occasion n.时刻、时候、场合、机会，前边常用on后边常接for 。This is not an occasion for laughter. 这不是笑的时候。词语拓展 occasional adj. 偶尔的，偶然的 ； occasionally adv.There will be occasional showers during the day. 白天将偶有阵雨。23.pretend v假装The time has come to stop pretending! 够了，别在装蒜了！She pretended (that) she was not at home when we rang the door bell. 我们按门铃时她假装不在家。He pretended to be eating dumplings. 他假装正在吃饺子。He pretended illness as an excuse. 他假装有病以为借口。 24chance，occasion与opportunity的区别这组词的一般含义是“时机；机会”。不管在口语中或者在文学作品中，这几个都是常用的词。其区别是：(1)chance做可数名词，意为“机会；机遇”，表示事理上不一定发生而发生的“偶然、意外的机会”，含有一时的运气和侥幸的意味，比opportunity具有更大的偶然性。例如：Let chance decide.碰碰运气吧！Its the chance of lifetime.Dont miss it.这是千载难逢的机会，别错过了。(2)occasion意为“机会、时机”，是从“时刻”的意思发展为“时机或机会”的，常指一般性的机会。例如：He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.他抓住机会邀请她回家里吃饭。(3)opportunity表示某时机符合自己想干某事的意愿、目的、雄心甚至野心。例如：Wait for an opportunity to take action.伺机而动。There may be an opportunity for you to see the chairman of the board tomorrow.明天你也许有机会见到董事长。 Soon he had an opportunity of explaining that to her.不久他便有了向她解释那件事的机会。 (2009宁波质检)Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university degree.Arealities Bnecessities Cprobabilities Dopportunities解析：句意：很多新机遇将来为那些有大学学历的人开放着。opportunity 机会，机遇；reality 现实；necessity 必要；probability 可能性。根据句意选D。The opening ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing proved to be quite an _.Aincident Boccasion Caffair Dopportunity解析：occasion此处意思是“特殊的事情(或仪式、庆典)”。答案：B25common，ordinary与usual的区别(1)common有两层意思，当指“普通的；平凡的”的时候，和ordinary同义；还可指“普通的；共同的”，强调大家都有的，比较普遍的。例如：He is only a common person，but he has made great achievements.他只是一个普通的人，但是他取得了很大的成就。They have English as a common language.英语是他们的共同语言。(2)ordinary意为“普通的”，含有“平凡”的意思，与一般事物的性质、标准相同，强调“平常，平庸”，指无特别之处。例如：He is in an ordinary dress.他穿着平常的衣服。Flu is a common disease among ordinary people. 流感是一种发生在普通人中的常见病。(3)usual指“通常的”，一般指在时间上延续过去的习惯，如：usual time“老时间”；usual place“老地方”。常用词组：as usual“像平常一样”；than usual“比平常”。例如：Coffee is considered to be the usual drink of American. 咖啡被认为是美国人的日常饮料。He came to school late this morning as usual. 像往常一样，今天早上他又迟到了。26joke (1) n. 笑话，玩笑；使人好笑的情形：make a joke about sb. or sth.戏弄某人或某事；have a joke with sb.与某人说笑话；play a joke on sb. about sth.拿某事来戏弄某人词语拓展jokingly adv. = in joke = as a joke 开玩笑地 the joke of the school学校里的笑柄(2)vi.开玩笑 I am only joking. 我只是在开玩笑。 He is always joking. 他老是爱开玩笑。joker 爱开玩笑的人27.fly n. 苍蝇；butterfly蝴蝶， dragonfly蜻蜓词语拓展vi. 飞（ flew flown ）fly to Beijing飞往北京flight n.飞行，航班 in flight; a non-stop flight from Paris to New York从巴黎到纽约的直达航班；vt.放飞：fly a kite放风筝; fly a model plane放飞机模型28.last adj.最后的，以前的the last Sunday in June六月的最后的一个星期六; the last time I saw you上次我见到你的时候； He is the last but one in t